1. Territory
A country’s territory includes the land and water within its boundaries and all of its natural resources. Modern countries
range in size from
Russia, with more
than 6.5 million
square miles (16.8
million sq km), to
Monaco, with less
than 1 square mile
(2.6 sq km). The
total area of the
United States is 3.7
million square miles
(9.5 million sq km).
This is a picture of the entire country of Monaco.
A country’s resources may be even more important than its size. For example, several small countries in the Persian Gulf
region are extremely wealthy because of their huge reserves of oil. The earth’s natural resources are not evenly distributed
around the world. This unequal distribution has led to conflict between nations. Throughout history, disputes over territoryland and resources- have been a cause of war.
Finding territory for a new country can be difficult. All existing land has all been claimed currently by individual countries,
except for two. The main exception is Antarctica. Even then, should you brave the weather and lack of "population appeal,"
Antarctica is managed by the most powerful
countries in the world, and it's unlikely they'll let
you just plant a flag and say, "Mine!" Second,
there is Bir Tawil, a tiny plot of land in Africa
between Egypt and Sudan, which neither claim.
However, there is very little appeal to this country,
due to it being only a patch of sand.
Pictured is the land area of Bir Tawil in Saharan Africa.
Alternative ways to gain territory for a new
country:

Conquer an existing country. There are many small island nations dotting the Pacific, and it's unlikely they have
much of a defense force. Sure, it's crazy—but crazy enough that it might just work! All you need is an army, a navy,
and the support of the world community—many of whom protect these small nations from intruders. This has been
attempted in the Comoros, Vanuatu, and the Maldives, but ultimately failed.

Buy an existing country. If you're wealthy enough, you can buy an island, though it's unlikely that the host nation will
just cede sovereignty to you. Look for areas that are otherwise unproductive for the local government. Chances are
that the local authority won’t have any interest in keeping a disputed, resource consuming territory that is otherwise
economically/politically unproductive. Again many of these regions are protected by the world
community. A more corrupt or destitute country might be more easily swayed, but even that is difficult:
There was an attempt to buy Tortuga from impoverished (economically poor) Haiti, but that thought
was rejected. There are some things money just can't buy.
At this point, you might be thinking there's no hope, but we've saved the best for last. As land has become scarce, but the
human need for new land continues apace, creative (and financially abundant) individuals have begun taking to the sea.

Build an island. The ocean, as they say, is the last great frontier. International waters are owned by no nation, and
this has spurred interest and activity.
o Example, the Principality of Sealand. Sealand, initially created as a
military base in the North Sea, off the coast of England during
World War II, is a football-field-sized structure that housed troops
and weapons to strike at German invaders. After the war it was
abandoned until 1966, when a rogue DJ named Roy Bates—tired
of battling the British government over his pirate radio station—
moved there to set up shop. The station never went back on the
air, but he declared the floating fortress the Principality of Sealand.
He raised the flag, named himself Prince, and his wife Princess Joan. Sealand withstood court challenges,
and remains an independent nation to this day.
o Palm Island Group. While not a nation, the Palm Island
Group off the coast of Dubai is indicative of the direction that
holds the most promise for nation builders. Extending out into
the Persian Gulf are 3 palm tree-shaped man-made islands
that opulent living for
the world's
millionaires and
billionaires. Do not
forget the new project
in the works to create
the world
2. Population
The size of the population does not determine the existence of a country. Countries vary
widely in both the size and the makeup of their populations. Some countries have vast
land areas that are largely unpopulated. Other countries are small in terms of land area,
but extremely densely populated. Some countries, such as India and the United States,
contain a wide diversity of people and cultures. In others, such as Sweden or Greece,
most people share a similar background, language, and culture.
As citizens of a nation, people are usually assured of protection by their government. In return, citizens usually must pay
taxes, serve in the military, or carry out other obligations to the government.
Top 10 Countries based on Population
Rank
Country
Population
1
China
1,343,239,923
2
India
1,205,073,612
3
United States
313,847,465
4
Indonesia
248,645,008
5
Brazil
199,321,413
6
Pakistan
190,291,129
7
Nigeria
170,123,740
8
Bangladesh
161,083,804
9
Russia
142,517,670
10
Japan
127,368,088
Nationless State- Populations without recognition
A stateless nation is an ethnic group, religious group, linguistic group or other cohesive group which is not the majority
population in any nation state. The term implies that the group "should have" such a state/country, members of stateless
ethnic groups may be citizens/nationals of the country in which they live, or they may be denied citizenship by that country.
Stateless nations are usually not represented as a nation in international sports such as FIFA, Olympics or in international
communities such as the United Nations.
To be stateless is to be without nationality or citizenship. There is no legal bond of nationality between the state and the
individual. Stateless people face numerous difficulties in their daily lives: they can lack access to health care, education,
property rights and the ability to move freely. They are also vulnerable to arbitrary treatment and crimes like trafficking. Their
marginalization can create tensions in society and lead to instability at an international level, including, in extreme cases,
conflict and displacement.
There are over 200 groups of people that fit in to the category of stateless nations. In many regions of the world the need for
an independent country for ethnic groups in Asia, Africa, Australia and America lost their self-determination by a result
of colonialism and suffer since then as a stateless nation (no country to claim). Many ethnic groups have become minorities
who have to live in a country that is mostly dominated by a majority. Because of the ethnic differences came in some
countries later to discrimination, ethnic conflict, separatism, ethnic cleansing, genocide and partition.
Stateless nations (people without a country) either are
dispersed across a number of countries/regions (for
example, the Kurdish people are found
in Iraq, Turkey, Iran, Armenia and Syria) or form the
native population of a province within a larger
country/region .Some stateless nations historically had
country, which was absorbed by another; for
example, Tibet's declaration of independence in 1913
was not recognized, and it was invaded in 1951 by
the People's Republic of China which claims that Tibet
an integral part of China, while the Tibetan
government-in-exile maintains that Tibet is an
independent country under unlawful occupation.
a
is
Odd as it might seem even places you have heard of can be stateless nations. Currently Scotland
is considered a stateless nation because it lacks its own independent country- currently part of
Great Brittan. Scotland is trying to become an independent country but they are doing it “politely”.
There are no terrorists/freedom fighters to speak of, unless you count the football supporters at
Scotland-England matches. There is a Scottish National Party campaigning for full independence, but it seems as if
most Scots are happy with the status quo, especially since some of the most visible symbols of the new Scotland, like
the new Parliament, have been outrageous examples of scandalous overspending and mismanagement of government
money. Here are the results of that vote.
Scottish Independence Referendum
Thursday, 18 September 2014
Should Scotland be an independent country?
Results
Yes or no
Votes
Percentage
Yes
1,617,989
44.7%
No
2,001,926
55.3%
Valid votes
3,619,915
99.91%
Invalid or blank votes
3,429
0.09%
3,623,344
100.00%
Total votes
Voter turnout
84.59%
Electorate
4,283,392
3. Sovereignty
A sovereign country is one that can rule itself by establishing its own policies and determining its own course of action.
A country’s sovereignty entitles it to act independently, deal equally with other sovereign countries, and protect its
territory and citizens.
Any country needs to be recognized by the world community. To do this, you will need other nations to recognize you.
This will require you to become adept at international law, politics, and diplomacy. If these are not among your strongest
skills, you would be wise to recruit a cabinet of skilled politicos to take on this task.
This is perhaps the most difficult step of all. Some nations, such as Palestine, Taiwan, and
Northern Cyprus have all the checkboxes checked—but are still not recognized by many
countries. There are no rules here—every country has their own standards by which they
determine recognition. Things that could have an effect on the outcome are issues such
as where you stand on al Queda, or communism, or capitalism. They might hinge on your
approach to human rights, or control of natural resources. In the United States, the
decision to recognize a nation is made by the President. Your request will hinge on who
occupies the White House at that time, and their policies and preferences may swing
wildly every four years.
Also, membership to the United Nations requires that none of the five powers US, UK, China, Russia and France veto
your membership. In other words, you will have to have neutral stands on controversial issues like Palestine, Taiwan,
Crimea, etc.
If you live near or in Europe, try applying for
membership to the European Union as well.
This will ensure your sovereignty in world
politics. Many countries have petitioned
(requested) membership to the European
Union only to be “wait listed”. For example
the well-established country of Turkey has
been a candidate country for over a decade
(10 years) and they sill maybe denied
membership to the EU club.
Indigenous Populations- by the WHO- World Health Organization
Indigenous populations are communities that live within, or are attached to, geographically distinct traditional habitats or
ancestral territories, and who identify themselves as being part of a distinct cultural group, descended from groups
present in the area before modern states were created and current borders defined. They generally maintain cultural
and social identities, and social, economic, cultural and political institutions, separate from the mainstream or dominant
society or culture.
Indigenous people have inhabited all parts of North America for at least 12,000 years, and prior to European
colonization were home to several highly sophisticated civilizations. Today there are approximately 5.2 million people in
the U.S., 2% identified as Native American, Alaska Native, or Native Hawaiian. There are currently 565 federally
recognized tribes in the United States, as well as several other tribes who are not federally recognized.
Tribal sovereignty in the United States is the authority
of indigenous tribes to govern themselves within the borders of
the United States of America. The U.S. federal
government recognizes tribal nations as "domestic dependent
nations". The U.S. Constitution/federal laws grant local
sovereignty to tribal nations, but do not grant
full sovereignty equivalent to that of foreign nations, hence the
term "domestic dependent nations". Tribal lands are governed by
tribal council laws they do not have to follow the same laws as
those used in the United States. Tribal law does not have power
outside of tribal lands.
4. Government
Government is the institution through which a society makes and enforces its public policies and provides for its common
needs. These needs include keeping order within a society, protecting the society from outside threats, and providing some
services to its people.
Though there are many countries in the world, there are only a few kids of political systems. Each system can be classified
according to its structure (How does the system divide power between the central government an smaller governments?)
and its basis of authority (who ultimately holds political power?).
FIRST: Levels of Government Power
To carry out their functions, governments are organized in a variety of ways. Most large countries have several different
levels of government. These usually include a national or central government , as well as the government of smaller internal
divisions such as provinces, states, counties, cities, towns, and villages.
Unitary SystemA unitary system of government gives all key powers to the national or central government. This structure does not mean
that only one level of government exists. Rather, it means that the central government creates state, provincial, or other
local governments and gives them limited sovereignty. The United Kingdom and France both developed unitary
governments as they emerged from smaller territories during the late Middle Ages and early modern times.
Federal SystemA federal system of government divides the powers of government between the national government and state or provincial
governments. Each level of government has sovereignty in some areas. The United States developed a federal system after
the thirteen colonies became independent from Great Britain.
SECOND: Types of Governments
Governments can be classified by asking the following question: Who governs the state? Under this classification system,
all governments belong to one of three major groups: 1. Autocracy- Ruled by one person; 2. Oligarchy- ruled by a few
people; 3. Democracy- ruled by many people.
AutocracyAny system of government in which the power and authority to rule belongs to a single individual is an autocracy.
Autocracies are the oldest and one of the most common forms of government. Most autocrats achieve and maintain their
positions of authority through inheritance or by the ruthless use of military or police power.
Several forms of autocracy exit. One is an absolute or totalitarian
dictatorship in which the decisions of a single leader determine
government policies. The government under such a system can come to
power through revolution or an election. The totalitarian dictator seeks to
control all aspects of social and economic life. Examples of totalitarian
dictatorships include Adolf Hitler’s government in Nazi Germany (from
1933 to 1945), Benito Mussolini’s rule in Italy (from 1922 to 1943), and
Joseph Stalin’s regime in the Soviet Union (from 1924 to 1953).
Monarchy is another form of autocratic government. In a monarchy, a king
or queen exercises the supreme powers of a government. Monarchs
usually inherit their positions. Absolute monarchs have complete and
unlimited power to rule. The king of Saudi Arabia, for example, is an
absolute monarch. Absolute monarchs are rare today, but in the 1400’s to
1700’s kings or queens with absolute power ruled most of Western Europe.
OligarchyAn oligarchy is any system of government in which a small group holds
power. The group derives its power from wealth, military power, social
position, or a combination of these elements. Sometimes religion is the
source of power. Today the governments of communist countries, such as
China, are mostly oligarchies. Leaders in the Communist Party and the
military control the government.
Both dictatorships and oligarchies sometimes claim they rule for the people. Such governments might try to give the
appearance of control by the people. For Example, They might hold elections but offer only one candidate. Such
governments may also have some type of legislature or national assembly elected by or representing the people. These
legislatures, however, only approve polices and decisions already made by the leaders. As in a dictatorship, oligarchies
usually suppress all political opposition.
DemocracyA democracy is any system of government in which leaders rule with the consent of the citizens. The term democracy
comes from the Greek dmos (meaning “the people”) and kratia (meaning rule). The ancient Greeks used the word
democracy to mean government by the many in contrast to government by the few. The key idea of democracy is that the
people hold sovereign power.
Direct democracy, in which citizens themselves decide on issues, exists in some places at local levels of government. No
country today has a national government base on direct democracy. Instead, democratic countries have representative
democracies, in which the people elect representatives with the responsibility and power to make laws and conduct
government. An assembly of the people’s representatives may be called a council, a legislature, a congress, or a
parliament.
Many countries such as the United States and France, are republics. In a republic,
voters elect all major officials, who are responsible to the people. The head of state- or
head of government- is usually a president elected for a specific term. Not every
democracy is a republic. The United Kingdom, for example, is a democracy with a
monarch as head of state. This monarch’s role is ceremonial, however, and elected
officials hold the actual power to rule.