DOMESTICATION
• Definition:
• Bringing animals under the control of
humans
• Great Event in human history: Why???
• Domestication brought with it the
beginnings of a more settled way of
life
THE EFFECTS OF DOMESTICATION
• Captive animals helped ensure a steady food supply
• No longer had to roam great distances for food
• Animals captured and confined until needed for food
• Others were not domesticated until they accepted food
from humans
WHAT DOMESTICATION LEAD TO
• Eventually, bred in captivity
• Offspring became more docile
• Breeds eventually developed as humans selected for
desirable traits
WHERE WE ARE GOING TOMORROW???
• Basic Anatomy
• Dog
• Cat
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• Digestion
• The process of breaking down food materials into
their various nutrient forms
• Then it can be absorbed into the animal’s
bloodstream
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• 2 types:
• Ruminant
• Forage-consuming
• Multi-stomached
• Non-ruminant
• Single-stomached
• Monogastric
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• Non-ruminant Animals
• Food passes from the mouth to stomach through
the esophagus
• Moved through the esophagus with involuntary
contractions
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• Stomach
• Function is to break down food material by:
• Muscular movement
• Secreted digestive juices
• Small Intestine
• Food passes from stomach to small intestine
• Primary site for digestion and absorption
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOLOGY
• Large Intestine
• Undigested food moves to large intestine from small
• Primary function is to absorb water from undigested
material
ANATOMY AND PHYSIOL0GY
• Skeletal System
• Provides structure and support
• Bones vary is sizes and shape
WHAT’S NEXT???
Nutrition and Feeding
NUTRITION
• Definition:
• Animals receiving a proper and balanced food and
water ration
• So they can grow, maintain, reproduce, and supply
or produce
• Work, eggs, milk, meat, offspring, fur or pelt
NUTRITION
• Nutrient
• Refers to a single food or group of foods of the
same general chemical composition
• Supports animal life
NUTRITION
• 6 Basic Nutrient Groups:
1. Water
2. Protein
3. Carbohydrates
4. Fats
5. Vitamins
6. Minerals
NUTRITION
• Water
• Is in every cell of the animal
• Necessary for:
• Respiration, digestion
• Transporting other nutrients
• Maintain body temperature
• Give body its form
• Carries away waste
 MOST important nutrient
NUTRITION
• Protein
• Necessary for:
• Development and repair
• Producing milk and eggs
• Developing the baby
• Developing antibodies
• DNA
• Broken down into amino acids
• Cats- need the amino acid- taurine added to their
diet
• Without, lead to blindness and/or heart failure
NUTRITION
• Carbohydrates
• Necessary for the following:
• Breathing, digestion, and exercise
• Producing body heat
• Storing fat
NUTRITION
• Fats
• Necessary for:
• Providing energy
• Aiding in the absorption of vitamins
• Providing fatty acids- essential in the diet
NUTRITION
• Vitamins
• Do not build body tissues
• Necessary for:
• Regulation of digestion and absorption
• Developing normal vision and bones
• Regulating body glands
• Forming new cells
• Fighting disease
• Developing the nervous system
NUTRITION
• Minerals
• Essential to life’s processes
• 7 macrominerals
• Calcium- bones and teeth
• Phosphorous- bones and teeth
• Potassium- regular heartbeat and digestion
• Sodium- nerve impulses, body fluids
• Sulfur- respiratory
• Chlorine- bodily fluids
• Magnesium- enzyme systems
WHERE TO NEXT??
Pet Housing
PET HOUSING
• How Much Space Do I Have for a Pet?
• Questions to consider:
1. Large breed or small breed
2. Active or quiet breed
3. What type of hair coat
4. What is the purpose
5. What price
PET HOUSING
• Physical Environment
• Where one lives
• Apartment vs. Outdoors
• Will depend on the activity level of the pet
• Can you take the pet for a walk/run everyday?
PET HOUSING
• Types:
• Cages
• Hutches
• Modular Habitats
• Playpens and enclosures
• House
PET HOUSING
Cage
PET HOUSING
Hutch
PET HOUSING
Modular Habitat
PET HOUSING
Playpen and Enclosure
PET HOUSING
PET HOUSING
Case Study:
Jodi is living in a one bedroom apartment in Minot, ND by herself.
She is working 2 jobs and has very little time for much besides
eating and sleeping. She is quite lonely and had decided to get a
pet. Luckily, her apartment allows pets. She has been allergic to
cats since she was little. She had a St. Bernard when she was
little so she wants to get another big dog. She looks at the ads
and finds that a German Sheppard is up for adoption not far from
her place. She falls in love with the puppy immediately and takes
it home as her pet.
1. Is this a practical choice for a pet?
2. What are some other pet options that may be better?
WHAT’S COMING NEXT???
Breeds!!!!
DOG BREEDS
• Groups:
• Sporting Group
• Hound Group
• Terrier Group
• Working Dog Group
• Toy Dog Group
• Nonsporting Dog Group
SPORTING GROUP
Labrador Retriever:
• Strongly built
• Very Active
• Active Water dog
• Retrieving waterfowl
• Short, thick hair
• Excellent sense of smell
• Smart
• Friendly/Good-natured
SPORTING GROUP
The Pointer
• Excellent Hunting
capabilities
• Outstanding
temperament
• Rustic looking
SPORTING GROUP
English Springer Spaniel
• Gun dog
-Flushing and retrieving game
• Affectionate, excitable
•12-14 years
• Balanced body with gentle expression
• Eager to please
• Quick learners and willing to obey
THE SPORTING GROUP
The American Cocker Spaniel
• Smallest of the sporting
group
• Proficiency in hunting
woodcock
• Cheerful, hardy
• Elegant appearance
• Excellent companion dog
• Lover of home and family
THE HOUND GROUP
The Beagle
• One of the oldest breeds
• Known as a “rabbit hound”
• Hunts in packs or singly
• Cheerful
• Friendly
• Lively
THE HOUND GROUP
The Bloodhound
• One of the most docile
breeds
• High sense of smell
• Follow a scent several
hours old
• Used to track criminals,
lost people, buried workers
• Affectionate
• Great with children
THE HOUND GROUP
The Basset Hound
• Excellent sense of smell
•
Used for trailing rabbits,
deer, raccoon, fox and other
game
•
Short legged, heavier boned
than any other dog
•
Gentle, affectionate,
devoted
•
Good with children
•
Capable of great endurance
and determination
THE TERRIER GROUP
The Bull Terrier
• Noted for great strength
• Agile
• Will readily protect
• Guardian of livestock,
mouse/rat hunter,
companion dog, guard dog,
watchdog
• Exceedingly friendly
THE TERRIER GROUP
The Fox Terrier
• One of the best known
and widely distributed
purebred dog
• Developed to hunt den
animals
• Noted for its courage
• Very trainable
WORKING DOG GROUP
Great Dane:
• Used for hunting wild boar
and bear
• Service as a battle dog,
hunting dog, cart dog,
watchdog, and bodyguard
• Dependable
• Spirited
• Couragous
WORKING DOG GROUP
Alaskan Malamute
• One of the oldest Arctic sled
dogs
• Clean, odorless
• Loyal, intelligent,
affectionate
• Needs lots of exercise and
mental stimulation
• Can be loud and rowdy
WORKING DOG GROUP
St. Bernard:
• Excellent pathfinders
• Excellent sense of smell
• Obedient
• Peaceful/quiet
• Extremely gentle and loyal
WORKING DOG
Great Pyrenees
•
Excellent sense of smell and
sight
•
Great size and strength
• Unbeatable guard dogs
•
Docile,
•
Faithful, loving, affectionate
•
Used as guard dog,
•
Guide and pack dog in ski area
•
Rescue dog
•
Messenger during war
HERDING DOG GROUP
The Corgi
• Used to herd cattle
• Past speed for such
short legs
• Agile/Balance
• Intelligent
• Alert/lively
• Affectionate
• Easily trained
HERDING DOG GROUP
The Heeler
• Australian Cattle Dog
• Courageous, tireless
• Longer than it is tall
• Puppies are born white
• Wide set ears
• Intelligent
• Needs a lot of exercise
THE HERDING GROUP
Australian Shepherd
•American-born breed
--developed to herd livestock for ranchers and farmers in the western US
• By nature, loyal to their families and standoffish with strangers
• Intelligent
• Very active, require a lot of exercise
• 12 – 15 years
• Deafness in later age
HERDING DOG GROUP
German Shepherd
• Courageous
• Obedient
• Loyal
• Originally for
sheepherding
• Used in times of war to
carry messages
• Rescue dog, police dog,
guard dog, guide dog
THE HERDING GROUP
Border Collie
• Sheepherding
• Devoted family dog
• Kind, sensitive, intelligent
• Protective of owner and
family
• Very versatile
THE TOY DOG GROUP
Chihuahua
• Smallest breed
• Companion dog
• Energetic
• Proud
• Loyal
• Intelligent
THE TOY DOG GROUP
The Pug:
• Compact body
• Well-developed
musculature
• Massive head
• Deep-wrinkled
• Loving
• Intelligent
• Easily trained
TOY DOG
Shih Tzu
• Chrysanthemum dog
• Chinese ancestry
•11-16 pounds
• Long silky hair
• Known for not shedding
• Stubbornness when training
• Excellent watch dog because
of alert and active nature
NONSPORTING DOGS
Dalmatian
• Use as a carriage or coach
dog
• Noted for intelligence and
adaptability
•
NONSPORTING DOGS
Bulldog:
• Used for the sport of bull
baiting
• Over history, used as a war
dog, guard dog, policedog
• Good-natured
• Dignified
• Royal/Aristocratic
• Loyal
• Clean
CAT BREEDS
Groups:
• Short-Haired Breeds
• Long-Haired Breeds
• Miscellaneous Breeds
SHORT HAIRED BREEDS
American Shorthair
• Classic tabby pattern
most common
• Extremely affectionate
• Great lap cat
• Easily disciplined and
trained
• Medium-large size
• Heavy built/well muscled
SHORT-HAIRED BREEDS
The Chartreux
• Large/robust cat
• Gray-blue coat
• Eyes are gold-copper
• Warm/friendly
• Highly tolerant
• Easy to train; quiet breed
• Clean, nonaggressive
SHORT-HAIRED BREEDS
The Manx
• Leans toward one-on-one
relationships
• Alert, intelligent
• Health, powerful
• Distinctive complete lack
of a tail
• Medium sized
• Solid compact cat
SHORT-HAIRED BREEDS
The Siamese
• One-on-one cat
• Extraordinarily
intelligent, talkative,
loyal, obstinate
• Unpredictable
• Medium-sized
• Long, refined elegant
tapering of lines
• Darker pigmented at
points
SHORT-HAIRED BREEDS
The Snowshoe Breed
• People-oriented
• Follow owners
everywhere
• Excellent house pets
• Medium-large
• Solid body, well-muscled
• White tipped paws, white
chest, chin and muzzle
• Eyes a bright blue
LONG-HAIRED BREED
The Birman
• Very sociable cat
• Sweet- natured, charming
• Intelligent
• Medium-large size
• Sturdy, stocky cat
• Eyes are round
• Coat is long and silky
• Hair requires little care
LONG-HAIRED BREED
The Maine Coon
• Loveable and friendly
• Enjoys companionship
• Tiny voice that squeaks
and chirps
• Large sized cat
• Fur on tail is especially
long
• Oldest natural breed in
North America
LONG-HAIRED BREEDS
The Persian Breed
• Medium-large in size
• Short, compact body
• Large head with small ears
that are round tipped
• Short nose
• Well-mannered
• Easy-going, quiet
• Excellent companion
THE LONG-HAIRED BREED
The Ragdoll
• Limp and floppy posture
• Docile, quiet, and
composed
• Very intelligent
• Enjoys retrieving
• Large and heavy
• Head is moderately
wedged
• Large oval blue eyes
LONG-HAIRED BREED
Norwegian Forest Cat
• Exceedingly alert and
intelligent
• Responsive and loving to
its owner
• Must have
companionship
• Medium-large
• Moderately long,
powerful appearance
• Tail long and flowing
MISCELLANEOUS BREEDS
Siberian
• Semi-long haired
• Coat is soft and plush
• Considered intelligent,
playful, and
affectionate
• Very agile
• Can leap great
distances and heights
• Powerfully built
MEAT
New Zealand
• Most common meat breed
• 9-12 pounds
• Many signature dishes around the US
MEAT
Californian
• White fur with black spots
• 8-12 pounds
• Cross of Chincilla and New Zealand Whites
• Blocky structure
MEAT
American Chinchilla
• Stocky body
• Meat may weigh up to 9 pounds
• Preferred for roasting and barbeque
FIBER
Angora
•Originated in Turkey
• long, soft wool
• Popular with French royalty
• 11 microns in diameter
--finer and softer than cashmere
• Calm and docile
• Grooming is necessary to prevent from matting and
WOOL
Jersey Wooly
• New Jersey
• Cross of the Netherland Dwarf and French Angora
• Small bodied (3 lbs)
• Easy-care wool
• Docile temperament
OTHER
Dutch
• Hollander
• Easily identifiable by its characteristics
• No bigger than 5.5 lbs
• Easy-going
--easy to train and friendly
--great domestic pet
OTHER
Netherland Dwarf
• One of the most popular breeds
• Originated in the Netherlands
• Show rabbit
• Exhibition animals
• Very small (3.5 pounds)
OTHER
Lop
• Developed in England
• Oldest breeds
• 11 pounds
• Wide range of color patterns
• “Dogs of the rabbit world”
OTHER
Rex
• Plush, velvet-like fur
• 7.5-10.5 pounds
• Broader head & smaller feet
• Slender bodies
OTHER
Polish
• Dwarf breed
• Show rabbit
• Originated in England
• Many colors
• Shorter ears
WHAT’S HAPPENING TOMORROW?
Proper Pet Care
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Types of Food
• Dry
• Semi-moist
• Canned
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Types of Dog Food
• Dry Foods- 10% moisture
• Corn, Soybean meal, meat, bone meal
• Nutrient Composition
• 23% protein
• 9% fat
• 6% fiber
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Types of Dog Food
• Semi-Moist- 30% moisture
• Corn, meat by-products, soybean meal, corn syrup
• Nutrient Composition
• 25% protein
• 9% fat
• 4% fiber
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Types of Dog Food
• Canned- 75% moisture
• Ration-type: Barley, meat by-products, wheat grain, soy flour
• Meat type: meat by-products, meat, poultry, soy flour
• Nutrient Composition
• Ration type:
• 30% protein, 16% fat, 8% fiber
• Meat type:
• 44% protein, 32% fat, 4% fiber
FEEDING DOGS
Rations
• Pregnant and Lactating Females
• Amount increases as her weight increases
• 35-50% more food than before
• Should be fed three to four evenly spaced meals
• After birth:
• 2-3 times as much food
• 3-4 meals per day
DOG CARE PRACTICES
General Care
• Weaning
• Begins at 3 weeks of age
• Can be done gradually
• Should be completed at 6 weeks of age
• Feeding Puppies
• Special puppy formulas
• High in protein
DOG CARE PRACTICES
General Care
• Feeding Older Dogs
• Metabolism slows= need for calories decreases
• Should receive smaller meals- easier to digest
• Several times a day
DOG CARE PRACTICES
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Exercise
• Amount of exercise varies according to:
• Size of animal
• Age
• Breed
• What the dog is being used for
• Even small apartment dogs should be allowed some freedom to
move around and exercise
DOG CARE PRACTICES
Exercise
• Guidelines
• Do not exercise within 2 hours of large meal
• Physical examination
• Condition dog before strenuous exercise
• Watch for signs of fatiuge
CAT CARE PRACTICES
Feeding
• Cats are true carnivores
• Require almost twice as much protein in diet as dogs
• Diet
• 30-40% of diet should be animal-type proteins
• About 10% fat
• Do not feed cats Dog Food
CAT CARE PRACTICES
Exercise
• Varies depending on breed and where its home is
• Indoor cats should be furnished with toys, cardboard tubes, or
other play equipment to provide exercise
CAT CARE PRACTICES
General Cat Care
• Clean litter box
• Scratching post
• Cats scratch to sharpen claws and remove loose scales
• Hair care
• Cats fur usually sheds in spring and fall
• Long-haired cats should receive daily care
TOMORROW’S AGENDA….
Choosing Your Pet
CHOOSING THE PET FOR YOU
Keep in mind all that we have talked about so far!!!
• Nutrition
• Anatomy/Physiology
• Breeds
• Housing
• General Care
MOVING ON….
Training Your Pet
TRAINING YOUR DOG
How do you determine the type and amount?
• Depends on what the dog is going to be used for
• All dogs should learn 5 basic commands:
• Heel
• Sit
• Down
• Stay
• Come
TRAINING YOUR DOG
When should training begin?
• As soon as the puppy arrives home
• Should learn its name
• Basic corrective “no” command
• Praise words, “good boy/girl”
• Must learn what types of behaviors are acceptable and not
TRAINING YOUR DOG
House- Breaking or House-Training
• Take the puppy outside several times a day
• Or shortly after eating
• Praise the puppy when it eliminates and bring it back in
• If an accident occurs, scold the puppy and take the puppy
outside
TRAINING YOUR DOG
House-Breaking or House-Training
• Paper training
• Laying newspaper layers on the floor
• Confine the puppy to the newspaper until it relieves itself
• Area made smaller as puppy progresses
TRAINING YOUR DOG
Obedience training
• Should be held once or twice a day
• Be short in the beginning and gradually increase
• Basic Commands
• Heel- follows beside the handler
• Sit- may have to push on dogs rump at first
• Stay- hold hand out in front of you with a stop signal
• Lie- help dog first time to ease down
• Come- eagerly obeyed
TRAINING YOUR DOG
More Specialized trainings available:
• Hunting
• Police dog
• Guide dog
• Search dog
TRAINING YOUR CAT
Toilet Training
• Easier than with dogs
• Cats naturally cover their feces and urine
• If a cat does not know what a litter box is:
• Hold its front paws and show it how to scratch in the litter
material
• Every time it looks like it will defecate, place the cat in the
litter box
TRAINING YOUR CAT
Other training possibilities:
• Sit
• Beg
• Jump through hoops
• Other tricks