What does it mean to
be “enlightened”?
To gain knowledge and
wisdom: to be freed
from prejudice,
ignorance, or superstition
What is the
Enlightenment commonly
referred to as?
The Age of Reason
What is “reason”?
To think logically
How did
Enlightenment
thinkers differ from
scientists?
They applied reason to the
“human world” not just the
natural world!
The Human
world includes
government and
law
Natural World:
Scientists applied
reason to it using the
scientific method
When was the
Enlightenment?
1600-1800
17th and 18th
centuries
How were the
Enlightenment and
Renaissance similar?
Both studied the ideas
and art of ancient
Greece and Rome.
What new form of
literature evolved
during the Age of
Enlightenment?
The novel
Tom Clancy is also
very popular today
The most
popular novel
author today is
John Grisham
Who wrote Don
Quixote?
Cervantes
Cervantes was from Spain
What was Don
Quixote about?
It was a story about
an idiotic knight--the
book made fun of knights and the
middle ages
What was
significant about
Don Quixote?
It was the first
novel
(fiction-- not a true story)
What Age of
Enlightenment
book did Thomas
Hobbes write?
Leviathan
A Leviathan is a huge
“sea monster”
What did Hobbes
argue was the best
form of government
in Leviathan?
Absolutism: to
manage behavior
Hobbes
absolute
ruler
The Leviathan, or sea
monster, represents the
all powerful government
Hobbes believed exist
to avoid chaos
Who wrote the Two Treatises
of Government?
The mystery
author!
John Locke
A. What did Locke
argue was the best
form of Government?
B. Why?
A. democracy
B. Locke believed in
democracy because he argued
the people were SOVEREIGN-the people have ultimate power
What three rights did
Locke say the
Government MUST
protect?
Life, liberty,
and property
What affects did
John Locke have on
the United States?
He influenced the Declaration of
Independence.
“among these
rights are life,
liberty, and
the pursuit of
happiness”
Who wrote The
Spirit of Laws?
Who is this author?
Baron de
Montesquieu
Montesquieu was
from France
What idea about
the structure of
government did
Montesquieu
express in Spirit?
“separation of powers”
--3 branches of government
Why did Montesquieu
advocate “separation
of powers”?
In order to avoid one
person gaining all the
power
(NO ABSOLUTISM!)
If Montesqueiu is
AGAINST absolutism,
then which thinker does
he disagree with?
Thomas Hobbes
A Leviathan: The
absolute government
What affect did
Montesquieu have on
the United States ?
Montesquieu influenced
the U.S. Constitution
The Constitution sets up three
branches of Government, just as
Montesquieu recommended.
What was Voltaire
famous for saying?
“I disapprove of what you
say, but will defend to the
death your right to say it”
What does this
quote defend?
Freedom of
speech and
religion
What was Voltaire’s
opinion on the
relationship between
religion and the
government?
“Monarchs can rule but
only if they act
enlightened”
There should be “separation
of church and state”
Church
State
What was Voltaire’s
opinion of the
relationship between
monarchs and ruling?
Who wrote
the Social
Contract?
Jean-Jacques
Rousseau
What does Rousseau
say about “The
Social (or society’s)
Contract?”
It is a contract
between the people
and their rulers
What does Rousseau
say should happen if
this contract is
broken by the rulers?
The people should rebel!
The Storming of Bastille
Liberty leading the
People
by Delacroix
List the Five
Enlightenment
writers/thinkers
1. Thomas Hobbes
2. John Locke
3. Baron de Montesquieu
4. Jean-Jacques Rousseau
5. Voltaire
Who wrote the
Declaration of
Independence?
Which
Enlightenment
thinker influenced
it the most?
Thomas
Jefferson
John Locke
What were the effects
of the Enlightenment?
(Use the acronym)
The Enlightenment had
some F.A.S.T. thinkers!
“I know the answer, I
know the answer”
Which Enlightenment
effect does the “F” in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
F.
Fueled democratic
revolutions around world
(American, French)
Bastille: The French
Revolution Begins July
14, 1789!
Signing of the Declaration
of Independence: July 4,
1776
Which Enlightenment
effect does the “A” in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
A
Applied reason to
the human world
(government, law)
Which Enlightenment
effect does the “S” in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
S.
Stimulated
religious
tolerance
“It would be
reasonable if we all
just got along,
wouldn’t it?
Billy Graham,Protestant, and
Pope John Paul II
Which Enlightenment
effect does the “T” in
F.A.S.T. stand for?
T.
Taught that our
rights come from
natural law NOT the
government
Natural rights
Name two famous
Enlightenment
composers of music.
Johann
Sebastian
Bach
Wolfgang
Amedeus
Mozart
What famous Enlightenment
painting is this?
Liberty Leading the
People
Lady Liberty
Who painted Liberty
Leading the People?
Eugene Delacroix