Photosynthesis and
Cellular Respiration
Vocabulary
ATP – Adenosine Triphosphate

Cellular Energy
ADP – Adenosine Diphosphate

Expended (used up) cellular energy; waiting to be
recharged.
Chemosynthesis

Using chemicals (instead of light) to make
food/energy.
Photosynthesis

Carbon dioxide (CO2),
water (H2O), and
sunlight make glucose
(C6H12O6) and oxygen
(O2)
Sunlight
 CO2
+ H2O  C6H12O6 + O2
Chloroplast

Organelle where photosynthesis occurs
Chlorophyll

Green pigment in chloroplasts that absorbs
sunlight
Stroma

Fluid outside the thylakoid where lightindependent reaction occurs
Granum (grana)

Stacks of thylakoids in the chloroplast
Thylakoid

Disk-like structure in a
chloroplast where
light-dependent
reaction occurs.

Contains chlorophyll
Stomata

Small pores on the bottom of leaves that allow
CO2 in and H20 & O2 out.
Light-dependent reaction

Sunlight & water enter,
oxygen & energy exit

Sunlight is used to break
apart water to make
energy for the light
independent reaction
and oxygen as a waste
product.

Takes place in the
thylakoid of the
chloroplast.
Light-independent reaction
Energy & carbon
dioxide enter, glucose
exits
 Uses the energy from
the light-dependent
reaction and carbon
dioxide to make
glucose.
 Takes place in the
stroma of the
chloroplast.

Calvin Cycle

Another name for the
light-independent
reaction.

Carbon dioxide and
energy are used to
make glucose in the
stroma of the
chloroplast
Cellular Respiration

Cells make ATP by breaking down glucose.
Glycolysis

Anaerobic process where glucose is broken down
to pyruvate

Takes place in the cytoplasm
Cytoplasm

Where glycolysis happens
Mitochondria

Organelle where cellular respiration occurs.
Krebs Cycle

Breaks down pyruvate
into carbon dioxide
and energy.

Takes place in the
matrix

Also called the Citric
Acid Cycle
Citric Acid Cycle

Another name for the
Krebs Cycle
Mitochondrial Matrix

The space inside the mitochondria where the
Krebs Cycle occurs
Pyruvate

A 3-carbon molecule made during glycolysis and
used in the Krebs cycle

Used in both aerobic and anaerobic respiration
Electron Transport Chain (ETC)

Occurs in the cristae
of the mitochondria

Movement of electrons
to make ATP
Mitochondrial Cristae

The inner membrane of the mitochondria where
the ETC (electron transport chain) happens.
Aerobic

With oxygen

Krebs and ETC
Anaerobic

Without oxygen

Glycolysis and Fermentation
Fermentation

The breakdown of
glucose without the
use of oxygen

Can produce lactic
acid or alcohol.
Lactic Acid

Created during fermentation & causes burning
feeling in muscles
Reactants

Left side of the arrow; Materials that go “into” a
reaction and are changed
Products

Right side of the arrow; Materials that are
created & come “out” of a reaction
Xylem

Vascular tissue of the plant that carries water
Phloem

Vascular tissue of the plant that carries food.