Matter
Essential Question: Are all objects composed
of matter?
Essential Question: Are all objects composed of matter?
What is matter?
O Defined as anything that has mass and
takes up space.
O Everything around you is made up of matter
O Awhat
chocolate
is made
up of matter
O So,
are cake
some
examples
of matter?
O Air around us
O Microbes, which you cannot see
O You are made up of matter
Essential Question: Are all objects composed of matter?
Matter continued
O Matter can be small or large
O All matter is made up of atoms and
molecules
O Objects can be made up of different atoms
O Example:
O Gold is made up of Gold atoms
O Salt is made up of two different atoms: sodium
atoms and chloride atoms
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Why are properties important?
O All substances have properties that we can
use to identify them.
O For example we can identify a person by their
face, their voice, height, finger prints, DNA
etc..The more of these properties that we can
identify, the better we know the person.
O In a similar way matter has properties - and
there are many of them.
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Physical and Chemical
Properties
O There are two basic types of properties that
we can associate with matter.
O These properties are called Physical
properties and Chemical properties:
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Physical Properties
O A physical property is a characteristic that
can be observed or measured without
changing the sample’s composition.
O Examples of physical properties are:
O color, smell, freezing point, boiling point, melting
point, infra-red spectrum, attraction
(paramagnetic) or repulsion (diamagnetic) to
magnets, opacity, viscosity and density.
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Physical Properties- Activity
O Provide as many physical properties for the
following:
Item
Sugar
Baking Soda
Copper
Physical Property
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Chemical Properties
O A chemical property is the ability of a
substance to combine with or change into
one or more other substances.
O Examples of chemical properties are: heat
of combustion, reactivity with water, pH,
ability of iron to form rust when combined
with air, the ability of paper remaining the
same after cutting it into small pieces
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Chemical Properties-Activity
O Baking soda with vinegar
O Pour the vinegar entirely into the beaker
containing baking soda
O Copper with ammonia
O Demo: sugar with HCl
Essential Question: How can physical and chemical properties be used to identify matter?
Observing Properties of
Matter
O Every substance has its own unique set of
physical and chemical properties
O The more properties we can identify for a
substance, the better we know the nature of that
substance.
O These properties can then help us model the
substance and thus understand how this
substance will behave under various conditions.