Daily Agenda 5/14/15:
1) Go over Notes: Respiratory System
2) Video: Into the Womb
Objective: How does the respiratory
system facilitate gas exchange?
HW:
1) Work on and Study for Final Exam
2) Sign up for Norco College ID(by
Monday)
Page # Week
111
35
112
35
113-114 35
Activity
Week 35 Daily Agenda
Notes: Respiratory System
Into the Womb Questions
Points
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/5
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NOTES: CHAPTER 23
RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
FUNCTIONS OF THE RESPIRATORY SYSTEM
1. Provide surface area for gas exchange
between air and blood
2. Move air to and from exchange area
of lungs
3. Protecting respiratory surfaces from
dehydration, temperature changes
and defending the respiratory system
from invasion of pathogens
4. Producing sounds
5. Facilitating the detection of olfactory
stimuli
BREATHING
AND RESPIRATION ARE
THE SAME THING!
NOT
BREATHING
Moving air in
and out of
the lungs
RESPIRATION
Chemical reaction that
releases energy

Two parts:
 upper
ORGANIZATION
respiratory system – nose,
nasal cavity, paranasal sinuses, and
pharynx
filter, warm and humidify
incoming air
cool and dehumidify outgoing air
 lower respiratory system – larynx
(voice box), trachea (windpipe),
bronchi, bronchioles, and alveoli
Pathway of the Respiratory System
 Nose
or mouth
 Pharynx
 Epiglottis (flap that prevents food from
entering trachea)
 Larynx (Voice Box)
 Trachea
 Bronchi
 Bronchioles
 Alveoli
 Capillaries (take oxygen to body)
NOSE AND NASAL CAVITY
Brings
air into the body
through nostrils
Nasal hairs in nostrils trap
dust
Nasal septum separates cavity
into right and left halves
NASAL CAVITY
 Warms
& moistens air
 Glands that produce sticky mucus
line the nasal cavity
traps dust, pollen, and other
materials that were not trapped by
nasal hairs
 cilia sweep mucus and trapped
material to the back of the throat
where it can be swallowed

PHARYNX
passageway
used by food,
liquid, and air
At the lower end of the
pharynx is a flap of tissue
called the epiglottis
 covers
the trachea during
swallowing so that food does
not enter the lungs
LARYNX
“Voice box”
 The airway to which two pairs of horizontal
folds of tissue, called vocal cords, are
attached
 Sound production

TRACHEA
 “Windpipe”
 Connects
the larynx with the
bronchi
 Lined with mucous membranes
and cilia
 Contains strong cartilage rings
BRONCHI
Two
short tubes that branch
off the lower end of the
trachea
Carry air into the lungs.
BRONCHIOLES
Tiny
branches of air tubes in
the lungs
Connect bronchi to alveoli
ALVEOLI
 Tiny,
thin-walled, grapelike
clusters at the end of each
bronchiole
 Surrounded by capillaries
 Where carbon dioxide and oxygen
exchange take place
http://mhln.com
PLEURA

Membrane lining the lungs and chest cavity
DIAPHRAGM
Muscle
between the thoracic
and the abdominal cavity
that the body uses for
breathing
INSPIRATION (INHALATION)
•Occurs because of air pressure
differences between the env’t and the
lungs
•Rib muscles pull ribs up and out
•Diaphragm muscle contracts to pull
down the lungs
•Tissue expands to force (pull) in air.
EXPIRATION (EXHALATION)
•Breathing out
•Get rid of carbon dioxide
•Rib muscles relax
•Diaphragm muscle relaxes
•Tissue returns to resting
position and forces (pushes) air
out
http://mhln.com
Breathing is controlled by the respiratory
center in the medulla oblongata
RELATIONSHIP TO DIGESTIVE
SYSTEM
Cellular
respiration requires
glucose and oxygen to release
energy to the body
 C6H12O6
+ 6O2  6CO2 + 6 H2O + Energy
Oxygen is provided by the respiratory system
 Glucose is provided by the digestive system
 (glucose is made during photosynthesis)

NON-RESPIRATORY MOVEMENTS
Air
Mechanism
Movement
Coughing
Deep breath is taken, glottis
is closed, and air is forced
against the closure;
suddenly the glottis is
opened and a blast of air
passes upward
Sneezing
Same as coughing, except air
moving upward is directed
into the nasal cavity by
depressing the uvula
Laughing
Deep breath is released in a
Function
Clears
lower
respiratory
passages
Clears
upper
respiratory
passages
Expresses
Crying
Same as laughing
Hiccupping Diaphragm contracts
spasmodically while
glottis is closed
Yawning
Deep breath is taken
Speech
Expresses sadness
No useful function
known
Ventilates a larger
proportion of the
alveoli and aids
oxygenation of the
blood
Air is forced through Vocal
the larynx, causing
communication
vocal cords to
vibrate; words are
formed by lips,
tongue, and soft
Factors that affect breathing
Factors
Receptors
Stimulated
Response
Effect
Stretch
Stretch receptors
of tissues in visceral pleura,
bronchioles, and
alveoli
Inhibits
inspiration
Low blood Chemoreceptors in
pressure carotid and aortic
(O2)
bodies
Increases
alveolar
ventilation
Prevents over
inflation of
the lungs
during
forceful
breathing
Increases
blood oxygen
concentration
High
blood
pressure
Increases
alveolar
ventilation
Decreases
blood carbon
dioxide
Chemosensitive
areas of the
respiratory center