“The situation gained nationwide attention
in April 2001 when a federal judge ordered
a complete ban on all water normally
destined for some 1,400 farmers of the
Klamath River Basin, a large area
straddling the Oregon-California state line.
The farmers lost most of their crops, and
some went bankrupt. The land – including
several wildlife refuges in the area –
became a dustbowl.”
June 14, 2000
June 17, 2001
The Lower Klamath River 2002 Fish Kill
Scientific Investigations
The Reported Cause:
FACT or FICTION
Joseph C. Greene
Research Biologist
Greene Environmental Services
Presented May 23, 2006
Yreka, California
First reports of
fish deaths
were on
September 19
Dead Fish in the Klamath River
on September 25, 2002
Foul play revealed in Klamath fish kill
 The decision that led to the death of 33,000 salmon in
the Klamath River last year was made to help an Oregon
Republican Senator get re-elected, according to the Wall
Street Journal.
 "The largest fish-kill in America's history could have,
and should have, been avoided if it were not for the political
pressure put on scientists by administration officials looking
for political gain," said U.S. Rep. Mike Thompson (D-St.
Helena) yesterday after reading the story.
 Outlining several meetings between Rove, Department
of Interior head Gale Norton, Sen. Gordon Smith and top
Bush Cabinet members, the story said Rove drove a plan to
make the farmers happy to help Smith get re-elected.
The Daily Triplicate, Henion, J., 2003, Foul play revealed in Klamath fish kill , http://www.triplicate.com/news/story.cfm?story_no=1035
The Truth Regarding Political Pressure!
 A week after the Journal article appeared, presidential hopeful Senator John
Kerry requested that Interior Department Inspector General Earl Devaney
investigate Rove's alleged role in the Klamath decision, which Devaney agreed to do.
In a March 1, 2004 letter to Kerry, advising him of the results of the investigation,
Devaney said his investigators interviewed all the officials and reviewed all the
documents involved in the decision.
Devaney ultimately found that the administration process
followed in this matter "did not deviate from the norm."
"While we confirmed a passing reference to the Klamath
River Basin Project during an otherwise-unrelated
presentation to senior Interior officials," Devaney wrote,.
"we found nothing to tie Karl Rove's comments or
presentation to the Klamath decision-making process”.
The Truth Regarding Political Pressure!
Devaney concluded that the department conducted
itself in keeping with the administrative process,
that the science and information utilized supported
the department's decisions, and that no political
pressure was perceived by any of the key
participants."
There was virtually no coverage of these
findings in the mainstream media, although it
was widely covered when Kerry asked for the
initial investigation.
Foul play revealed in Klamath fish kill
 Water flows to the lower Klamath were not increased this year after
the gates were opened for farmers in 2002, despite pleadings by the Yurok
Tribe and its chairperson Sue Masten, that the tribe was given senior water
rights by the Federal Government in a treaty.
 Further evidence of the back-room finagling was outlined in the story,
which said a biologist for National Marine Fisheries Service, Michael Kelly,
recently asked for protection under federal whistle-blower laws.
 Kelly said "he was subjected to political pressure to go along with the
low-water plan and ordered to ignore scientific evidence casting doubt on
the plan," according to the story.
 "Today's Wall Street Journal sheds further light on what we have
known all along — that sound science was ignored in allowing dangerously
low water levels in the Lower Klamath Basin," Thompson said yesterday.
The Daily Triplicate, Henion, J., 2003, Foul play revealed in Klamath fish kill , http://www.triplicate.com/news/story.cfm?story_no=1035
The Truth Regarding Statements by a National
Marine Fisheries Service biologist!
The U.S. Office of Special Counsel (OSC) in 2003 determined
that allegations made by Michael Kelly did not warrant further
investigation and that the file for this case would be closed.
In a March 5, 2003 letter to Kelly, the Office of Special Counsel
declined to take further action on Kelly's claims, including:
 Kelly's allegation that a there was a substantial likelihood that
the government's decision to adopt its Klamath River flow regime
represented a violation of law.
 His claim that the fish die-off that occurred in 2002 provides the
proof that NMFS engaged in "gross mismanagement".
 Kelly's charge that NMFS engaged in a "gross waste of funds".
The Truth Regarding Statements by a National
Marine Fisheries Service biologist!
"After careful review of your comments and the materials
previously submitted, and consideration of the issues discussed in
our recent telephone conversations, we have determined that our
original decision to close the case was warranted," the Office of
Special Counsel stated in its letter to Kelly.
Despite this decision, environmental activists (and the MEDIA!)
continue to rely upon Kelly's allegations to support their argument
that Bush Administration policy makers "stifled" sound science
during the development of the Klamath Project operations plan.
Also often overlooked in media coverage of this matter is the
Administration's decision to direct the National Academy of Science
- perhaps the premier science body in the land - to provide guidance
in federal Klamath decision-making.
Dead Fish Tied to Policy Flaws?
Yurok Tribal Chairwoman Susan Masten addressing
reporters October 2, 2002 in Washington, DC about the
devastating impact of the fish kill on her people.
Dead Fish Tied to Policy Flaws?
Congressman Mike Thompson delivers dead Klamath River
fish to Secretary of Interior Gale Norton, Washington, DC
October 2, 2002. The lower river economy in his district was
devastated by the fish kill.
Final CA Department
Fish and Game analysis
concludes:
Low water flows were
at the heart of 2002
tragedy; and
Kill size is possibly
double the original
estimate
PRESS RELEASE, July 30, 2004
Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources,
Oregon Natural Resources Council, WaterWatch of Oregon
Commercial fishermen and conservationists today
applauded the release of the California Department
of Fish and Game's final report on the causes of the
tragic 2002 fish kill on the Klamath River.
PRESS RELEASE, July 30, 2004, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Oregon Natural Resources Council, WaterWatch of Oregon
The exhaustive, peer-reviewed report's primary conclusion-that low
water flows resulting from upstream irrigation diversions were at the
heart of the kill-is consistent with previous analyses conducted by the
U. S. Fish and Wildlife Service and the Yurok Tribe.
PRESS RELEASE, July 30, 2004, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Oregon Natural Resources Council, WaterWatch of Oregon
The California Department of Fish
and Game, has blamed the federal
government for the deaths of 33,000
salmon and steelhead trout in the
Klamath River in September
because it diverted "too much water
for farmers" last year without
leaving "enough flow for the fish."
A 63-page study released Friday
concluded that "too many migrating
fish crowded into a depleted river,
allowing the spread of two naturally
occurring parasites that destroy the
gills of fish. The salmon and
steelhead subsequently died of
asphyxiation."
The study also warned that
unless the U.S. Bureau of
Reclamation increases flows in
coming years, "there is a
substantial risk for future fish
kills on the Klamath River,“.
The bureau is the federal
agency responsible for
overseeing agricultural water
diversions from the Klamath.
PRESS RELEASE, July 30, 2004, Pacific Coast Federation of Fishermen’s Associations, Institute for Fisheries Resources, Oregon Natural Resources Council, WaterWatch of Oregon
Among the report's
key findings are:
"Flow is the only controllable factor and tool available
in the Klamath Basin to manage risks against future epizootics
and major adult fish-kills."
 "Increased flows...(on the Klamath River) should be
implemented to improve water temperatures, increase water
volume, increase water velocities, improve fish passage,
provide migration cues and decrease fish densities."
 "USGS has revised the average September 2002 flows
down to 1,870 cfs (cubic feet per second), which if accurate,
represents the second lowest flow ever recorded."
“Vogel told WorldNetDaily he
was "shocked" and "astounded"
at the department's conclusion
that the fish kill was due to
insufficient water.
"Let me put it this way – if it is [the cause], you
certainly can't use Fish and Game's report to
make that conclusion," said Vogel, adding that
the most "striking feature" of the report is that
"the Department of Fish and Game is building a
strong case for its lack of scientific objectivity."
WorldNetDaily, 2003, Bush plan to save Klamath farmers a mistake? Scientist disputes state agency’s conclusion that feds caused massive fish kill.
"They're trying to build a case – and I believe it's
a very weak case – by trying to attack low-flow
releases from Irongate Dam without looking at all
the factors in a holistic fashion that is always
necessary in scientific analysis," he remarked.
"There's a lot of speculation and a lot of innuendo
in their report, and a lot of technical information
that Fish and Game did not include," said Vogel.
WorldNetDaily, 2003, Bush plan to save Klamath farmers a mistake? Scientist disputes state agency’s conclusion that feds caused massive fish kill.
"Notably lacking from the report is an analysis of
the water temperatures that were present in the
Upper Klamath River downstream of Irongate
Dam during the time of the fish kill," he explained,
adding that the information was available.
"I did have water temperature thermographs in
the Upper Klamath River downstream of Irongate
Dam and I did examine the data – which clearly
demonstrate that the water temperatures from
Irongate Dam in the main stem of the Upper
Klamath were within lethal range for salmon."
WorldNetDaily, 2003, Bush plan to save Klamath farmers a mistake? Scientist disputes state agency’s conclusion that feds caused massive fish kill.
"Lethal range," he emphasized. "They were too high.
So Fish and Game attempts to build an
argument for increased flow below
Irongate Dam during early September …
but the problem with that is that even if the flow had
been increased the water temperatures were
unsuitably warm for salmon in the upper river.
In other words,
there was no place for the fish to go."
WorldNetDaily, 2003, Bush plan to save Klamath farmers a mistake? Scientist disputes state agency’s conclusion that feds caused massive fish kill.
And from another source we have this:
"The (farm) acreage hasn’t increased in 50
years, Keppen said.
The new water demands have
been created by regulatory
agencies seeking additional
water for fish habitat.”
A consulting hydrologist, Mark Van Camp of
Sacramento, told the water users an analysis of the
draft BuRec historic water flow study shows that
downstream flows have increased 30
percent over discharges before settlement.
That’s apparently because the irrigated
land uses less water than evaporation loss
from the thousands of acres of wetlands
that existed before the shallow lakebeds
were diked, drained and put to the plow."
In 2001, both the US FWS and the NMFS issued "biological
opinions" under the Endangered Species Act that required
higher water levels to protect endangered suckers and
higher flows to protect threatened coho salmon.
In an interim report released last year, the Research Council
committee found no substantial scientific support for the higher
water-level or flow requirements … The committee also noted,
however, that lower minimum water levels in Klamath Lake, proposed
by the Bureau of Reclamation lacked, scientific backing as well
Findings of the committee suggest that maintaining water levels
higher than that of the recent past is not likely to be effective in
restoring sucker populations. Similarly, the committee found that
the effect of higher minimum flows in the Klamath River on coho
salmon is unlikely to lead to their recovery, although higher flows
may benefit other species that are not endangered or threatened.
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
Broader Approach Needed for Protection And
Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
National Academies' National Research Council
October. 22, 2003
Instead of focusing primarily on how water levels and flows
affect endangered and threatened fish in Oregon's Upper
Klamath Lake and the Klamath River … federal agencies
charged with protecting the fish should pay greater attention to
other causes of harm … such as removal of migration
obstacles, improvement of habitat, and reduction of summer
water temperatures in tributaries.
"The continued emphasis on water levels in Upper Klamath
Lake and the Klamath's main stem is too narrow a basis for
the recovery of the suckers or salmon" … "The agencies
should develop expanded recovery plans that confront the
root causes of the fishes' decline."
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
The biggest
detriment to coho
salmon is
probably
excessively high
summer
temperatures in
tributary waters,
the committee
concluded.
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News
Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And
Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
To remedy this problem, cool water should be
procured -- by purchasing, leasing, or trading
for groundwater -- to re-establish lower
summer temperatures in streams, and woody
vegetation should be restored along the
tributaries to provide shade.
Agriculture, forestry, and road construction should
be managed to prevent further degradation of
tributary habitat in the lower basin, and …..
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
officials should consider removing the Dwinnell
and Iron Gate dams, which block access of coho
salmon to good habitat.
Competition with fish grown in hatcheries and
released into the river could be a severe
handicap to the recovery of coho salmon, the
committee noted, adding that hatcheries may
need to close or alter their operations if
adaptive management of hatcheries verifies that
current operations are harmful to coho.
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
The National Academies' National
Research Council committee estimated
that the research, monitoring, and
remediation outlined in its report would
cost about $25 million to $35 million over
the next five years ….
excluding costs for major projects
such as dam removal.
$$$
National Academies' National Research Council , 2003, News Release, Broader Approach Needed for Protection And Recovery of Fish in Klamath River Basin
Fish, which were once plentiful beyond any sense of potential depletion, are
now either threatened or nearing extinction, and will certainly be so in the
near future unless a real examination of the situation and decisive acts
replace the political and economic argumentation of the past few decades.
The process of re-licensing Iron Gate Dam has itself led to a more
intense focus by agencies, tribes and environmental organizations
of the effects of the dam and on dam decommissioning. This
concern with the presence of Iron Gate and other dams in the
upper Klamath Basin has led many organizations to request
information on the removal of dams. As listed below:
Oregon Department of Fish and Wildlife
California Department of Fish and Game
Oregon Department of Environmental Quality
National Marine Fisheries Service
California Energy Commission
National Academy of Science
California State Water Resources Control Board
Klamath Tribes
USDA Klamath and Six Rivers National Forests
Yurok Tribe
Klamath River Inter-Tribal Fish and Water Commission
Karuk Tribe
THE KLAMATH BASIN COALITION
The Klamath Basin Coalition is an alliance of local, regional and
national organizations dedicated to conserving and restoring the
biological resources of the West's once-great Klamath Basin.
 American Rivers
 Northcoast Environmental Center
 Defenders of Wildlife
 Oregon Natural Resources Council
 Earthjustice
 Pacific Coast Federation of
Fishermen's Associations
 Friends of the River
 Headwaters
 Institute for Fisheries Resources
 Klamath Basin Audubon Society
 Klamath Forest Alliance
 Sierra Club-Oregon Chapter
 Trout Unlimited
 The Wilderness Society
 Waterwatch of Oregon
 World Wildlife Fund
About 30,000 migrating adult
salmon were killed in the
Klamath River in 2002 by two
common pathogens that become
lethal to fish under stress.
Most of the salmon killed were chinook,
which are not listed as endangered or
threatened. Only about 1 percent (344) were
coho, which migrate later than chinook.
Studies by the California Department of Fish
and Game and the U.S. Geological Survey
showed that neither the river flows nor
temperatures that occurred during the fish kill
were unprecedented, and the committee
agreed that neither flow nor temperature
conditions alone can explain the fish kill.
Factors Contributing to the Decline of Anadromous Species
The decline of anadromous species, within the Klamath River Basin, can be
attributed to a variety of factors which include both flow and non-flow factors.
 Climatic change
 Logging
 Droughts
 Mining
 Ocean Temperatures
 Road building
 Fires
 Over harvest
 Changes in water quality and temperature
 Stream habitat alterations
 Introduced species
 Livestock grazing
 Reduced genetic integrity from hatchery production
 Irrigated agriculture
 Predation
 Disease
 Poaching
Department of the Interior, 1999, Evaluation of Interim Instream Flow Needs in the Klamath River.
What Caused the 2002 Klamath River Fish Kill?
The proximate cause of death was heavy infections of
two fish pathogens, Ich and columnaris. However, given
that these ubiquitous pathogens are normally found in
the Klamath River, additional factors must have
played a role for them to have become lethal.
The high density of fish, low discharges, warm water
temperatures, and possible extended residence time of
salmon created optimal conditions for parasite proliferation
and precipitated an epizootic of Ich and columnaris.
Based on a review of available literature and historical
records, this was the largest known pre-spawning
adult salmonid die-off recorded for the Klamath River
and possibly the Pacific coast.
USFWS, 2003, Klamath River Fish Die-off September 2002: Causative Factors of Mortality, Report Number AFWO-F-02-03
Klamath Water Users Association
Press Release: Fact Sheet
April 21, 2003
Study Shows That Klamath River Temperatures – Not Klamath Project
Operations – Are Likely Reason for 2002 Fish Die-Off
It appears that large numbers of salmon entered the lower Klamath River
earlier than usual, were exposed to two dramatic and uncharacteristic
cooling and warming conditions that were chronically and cumulatively
stressful to fish.
At the same time, riverine conditions in the upper Klamath River were unsuitably
warm for salmon because the normal seasonal cooling trend had not yet occurred.
 These data indicate that September 2002 was unique, but not for
the reasons portrayed by the California Department of Fish and Game.
 Until additional data is acquired on the topic, Vogel’s opinion is that
the combination of those factors is probably the most plausible
reason for the fish die-off.
Klamath Water Users Association
Press Release: Fact Sheet
April 21, 2003
"In my opinion, the best available scientific data and
information indicate that the continued operation and
maintenance of historical flows at Iron Gate Dam will
not jeopardize coho salmon.
Furthermore, in my opinion the operations of Iron
Gate Dam during the summer and fall of 2002 did not
cause and could not have prevented the fish die-off in
the lower Klamath River.“ Dave Vogel, Fisheries Biologist
Gill Rot Symptoms
Initially there are no symptoms
because the disease is out of sight
behind the gill covers but once some
damage has been done to the gills
the fish will begin to gasp at the
surface in an effort to maintain
their oxygen supply to their body.
the fish will also become
increasingly lethargic due to the
lack of oxygen.
The cause of gill rot does not
explain the blisters and boils
covering the fishes bodies.
Statement by Harold Tripp
Traditional Fisherman, Cultural Technician
Karuk Department of Natural Resources
“Last year, all the fish were sick I could tell because
they were bleeding, every time they hit the net they
would be bleeding before you clubbed them. And
after the river came up, about ten days later the fish
got better. So I think that if they wouldn’t have
released the water I think a lot more than 30,000 fish
would have wound up dying.
They had some kind of big boils on them,
and some of them, had blisters”.
John F. Salter, Ph.D., 2003, WHITE PAPER ON BEHALF OF THE KARUK TRIBE OF CALIFORNIA, A Context Statement Concerning The Effect of the
Klamath Hydroelectric Project on Traditional Resource Uses and Cultural Patterns of the Karuk People Within the Klamath River Corridor, Written
Under Contract with PacifiCorp in Connection with Federal Energy Relicensing Commission Proceedings Concerning the Relicensing of Iron Gate
Dam, Performed Under: Contract No. 3000020357
“Soon after the fish kill manifested itself (7-days), claims were
made that toxic substances may have been the cause. Water
samples were collected from 5 locations to determine if any
toxic substances were present at concentrations toxic to fish.”
“The scans tested for a broad spectrum of organic compounds including:
 Organochlorine pesticides (i.e., Hexachlorobenzene, DDE, Pentachlorophenol,
Trichlorophenol, Oxychordane, Mirex, Heptachlor Epoxide);
 Triazine pesticides (atrazine, simazine, propazine, and the degradants diaminochlorotriazine (DACT), desethyl-s-atrazine (DEA), and desisopropyl-s-atrazine (DIA);
 Polychlorinated Biphenyls (PCBs) :used in hundreds of industrial and commercial
applications including electrical, heat transfer, and hydraulic equipment; as plasticizers in paints,
plastics and rubber products; in pigments, dyes and carbonless copy paper and many other
applications; and,
 Glyphosate (a non-selective herbicide to kill weeds ).”
No substances were found at concentrations toxic to fish and therefore,
were not a factor in the 2002 fish kill.
California Department of Fish and Game, 2003, September 2002 Klamath River Fish Kill, Preliminary Analysis of Contributing Factors, p.45
One Fish Was Collected
for Gill Tissue Sample
Analysis for
Contaminants
Dead fish up Blue
Creek a tributary to
the Klamath River
A single moribund coho salmon carcass, measuring 77 cm Fork Length, was collected
by the U. S. FWS on October 3, 2002 (reports of dying fish began September 19), at the
mouth of Blue Creek for tissue analysis of contaminants. The carcass was immediately
placed on ice, then frozen and submitted to the CDFG Fish and Wildlife Water
Pollution Control Laboratory for pesticide and organic contaminant analysis.
Fish Tissue Sample Collected
for Analysis of Contaminants
The gill, because it is an active site of
contaminant uptake, was excised by the
CDFG for tissue analysis.
Their analyses of 1 fish tissue
did not detect any contaminants.
These analyses, although based on a fish
collected later during the fish die-off (15-days),
support the finding of no persistent toxic
pesticide, herbicide, or PCB congener in the
water at the time of the die-off.
USFWS, 2003, Klamath River Fish Die-off September 2002: Causative Factors of Mortality, Report Number AFWO-F-02-03
Why do you suppose that chemical analysis of the gill
tissue did not detect any contaminants?
The U. S. FWS Analyzed
a Gill Tissue for:
 Organochlorine
 Organophosphate
 Pyrethroid
 Carbamate pesticides
 Triazine herbicides
 Glyphosate
 Surfactants
 PCB congeners
A Methamphetimine Waste
Dump Might Distribute:
 Toluene
 Ether
 Drain cleaner (sulphuric acid)
 Car batteries (lithium)
 Red Devil lye (sodium hydroxide)
 Hydrochloric acid
 White gas
 Laundry soap
 Diesel fuel
The California Department of Fish and Game
(CADFG) and the U. S, Fish and Wildlife Service
(U. S. FWS) each separately concluded that toxic
substances could not have caused the fish kill.
In reality there's no way in the world that
either agency could reach that conclusion when
the water samples were taken by CADFG a full
week after the fish kill was underway and the
U. S. FWS collected their 1 fish 15-days after
the fish kill was underway.
Most significantly neither
agency analyzed for the
chemicals that might be
found in a meth lab dump.
An analysis of the wrong
classes of chemicals is the
equivalent of no analysis at
all and the analytical test
results do not allow for a
conclusion that “toxic
substances could not have
caused the fish kill”.
Table 2. Summary of fish counts
and estimated numbers of dead
fish determined from surveys to
assess the September 2002
Klamath River fish die-off.
09/20/02 Dead Count
Reach 1
732
Reach 2
1, 202
Reach 3
759
Reach 4
76
Total
2,769
09/24/02 Dead Count
Reach 1
18,345
Reach 2
8,590
Reach 3
5,411
Reach 4
1,014
Total
33,360
09/27/02 Dead Count
Reach 1
22,474
Reach 2
10,436
Reach 3
3,151
Reach 4
970
Total
37,031
%
26.4
43.5
27.4
2.7
%
55.0
25.8
16.2
3.0
X
%
60.7
28.2
8.5
2.6
USFWS, 2003, Klamath River Fish Die-off September 2002, Report on Estimate of Mortality, Report Number AFWO-01-03
Summary of Some Fish die-off Facts

Water levels in the Klamath in 2002 were higher
than water levels during three of the last 10 years.
There were no significant die offs of salmon in those
years when water levels were lower than they were
earlier last fall, suggesting that other factors than flows
may be responsible for the disease that killed the fish;

The number of returning salmon at Iron Gate
Hatchery on the Klamath River in 2002 was the THIRD
HIGHEST since records have been taken (1961).
100,000 healthy fish returned to upstream hatcheries and
spawning areas;
Klamath Basin Water Crisis, 2005, 2002 fish die-off FACTS & ARTICLES, http://www.klamathbasincrisis.org/articles/00FishKill2002.htm
Summary of Some Fish die-off Facts

The Klamath Project only represents 2% of the entire
Klamath River watershed;

Project releases from Iron Gate Dam represent just one of
over 100 downstream "tributaries" to the Klamath River
mainstem;

The fish kill occurred 200 miles from the Klamath Basin;

There is simply no scientific or other evidence to suggest that
increased warm-water flows in the Klamath at the time of the
fish kill would have provided any benefit to the salmon fisheries;

Most of the fish killed were Trinity-River chinook salmon.
Klamath Basin Water Crisis, 2005, 2002 fish die-off FACTS & ARTICLES, http://www.klamathbasincrisis.org/articles/00FishKill2002.htm
American farmers, ranchers, miners and property rights
advocates are forever continuing to fight for their very
existence. The impact on their families, their way of life and
the lifestyle they wish to share, and ultimately leave to future
generations, has more than one common enemy.
Most believe it is environmentalism,
but without liberal left wing media,
where would these radical earth worshippers be?
"They have no morals, no
integrity, and they don’t
care about us."
Pioneer Press, Barry R. Clausen, B. R., 2004, My Opinion: "Foreigners" in "Armed Boats" Kill Klamath Fish, Outside Magazine - August 2003