By:
Nurma Khoirun Nisa’
IX A class
1. Quantity

International Unit
System:
–
–
–
Quantity which are usually
used in physics are divided
into two:
Fundamental quantity is
quantities of units of which
are predetermined and they
are not derived from another
quantities.
Derived quantity is quantities
which are derived from
fundamental quantity.
International
Unit
Meter (m)
Length ( l )
Kilogram (kg)
mass (m)
second (s)
time (t)
newton (N)
force (F)
m²
Area (A)
m³
volume (V)
energy/ work (W) joule (J)
m/s
velocity (v)
kg/m³
Density ()
m/s²
acceleration (a)
Electron charge (Q) Coulomb ©
No Quantity (symbol)
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
11
2. Mass

Mass:
m  w.g
m  mass(kg)
w  weight ( Newton)
g  gravitational force(m / s 2 )
Mass is constant in everywhere. But weight is
influenced by gravitational force in place.
3. Density (I)
Density:
m

V
  density (kg / m3 )
m  mass(kg)
V  volume(m3 )
Density every object is different
1 g/cm3 =1000 Kg/m3
1 Kg/m3 = 0,001 g/cm3
3. Density (II)
 relatif
 object

 water
 mix
ma  mb

Va  Vb


(Proportional of
density an object and
density of water)
(Proportional of
density between
some objects)
4. Expansion coefficient
A. Length expansion
l1  lo

lo (t1  t o )
OR
l

lo x t
Manner:
α = length expansion
coefficient
ℓ1 = final length (m)
ℓo = initial length (m)
t1 = final temperature (°C)
to = initial temperature (°C)
Δℓ = the change of length (m)
Δt = the change of
temperature (°C)
 ;  ;    ;2 ;3
4. Expansion coefficient
B. Area expansion
A1  Ao

Ao (t1  t o )
OR
A

Ao x t
Manner:
β = Area expansion
coefficient
A1= final area (m²)
Ao= initial area (m²)
t1 = final temperature (°C)
to = initial temperature (°C)
ΔA= the change of area (m²)
Δt = the change of
temperature (°C)
 ;  ;    ;2 ;3
4. Expansion coefficient
C. Volume expansion
V1  Vo
 
Vo (t1  t o )
OR
V

Vo x t
Manner:
γ = volume expansion coefficient
V1= final volume(m³)
Vo= initial volume(m³)
t1 = final temperature (°C)
to = initial temperature (°C)
ΔV= the change of volume (m³)
Δt = the change of temperature
(°C)
 ;  ;    ;2 ;3
P.t  m.c.T
5. Heat
Heat to increase
Q = m.c.∆t
Manner:
Q
m
c
Δt
L
U
tc
Heat to change state of solid to liquid
Q = m.L
Heat to change state of solid to gas
Q= m.U
100°C
B
Black Asas
A
Q1=Q2
m1.c1.(t1-tc) = m2.c2.(tc-t2)
D
1 kalori = 4,2 Joule
1 Joule = o,24 kalori
= heat (joule)
= mass (kg)
= specific heat of matter (J/Kg°C)
= change of temperature (°C)
= melting heat (J/kg)
= boiling heat (J/kg)
= x temperature
A=condensation
point
B=boiling point
0°C
C
C=melting point
D=freezing point
6. Motion

Velocity=displacement : time

Speed= total distance : total time
,
distance
30 m
11 s
6s
displacement
21 m
,
6. Motion

Uniform Rectilinear Motion
s = v.t
s = distance (m)
v = velocity (m/s²)
t = time (s)
6. Motion

Accelerated Uniform Rectilinear Motion
Vt = Vo+a.t
S = Vo.t+½a.t²
Vo=
Vt =
a =
t =
s =
initial velocity (m/s)
final velocity (m/s)
acceleration (m/s²)
time (s)
distance (m)
For decelerating acceleration has negative(-) value
7. Force
Force
F = m.a

Power
P = W.t

Work
W=F.s

F = force (Newton)
m = mass (kg)
a = acceleration (m/s²)
W = Work (Joule)
s = distance (m)
P = power (Newton)
t = time (s)
8. Pressure
A. Pressure of solid
F
p
A
p = pressure (pascal /Pa)
F = force (Newton)
A = surface area of object (m²)
1 Pa = 1 N/m2
8. Pressure


Pressure of liquid
p   .g .h
Hydraulic system (Pascal’s Law)
F1
F2

A1
A2
ρ = density of liquid (kg/m³)
g = gravitational acceleration
(m/s²)
h = deep of liquid (m)
F1 = force in roll 1 (N)
F2 = force in roll 2 (N)
A1 = Area in roll 1 (m²)
A2 = area in roll 2 (m²)
Hydraulic system is applied on car lift machine so
the heavy charge can be lifted by smaller force.
8. Pressure

Floating force/ force to up
FA = wu – wf
FA = ρ.V.g
FA = force to up (N)
wu = weight of object in air (N)
wf = weight of object in liquid (N)
V = volume of liquid that be
moved (m³)
ρ = density of liquid (kg/m³)
g = gravitational acceleration
(m/s²)
ρ.V.g are weight of liquid that be moved by
object when object is dipped to liquid
8. Pressure
Pressure of gas in closer place
P = Pressure (atm)
P1.V1 = P2.V2
V = gas volume (m³)
Temperature of air is considered constant
9. Energy


Potential energy
Ep = m.g.h
Kinetic energy
Ek = m.v.2
m = mass (kg)
g = gravitational acceleration (m/s²)
h = high (m)
v = velocity (m/s)
10. Simple Plane
Lever
warm. w = F

arm
.F
Mechanic beneficial
Lever
KM = w =F

F
Pulley
w
KM =
w
F
Sloping plane
KM = w =
F
s
h
w = weight
F = force

W=weight arm

F= force arm
KM = mechanic beneficial
s = length of sloping plane
h = high of sloping plane from surface flat
11. Vibrations
Vibration
Wave
n 1
f  
t T
n 1
f  
t T
v  . f
f = vibration frequency (Hertz)
T = vibration period (s)
n = total vibrations
t = time (s)
f = wave frequency (Hertz)
T = wave period (s)
n = total waves
t = time (s)
λ= length (one) wave
v= Velocity of wave
Hertz = 1/sekon
12. Sound
Velocity of sound
V  . f
V 

T
V =Velocity of sound (m/s)
‫= ג‬the distance of wave (m)
f =frequency of sound
T =period of sound
Ultrasonic wave
v.t
d
2
d = deep (m)
v = the velocity of sound (m/s)
t = time (s)
This formula can be used for measure the
deep of water (sea) or cave.
12. Sound

Resonance
colom  n( 1 )
4
n= odd numbers
‫ = ג‬number of waves
Marsenne Law
f = frequency of wave (Hertz)
1
f 
2
T
.A
ℓ = length of wide (m)
T = Force (N)
ρ = density of wide (kg/m³)
A = area of wide (m²)
13. Light
formula for concave and convex mirror

Concave and convex mirror
1
f  C
2
f,
concave mirror (+)
f convex mirror (-)
Si (+)=real image
Si (-)=virtual image
M > 1 image be bigger
M = 1 image larger
M < 1 image smaller
1
1
1


f So Si
f = focus distance mirror
C = centre of curvature
So = distance object from the mirror
Si = distance image from the mirror
Hi = high of image
Ho = high of object
M = magnifying
Si
Hi
M 

So
Ho
13. Light
Determine properties image of mirror
A. CONCAVE MIRROR
Object
Room
I
II
C
IV
IV
virtual, straight, be
larger
II
III
Reality, inverse, be
larger
III
II
Reality, inverse, be
smaller
R
R
Reality, inverse,
equal size
f
f
Isn’t make image
f
Object in R I,II, and
III
B. CONVEX MIRROR
III
II
C
I
f
Image properties
I
Object room + image room = 5
III
Image
Room
IV
Object in
R IV
Image that be formed
by convex mirror
always: virtual,
straight, be smaller.
13. Light
Lens (concave and convex)
A. Convex lens
Object
Room
B. Concave lens
Image
Room
Image
properties
O-f2
In front of
lens
Virtual, straight,
be larger
f2 – 2f2
In left 2f1
Reality, inverse,
be smaller
2f2
2f1
Reality, inverse
equal size
f2
-
-
Image that be formed by concave
lens always : virtual, straight, be
smaller.
Image
room
2f1
f1
Object
room
f2
2f2
V 

T
13. Light
formula for concave and convex lens

Concave and convex lens
1
f  C
2
f,
concave mirror (+)
f convex mirror (-)
Si (+)=real image
Si (-)=virtual image
M > 1 image be bigger
M = 1 image larger
M < 1 image smaller
1
1
1


f So Si
M 
Si
Hi

So
Ho
f = focus distance mirror
C = centre of curvature
So = distance object from the mirror
Si = distance image from the mirror
Hi = high of image
Ho = high of object
M = magnifying
13. Light
OPTICS
A. Eye
Myopia
100
P
PR
Hypermyopia
100 100
P

Sn PP
P= the power of lens (dioptri)
PR = Punctum Rematum (cm)
P= the power of lens
PR = Punctum Proximum (near point)
Sn = normal read distance (25 cm)
13. Light
OPTIC
B. Magnifying Glass
a. When the eye doesn’t accommodate:
Sn
M 
f
b. When the eye accommodate maximum:
M 
Sn
1
f
c. When the eye accommodates at distance x, the Magnification is:
Sn Sn
M

f
x
Sn = near point
f= focus of magnifying glass
13. Light
OPTIC
C. Camera
1
1 1


f So Si
100
P
f
Si hi
M

So ho
f =
C =
So =
Si =
Hi =
Ho =
focus distance mirror
centre of curvature
distance object from the mirror
distance image from the mirror
high of image
high of object
P = power of lens (dioptri)
M = magnifying (times)
13. Light
OPTIC
The similarity of microscope :
M = Mob x Mok
The similarity of objective lens :
M ob
hi ob
Si ob
=
=
ho ob
So ob
The similarity of ocular lens :
Eye accommodates maximum :
No accommodates :
Length of tube:
M ok
Si ob
Sn
=(
+1 ) x
f ok
So ob
S n Si ob
M ok =
x
f oc So ob
D= fob + foc
14. Electric

Static electricity
k .Q1Q2
F
r2
Q
I
t
F = Coulomb force (C)
k = constant of coulomb force (Nm²/c²)
Q = electric charge (C)
r = distance between charge (m)
I = electric current (Ampere=A)
t = time (s)
14. Electric

Dynamic electricity
W
V
Q
Coulomb law
V = different potential (Volt)
W = energy (Joule)
Q = electric charge (C)
R = Resistance (Ω)
ρ = Resistivity (Ωm)
I = electric current (Ampere)
V = I.R
Conductor wire

R
A
l = length of the wire (m)
A = Area of the wire (m²)