Key Words
• United States/Union/North- all the same
• Confederate/Rebel/South- all the same
• Secede- to leave
Key Battles
• First Battle of Bull Run
– First major battle of the war
– South wins- proving the war
is going to be long and costly
– Top generals for the South
help them win
– Anaconda Plan begins (3
parts)
• Blockade all the southern
ports
• Capture key waterways
• Capture Richmond, Virginia
Key Battles
• Fort Donelson
– An example of the
Anaconda Plan because
its fought over the
Cumberland River
– Ulysses S. Grant leads
the Northern troops
– North wins here- gain
one key waterway
– Right after, they fight
the battle of Fort Henry
Key Battles
• Battle of Antietam
– One of the turning points of the
war
– Bloodiest day in American history
– Reason its turning point: because
it led to the Emancipation
Proclamation: said that all slaves
living in the CONFEDERACY were
freed. First time Lincoln ever
mentions complete abolition- no
slaves are actually freed.
• Makes the war a moral war
• Europe refuses to send any more
aid to the South (really hurts the
South because they have so few
supplies- really depended on
European imports)
Key Battles
• Chancellorsville
– Last major victory for
the South
– HOWEVER, the battle
has devastating
consequences for the
South
– Stonewall Jackson, one
of the their best
generals, dies as a result
of battle wounds
Key Battles
• Battle of Gettysburg
– The main turning point of
the Civil War: proves the
South is running out of
resources and will lose
– Bloodiest battle in American
history
– Lasts 3 days
– Later in November, Lincoln
gives the Gettysburg
Address: main point of the
speech is that America
needs to go back to the
ideals that they stood for in
1776…need to reunite.
Key Battles
• Battle of Vicksburg
– Example of the Anaconda Plan
– Turning point in war: north had
control of the Mississippi River,
which split the South in half
– Fought in Mississippi, right on
the Mississippi River
– Union troops surrounded the
city of Vicksburg, didn’t let any
supplies get in
– Citizens of Vicksburg that
revolt against the Confederate
military forcing them to
surrender due to starvation of
the Southern citizens
Key Battles
• Battle of Atlanta
– Union general William
Sherman capture Atlanta in
1864
– Then, he begins marching
to the Atlantic Ocean
– Burns everything in his
path- total war (when you
leave your enemy with
nothing
– Pathway was 300 miles long
– Called Sherman’s March to
the Sea
End of the War
• Appomattox Court
House
– Robert E. Lee asks to
meet General Grant so
that he can surrender
– Lincoln demands that
Grant give Lee lenient
(easy) terms.
– War is over- April 8th,
1865
New Technology
• Ironclad Ships- ships made from iron start in the
Civil War- totally changes naval warfare- wooden
ships disappear
• Minnie Balls: deadly new bullets- almost always
caused amputation when they hit a limb
• Telegraph: allow messages to travel faster than
ever before war
• Gatling Gun: first machine guns
• Photography: Matthew Brady becomes the first
person to photograph war showing ordinary
citizens how brutal war was
Other Additional Information
• Emancipation Proclamation: document that said
all slaves in the Confederacy were free; however,
no slave was actually freed by it does make the
war a moral cause and made Europe say they
would not help the south.
– Conscription Act: first ever draft (forced service in the
military)
– Draft Riots: people in the United States were angry
over the draft- riots especially in NYC
– 54th Massachusetts: All black military unit that was
created after the Emancipation Proclamation. Fought
for the North.
Other Additional Information
• Copperheads: Americans in the north who
wanted peace with the South- wanted the war
to end
• Andersonville: a prisoner of war camp that
served as an example of how few resources
the south had and how bad the conditions of
the war truly were
Reconstruction: An Introduction
• What is “Reconstruction?” time period where the
North tries to figure out how they can allow the South
to become full states again after the Civil War
• What challenges would exist?
• Write down:
– What problems do you think would exist after the Civil War
that would make it hard for the country to reunite?
– What do you think the North is going to do to the South in
order to allow them to come back into the United States?
Lincoln’s plan
• April 8th, 1865: End the of the
Civil War- Reconstruction
begins
• April 14th, 1865: Lincoln is
assassinated by John Wilkes
Booth
• That means: Andrew Johnson
takes over the presidency and
Reconstruction
• The basic idea: go easy on the
South- to make it not focused
on the idea of revenge
Reconstruction Begins
• Lincoln’s Plan: The
Specifics
 10% Plan: once 10% of a
state’s population
pledged loyalty to U.S.
government, then, the
state could begin the
Reconstruction process
 Never believed the South
had actually seceded: he
believed they were
rebelling
• BUT THEN…he’s killed and
so his plan never goes
into effect