SPINAL CORD & SPINAL NERVES
MARTINI, ANATOMY & PHYSIOLOGY, 9TH
EDITION, CHAPTER # 13
LAB MANUAL, Exercise # 19
Page # 235
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NOTE:

THIS IS A STUDY GUIDE, NOT AN ALL INCLUSIVE REVIEW.

THERE MIGHT BE THINGS NOT COVERED BY THIS STUDY
GUIDE THAT MIGHT BE ASKED IN YOUR PRACTICUMS /
QUIZZES.

STUDENTS ARE RESPONSIBLE FOR READING THEIR
TEXBOOK (S) AND FOR ALL THE MATERIAL COVERED
DURING THE LABORATORY PERIOD, AS PER THE COURSE
SYLLABUS
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Competency 6: The Nervous System
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Upon successful completion of this laboratory, the students
will be able to demonstrate an understanding of the
structural and functional features of the nervous system
including the special sense organs by:
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Describing the structure and functions of the spinal cord
and the spinal nerves and their plexuses.
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SPINAL MENINGES
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Surrounds the spinal cord for physical stability
& Shock absorption
Wall of vertebral canal (no part of meninges)
Epidural space- contains fat and blood vessels
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imp for anesthetic injection
 Dura mater- outermost covering of spinal cord
 Subdural space
 Aracnoid mater
 Subarachnoid space- filled with CSF
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CSF- shock absorber
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diffusion medium for wastes, gases,
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nutrients & chemicals
 Pia mater -pia=delicate, mater=mother for nourishment
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SPINAL CORD
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Dendicular ligaments- prevent lateral movement of the spinal cord
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Conus medularis
End part of the spinal cord, like a conus
 Cauda equina- nerve fibers extending after

conus medularis, like a horse tail
 Filum terminale- to anchor spinal cord vertically by connecting it
with coccyx
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F- to prevent up & down movement
 Gray matter- it has nuclei
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Posterior (dorsal) horns –somatic & visceral sensory nuclei
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Anterior (ventral) horns-somatic motor nuclei
Lateral horns- autonomic (visceral) nuclei
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Grey commissure- to connect two sides of the grey mater
 Central canal (the hole in the middle)
Conteins CSF(cephalo spinal fluid)
 White matter- it has tracs or fasciculus
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Posterior (dorsal) white column (funiculus)
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Carry sensory info
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Lateral white column (funiculus)
Carry sensory & motor info
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Anterior (ventral) white column (funiculus)

Carry sensory & motor info
 Anterior median fissure- deep groove
 Posterior median sulcus- shallow groove
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SPINAL NERVES
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Posterior root- carry sensory info
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Posterior root ganglia- conteins sensory neurons
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Anterior root- carries motor info
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Posterior ramus (smaller)- carries sensory & motor info
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Anterior ramus- (thicker)- carries sensory & motor info
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PLEXUSES

CERVICAL
 BRACHIAL
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LUMBAR

SACRAL
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Peripheral Nerves and
Plexuses
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CERVICAL PLEXUS
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Serves or innervates neck & shoulder
Phrenic nerve- it extends below the shoulder to the
diaphragm.
It causes the diaphragm to contract
important for breathing
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Brachial plexus- serves or innervates upper limb and shoulder
Axillary n- serves deltoid & teres minor
And skin of the shoulder
(From anterior to posterior)Radial nerve- serves posterior upper limb
Musculocutaneous n-serves anterior arm,
biceps brachii & brachialis
Median n- serves anterior forearm
Ulnar n- serves anterior hand
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Spinal Nerves and Plexuses
The Brachial Plexus of the Ventral Rami
Major nerves of brachial plexus
Musculocutaneous nerve
(lateral cord)
Median nerve (lateral and
medial cords)
Ulnar nerve (medial cord)
Axillary nerve (posterior
cord)
Radial nerve (posterior cord)
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LUMBAR PLEXUS

It serves or innervates skin & some muscles of anterior abdomen,
buttocks, genitalia, anterior lateral & posteromedial thigh & medial
surface of leg and foot

Femoral nerve: anterior muscles of the thigh, flexors &
adductors of the hip, skin of the thigh(antero medial surface) & skin
over the medial surface of leg and foot

RECTUS FEMORIS
VASTUS MEDIALIS
VASTUS LATERALIS
VASTUS INTERMEDIUS
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LUMBAR PLEXUS & SACRAL PLEXUS
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SACRAL PLEXUS

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It serves or innervates: buttock (gluteus) &
posterior lower limb, anterior leg & foot
lateral leg, some muscles of genitalia
including external anal and urethral sphincters


Sciatic n (thiker)- serves posterior thigh
Common peroneal n (goes anteriorly)- serves anterior leg & foot

Tibial n (goes posteriorly)- serves posterior leg and foot
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Components of a Reflex Arch
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The Patellar Reflex
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REMEMBER!
GO TO THE TUTORING ROOM
AND PRACTICE WITH MODELS.
ROOM 3326.
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