Building Stronger Bridges for
the Future
SCIENCE . TECHNOLOGY . ENGINEERING . MATH
The STEM that Bridges
Math and Science Integration
http://classroom.jc-schools.net/coleytech/
Jan Coley
Jefferson County Schools
Jefferson County Tennessee
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Directions for Card Trick
Remove the Face cards and the 10s. The Aces
have a value of one (1).
Have a student draw a card and look at the card
and place it on the table ( In the tens place).
Next, you draw a card and remember the
number and place in next to the other card (in
the ones place).
Multiply the number on your card by 2
Add 2
Multiply by 5
Subtract the difference in your card and ten
(student may use a calculator if necessary).
• Ask for the number
• Have the person turn over the card the
that should be the number.
Here is the Math (Algebra)!
Let X = student’s card
Let Y = your card
5(2X + 2)
10X + 10 - Y
tens
ones
Blueprint for Building Bridges
• Overview – Goals and Objectives
• Integrating Math and Science
– Activities
• Peanuts
• Punnett Squares
– Tools
• TI Graphing Calculators
• Logger Pro
– Online resources
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pH
Exponential growth
Surface area
DNA gel analysis
Using Internet Data Meaningfully
Classrooms That Excel Resources
Create a Graph
Math and Science Integration: The STEM that Bridges
• Wrap up and review
Goals and Objectives
• Why is teaching of math and science
together (integrating) important for
education?
• Provide a sampling of tools needed for
success in integrating math and
science.
• Provide the opportunity for practical
experience and examples to use with
your students.
Math is the language of science.
Effective science can not be taught
without math and math should
not be taught without science.
There is a crisis in American Education!
Shortage of highly qualified math and
science teachers.
A decline in the number of PhDs in
math/science related fields.
A decline in the interest of students for
math/science related fields.
A shortage of people entering the
workforce with math/science skills.
Lack the ability to problem solve.
• The National Science Education Standards
indicate that "the relationship between science
and technology is so close that any presentation
of science without developing an understanding
of technology would portray an inaccurate
picture of science" (National Research Council,
[NRC], 1996, p. 190; see also American
Association for the Advancement of Science
[AAAS], 1990). Consequently, teachers need to
be prepared to integrate technology into their
teaching.
What about Tennessee and the
United States?
For success in
college on ACT
% of TN
Students
% of TN
Students
(Benchmark Score)
English
18
Math
22
33%
43%
Science
24
23%
28%
Social
Studies
21
From: www. act.org /news (August 2007)
What can I do as a teacher?
Change an attitude:
Workforce readiness = college
readiness
Use Technology
Create an environment that uses
authentic data acquisition, applications
to real world experiences, problem
solving, and activity.
Science and Math must work
together to:
• Improve the quality of education
• Improve the quality of the
workplace
• Improve the quality of life
• Increase the interest of students in
math and science related fields
Activities for the Classroom
Variation in Peanuts
1. Take three (3) peanuts and measure to the
nearest tenth of a centimeter. Break the
shells and measure the individual peanuts.
Record your data.
2. Post your findings to the graphs on the wall.
3. What is the Range for shells? For peanuts?
4. What is the mode for shells? For peanuts?
5. In a group of four, using the graphing
calculator, calculate the average shell size
for your group and the average peanut size
for your group.
Sample data table
Variations:
Punnett Squares
• Looking at a
monohybrid cross,
there are two
possibilities.
– A (dominate)
– a (recessive)
• Relate this to
squaring of a
binomial.
– (A + a)2 =
– A2 + 2Aa + a2
A
a
A
AA
Aa
a
Aa
aa
Always 1:2:1 or
¼ AA:1/2 Aa:1/4 aa
A
Dihybrid Cross
WwDd X
WwDd
WD
Wd
wD
wd
WD
WWDD
WWDd
WwDD
WwDd
Wd
WWDd
WWdd
WwDd
Wwdd
wD
WwDD
WwDd
wwDD
wwDd
wd
WwDd
Wwdd
wwDd
wwdd
Solving Tetrahybrid Crosses*
The genotype of F1 individuals in a tetrahybrid
cross is AaBbCcDd. Assuming independent
assortment of the four genes, what is the
probability that the F2 offspring will have the
following genotypes?
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aabbccdd
¼ x ¼ x ¼ x ¼ = 1/256
AaBbCcDd
½ x ½ x ½ x ½ =1/16
AaBBccDd
½ x ¼ x ¼ x ½ = 1/64
*Problems from Campbell
7th edition
pH
• What is pH?
• How is pH measured?
• What is the range of the
pH scale?
If a substance has a pH of 2
and another has a pH of 5,
which is more acidic?
Which has the higher
concentration of H+?
Answer
pH of 2 = [H+] of 1.0 x 10-2 = 1/100M
pH of 5 = = [H+] of 1.0 x 10-5 = 1/100,000
Subtract exponents = [H+] of 1.0 x 10-3
Or 1/1,000
Or 1,000 times greater
Problem # 2
A substance has a pH of 9. What is the [OH-] ?
[H+] ? ( Remember: pH of 9 is a base and
[H+] < [OH-] )
Answer:
The pH scale in any aqueous solution :
– [ H+ ] [OH-] = 10-14
A substance with a pH of 9 has a [H+] of 1.0 x
10-9 (1/1,000,000,000) and a [OH-] of 1 x 10-5
(1/100,000)
Data Collection Using Probes
• Advantages
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Time efficient
Easy to set up labs - Not labor intensive
Accurate data collection
Encourages inquiry based investigations and student
collaboration
Supports and encourages critical thinking
Incorporates the use of technology
Emulates real world experiences
Authentic assessment
• Disadvantages
– Cost
– Learning Curve
LabQuest
Data Collection Using Probeware
TI 84 Silver Plus
LabPro
What is needed to collect data?
Computer + Logger
Pro software and
selected probes
Computer +LabPro
+ Logger Pro
software + any of 50
probes
TI 83 or 84 family
calculator + Easy
Data or Data Mate
software
Mini USB
to USB
Adapter
from
calculator
to probe
Probe with
Mini USB
Using Probes to Collect Data
• The calculator is attached to the LabPro
• Plug in the LabPro to electrical outlet or it
can be connected to a computer via USB
port.
• Turn on the calculator.
• Select the desired probe and connect in
channel 1. The calculator should
recognize the probe.
• File
– New
• Setup
– Time graph
• Stop/Start
– Determine room temperature
– Blow on temperature probe
– Rub between hands
– Return to table and wait for data collection to
stop
• Graph
• File
– Save or store run
Analysis of Gel Electrophoresis
using Logger Pro software
• From the toolbar – select INSERT
• From the dropdown menu select GEL
ANALYSIS, from file
• Select the image of the desired gel
• Select PAGE from the toolbar and then
AUTO ARRANGE
TERMS AND CONCEPTS
ELECTROPHORESIS: Electricity (electro) + to carry across (phoresis)
Movement of materials through a gel.
AGAROSE -- Agarose is a natural colloid extracted from sea weed.
It is very fragile and easily destroyed by handling. Agarose gels
have very large "pore" size and are used primarily to separate very
large molecules.
GEL -- A suspension of tiny particles in some medium, like a buffer,
is called a colloidal dispersion, or a colloid.
BUFFER -- maintain pH (measurement of acidity), electric charge
( + or -) on dyes; conducts electricity (pure water will not conduct
electricity very well).
DC power (direct, non alternating current) – moves charged dyes
(usually negative) from anode (-) to cathode (+). Migration rates
and direction are due to size of dye, charge on dye, and the pore
size of the agarose gel.
http://www.bergen.org/AAST/Projects/Gel/
Loading DNA into Wells
Running a Gel
Gel image provided by Vernier Software & Technology
Set the Origin
Set the Scale
Tip: Measure the greatest distance possible to reduce error.
Set the Standard Ladder
Analysis Lane(s)
Finding the Surface Area of a Leaf
Using Internet
Data Meaningfully is
an awesome site for
teachers of math,
science, and social
studies. This site uses
authentic data for
students to research
and investigate.
Acid Precipitation
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Rain, snow or fog with a pH of 5.6 o less.
West Virginia has recorded 1.5
East Tennessee reported 4.2 in 2000
Occurs when sulfur oxides and nitrogen
oxides react with water in the atmosphere
– Lowers pH of soil which affects mineral
solubility – decline of forests
– Lower pH of lakes and ponds – In the
Western Adirondack Mountains, there
are lakes with a pH <5 that have no fish.
Acid Rain Activity WorksheetName _________________________
1. (3 points) Access the site http://water.usgs.gov and click on "Acid Rain" under
"Water Data".
Then scroll down and click on "Primer on acid rain – how it is measured and its
effects". Skim through this site.
2. (6 points) What is acid rain?
3. (8 points) Describe two negative effects of acid rain.
4. (6 points) In the United States, where is excessive acid rain the most prevalent? For
what reasons?
5. (6 points) Describe sources of pollution that contribute to acid rain formation.
6. (4 points) Access the site http://bqs.usgs.gov/acidrain and click on "View and
download data on
precipitation chemistry from the NADP/NTN". Then click on "Data". Now click on WI or
another
state that your instructor specifies. Click on one of the monitoring sites listed, scroll
down and click on
"Annual Data". You will now complete the "Data Selection Criteria" form.
Select 1989 as the start year, 1998 as the end year. For data type select "Precipitation
weighted means (mg/L)".
Be Patient…the download may take a little time!
Copy the graph and paste into Excel for later use.
Tip: Once you have pasted into Excel, always copy data to sheet 2 or 3 to
manipulate date. This will prevent possible contamination of original data set.
Enter data into calculator
Field pH
4.76
4.87
4.79
1992
1993
1994
4.72
4.69
4.92
1995
1997
4.71
4.77
Field pH for Wisconsin from 1989 - 1997
4.95
4.9
pH value
Year
1989
1990
1991
4.85
4.8
Series1
4.75
4.7
4.65
1988
1993
Year
1998
Useful Online Resources
• Math and Science Integration: The STEM that
Bridges
• Using Internet Data Meaningfully
• Classrooms That Excel Resources
• Create a Graph
• Articles on use of probeware in the science
classroom
• print free graph paper
• The Biology Corner
• BioEd Online
• Texas Instrument – Activity Exchange
• Vernier Software & Technology