IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
What we will be able to do?
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Fast Track Introduction
Router Con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface e0
Router(config-if)#ip address 191.20.10.1 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Ethernet0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface s0
Router(config-if)#ip address 192.30.10.5 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0, changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#show ip route
Codes: C - connected, S - static, I - IGRP, R - RIP, M - mobile, B - BGP
D - EIGRP, EX - EIGRP external, O - OSPF, IA - OSPF inter area
N1 - OSPF NSSA external type 1, N2 - OSPF NSSA external type 2
E1 - OSPF external type 1, E2 - OSPF external type 2, E - EGP
i - IS-IS, L1 - IS-IS level-1, L2 - IS-IS level-2, * - candidate default
U - per-user static route, o - ODR
Gateway of last resort is not set
C
191.20.10.0 is directly connected, Ethernet0
C
192.30.10.0 is directly connected, Serial0
Router#
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
• Cisco Internetwork Operating System
(IOS)
– Provides a command-line interface (CLI),
which allows network operators to check the
status of the router and network
administrators to manage and configure the
router
– The software that interprets the command is
called the command executive (or EXEC)
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Overview Of Router Modes
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
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Editing and Help Features
• Type in (?) at any prompt to list all the
commends available form that prompt.
Router>?
Exec commands:
access-enable
--More--.
Create a temporary Access-List entry
• Type in (?) after a command to find the next
command in the string.
Router>ping ?
WORD
Ping destination address or hostname
apollo
Apollo echo
appletalk Appletalk echo
.
.
• To find commands that starts with certain letter,
use the letter and question mark (?).
Router>c?
clear clock configure connect copy
IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
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• Command History
– Up arrow
– Down arrow
– show history
– show terminal
last command entered
previous command entered
last 10 command
terminal configurations
• Enhanced Editing Commands
IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Setting Passwords
• There are five passwords that can be set on a
Cisco router:
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
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• Enable Password
Router(config)#enable password easy
Router(config)#enable secret easy
• Auxiliary Password
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
Router(config)#line aux ?
<0-0> First Line number
Router(config)#line aux 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password easy
• Console Password
Router(config)#line console ?
<0-0> First Line number
Router(config)#line console 0
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password easy
• Telnet Password
End with CNTL/Z.
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• Telnet Password
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
Router(config)#line ?
<0-6>
First Line number
aux
Auxiliary line
console Primary terminal line
vty
Virtual terminal
Router(config)#line
% Incomplete command.
Router(config)#line vty ?
<0-197> First Line number
Router(config)#line vty 0 4
Router(config-line)#login
Router(config-line)#password easy
Router(config-line)#
• Encrypting Your Password
Router#show running-config
Router#configure terminal
Router(config)#service password-encryption
Router(config)#no service password-encryption
Router(config)#^Z
End with CNTL/Z.
IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Banners
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#banner ?
LINE
c banner-text c, where 'c' is a delimiting character
exec
Set EXEC process creation banner
incoming Set incoming terminal line banner
login
Set login banner
motd
Set Message of the Day banner
Router(config)#banner motd #
Enter TEXT message. End with the character '#'.
Get away from my router!
#
Router(config)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
Router#exit
Router Con0 is now available
Press RETURN to get started.
Get away from my router.
• Exec Banner
• Incoming Banner
• Login Banner
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Interfaces
• Ethernet, serial, console, and auxiliary
interfaces, the router can have other types
of interfaces, including:
– Token Ring
– Basic Rate Interface (BRI)
– Asynchronous Transfer Mode (ATM)
– Fiber Distributed Data Interface (FDDI)
– Channel Interface Processor (CIP) for System
Network Architecture (SNA)
– High-Speed Serial Interface (HSSI)
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
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Bringing Up an Interface and
Configuring an IP Address
Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line.
CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#interface serial ?
<0-1> Serial interface number
End with
Router(config)#interface serial 0
Router(config-if)#ip address 172.16.10.2 255.255.255.0
Router(config-if)#no shutdown
%LINEPROTO-5-UPDOWN: Line protocol on Interface Serial0,
changed state to up
%LINK-3-UPDOWN: Interface Serial0, changed state to up
Router(config-if)#^Z
Router#
IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Host Names and Descriptions
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Router>enable
Router#configure terminal
Enter configuration commands, one per line. End with CNTL/Z.
Router(config)#hostname nopass
nopass(config)#interface e0
nopass(config-if)#description irondoor
nopass(config-if)#^Z
%SYS-5-CONFIG_I: Configured from console by console
nopass#
nopass#
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Viewing and Saving Configuration
nopass#copy running-config startup-config
Destination filename [startup-config]?
nopass#show running-config
nopass# ping ?
nopass#show interface s0
nopass#show ip interface
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
• A router can be accessed in several different
ways
– Each of these methods involves access through on
of three lines
• Network administrators typically access the
router directly through the console port
(also known as the console) located on the
back of the router
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
• The console port connects directly to a PC
through an RJ-45 to RJ-45 rollover cable
with an RJ-45 to DB-9 or RJ-45 to DB-25
connector included with the router
– Whether you select the DB-9 or DB-25 connector will
depend on the type of port on the back of the router
• The second line used to access the router is
through the auxiliary port (AUX)
– The AUX is also located on the back of the router
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
• In addition to the AUX and console ports, five
virtual terminals (VTY) can be used to
configure the router
• Accessing the router through the VTY lines is
the same as telnetting to the router
• The router can also obtain configuration
information from a Trivial File Transfer
Protocol (TFTP) server
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Cisco Router User Interface
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Connecting via Terminal Programs
• When configuring the router through the
console or AUX ports, you must first make
the physical connection
• Then you can access the router through a
terminal program
• There are many different terminal
programs that you can use
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Switch User Interface
• There are two types of operating systems
in use on Cisco switches:
– IOS-based
• Used by Cisco 1900, 2820, and 2900 switches
• Catalyst 1900 IOS-based operating system is the
switch model that appears on the CCNA exam
– Set-based
• Employed by Cisco 1984G, 2926, 4000, 5000, and
6000 series switches
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Router Components:
Flash Memory
• Erasable, programmable, read-only
memory (EPROM)
• Not typically modified during normal
operations
• Can be upgraded or erased when
necessary
• Content of flash memory is maintained
even when the router is rebooted
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Router Components:
Flash Memory
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Router Components:
NVRAM
• Nonvolatile random access memory
(NVRAM)
– Special type of RAM
– Not cleared when the router is rebooted
– Startup configuration for the router is stored in
NVRAM by default
– Stores all the user-defined configuration
information for the router
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IST 228\Ch4\Cisco IOS
Router Components:
RAM/DRAM
• Random access memory (RAM)
– Also known as dynamic random access
memory (DRAM)
– A volatile hardware component
• Information is not maintained in the event of a
router reboot
– Similar to how RAM operates in a PC
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