Properties of Matter
Definitions
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Matter - anything that has mass and
takes up space
Mass - amount of matter an object
contains
Substance (pure) - matter that has a
uniform composition
– Ex. Sugar - C12H22O11
– Lemonade is not a pure substance
Properties of Matter
States of Matter (Solid)
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Definite shape
Definite volume
Is incompressible (atom or molecules
can not be pushed closer together)
Examples – coal, sugar, ice, etc
Properties of Matter
States of Matter (Liquid)
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Matter that flows
Has a fixed volume
Takes the shape of its container
Incompressible
Examples
– Water, milk, blood, etc
Properties of Matter
States of Matter (Gas)
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Matter that takes the shape and
volume of its container
Easily compressed
Examples
– Oxygen, nitrogen, helium, etc
States of Matter Video
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Properties of Matter
Physical Property
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An observed condition of the substance
Physical properties help identify substances
Examples include:
Color
Solubility
Odor
Density
Hardness
Melting point (m.p.)
Boiling point (b.p.)
Malleability
Ductility
Luster
Properties of Matter
Physical Change
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A change which alters a given
material without changing its
composition
Nothing new is made
Example
– Ice melting - new state of matter but
substance is still H2O
– Vapor - a substance that is in a
gaseous state but liquid at room temp
Change of State - a physical change
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Property
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The ability or inability of a substance
to rearrange its atoms.
Example
– Gasoline has the ability to react
violently with oxygen
Physical and Chemical Properties
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Properties of Matter
Chemical Change
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The actual rearrangement of atoms
Example
– The combustion of gasoline to make
carbon monoxide, carbon dioxide,
carbon, water (this produces a great
amount of energy)
Classifying a physical or
chemical change
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Ask yourself these questions:
1. Has something new been made?
– If yes than a chemical change occurred
– Indicators - color change, formation of
precipitate, absorption or release of
energy, formation of a gas
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2. What does it take to get back to
the original form?
– If a physical process can revert it back
than the change was physical.
A chemical change
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Classify the following as a
physical or chemical change
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A sidewalk cracking
Blood clotting
Getting a tan
Making Kool-Aid
Making a hard boiled
egg
Plastic melting in the
sun
Autumn leaf colors
Digestion of food
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The ripening of a
banana
Making ice cubes
Milk curdling
Turning on the
television
Making toast
Mowing the grass
Paint fading
Grey hair