The term central nervous
system refers to the:
brain and spinal cord
The Schwann cell forms a
myelin sheath around the:
axon
The neuron processes that
normally receive incoming
stimuli are called:
dendrites
Collections of nerve cell
bodies outside the CNS are
called:
ganglia
Neurons with several processes
branching off the cell body,
such as motor neurons and
interneurons, are structurally
classified as:
multipolar
The two major functional
properties of neurons are
irritability and
conductivity
During the _______state, a
neuron is polarized with
sodium ions outside the cell
and potassium ions inside the
cell.
resting
Immediately after an action
potential is propagated, which
one of the following ions
rapidly diffuses out of the cell
into the tissue fluid:
potassium
An action potential is caused
by an influx of these ions into
the cell:
sodium
The gap between two
communicating neurons is
termed:
synaptic cleft
The substance that is released
at axonal endings to propagate
a nervous impulse is called:
a neurotransmitter
The elevated ridges of tissue
on the surface of the cerebral
hemispheres are known as
_____ while the shallow
grooves are termed _____.
gyri; sulci
The midbrain, pons, and
medulla oblongata are housed
in the:
brain stem
Control of temperature,
endocrine activity, metabolism,
and thirst are functions
associated with the:
hypothalamus
The vital centers for the
control of visceral activities
such as heart rate, breathing,
blood pressure, swallowing,
and vomiting are located in
the:
medulla oblongata
The correct sequence from
outermost to innermost layers
of the meninges:
dura mater, arachnoid mater, pia
mater
Each spinal nerve branches
into a ventral and dorsal:
ramus
The function of the olfactory
nerve concerns:
smell
The nerve plexuses that serves
the shoulder and arm:
brachial
The sciatic nerve is the largest
nerve in the body resulting
from a combination of which
two nerves:
common fibular and tibial nerves
Smooth muscle, cardiac
muscle, most glands effectors
are directly controlled by the
____________ nervous
system:
autonomic
The matrix of blood is called:
plasma
physical characteristic of blood
include:
Sticky, opaque, heavier than water
What formed element is the
most abundant:
erythrocytes
The most numerous white
blood cells are the:
neutrophils
Platelets are fragments of
multinucleate cells called:
megakaryocytes
Where does hematopoiesis
produce new red blood cells:
red bone marrow
The average functional
lifespan of an RBC is:
100-120 days
The series of reactions that
stop blood flow following a cut
is called:
hemostasis
____________is a blood
clotting disorder.
hemophilia
The process whereby the
binding of antibodies to
antigens causes RBCs to clump
is called:
agglutination
The universal recipient has
blood Type:
AB
The layer of the heart wall
synonymous with the visceral
layer of the serous pericardium
is:
epicardium
Pulmonary circulation involves
blood flow to and from the
heart and the:
lungs
The right AV valve is known as
the:
tricuspid valve
What structure divides the left
from the right ventricle:
interventricular septum
The tricuspid valve is located
between the:
right atrium and right ventricle
Deoxygenated blood is
returned to the right side of the
heart by the:
superior and inferior vena cavae
The volume of blood pumped
out by each ventricle with each
beat of the heart is called the:
stroke volume
The path of blood flow within
the systemic vascular system
is:
arteries, arterioles, capillary beds,
venules, veins
_________ often have valves
to prevent the backflow of
blood
Veins
Both the right and left
coronary arteries
is a direct branch of the
ascending aorta
The external carotid artery
serves the skin and muscles of
the head and:
neck
The right and left renal veins
empty blood from the:
kidneys
The ________ vein drains
blood from the radial and ulnar
veins, then empties that blood
into the axillary vein
brachial
Gas exchange occurs in the:
alveoli
What is the role of mucus in
the nasal cavity:
trap incoming bacteria and other foreign debris
Air from the nasal cavity
enters the superior portion of
the pharynx called the:
nasopharynx
Contaminated mucus is
removed from the lower
respiratory passageways, such
as the trachea, by:
cilia
The opening between the vocal
cords is called the:
glottis
The flap of elastic cartilage
that protects food from
entering the larynx when
swallowing is the:
epiglottis
Terminal bronchioles
eventually terminate in:
alveoli
The serous membrane covering
the surface of the lungs is
called the:
visceral pleura
The gas exchange that occurs
between blood and tissue cells
at systemic capillaries is
called:
internal respiration
____________ occurs when
diaphragm and intercostal
muscles relax:
Expiration (exhalation)
Which nonrespiratory air
movement clears the upper
respiratory passageways:
sneezing
The respiratory movement
representing the total amount
of exchangeable air is the:
vital capacity
Oxygen binds with
hemoglobin in the blood to
form:
oxyhemoglobin
The bluish cast that results
from inadequate oxygenation
of the skin and mucosa is
called:
cyanosis
______________ dramatically
increases carbonic acid
concentration and involves
extremely slow breathing.
Hypoventilation
Which congenital respiratory
disease results in the
oversecretion of mucus and
clogging of respiratory
passageways:
cystic fibrosis
The molecule that prevents
lung collapse by lowering the
surface tension of the water
film lining each alveolar sac is
called:
surfactant
What is the most common
cause for lung cancer:
smoking
Obstruction of the trachea by a
piece of food can lead to:
aspiration pneumonia
Rugae is associated with the
Stomach
The most important chemical
stimulus leading to increased
rate and depth of breathing is:
increased carbon dioxide in the blood
The structure that forms the
anterior roof of the mouth is
the:
hard palate
The release of food from the
stomach into the small
intestine is regulated by the:
pyloric sphincter
The primary function of the
small intestine is:
absorption of nutrients
The three subdivision of the
large intestine include:
Cecum, Appendix, colon
The organ responsible for
drying out indigestible food
residue through water
absorption and the elimination
of feces is the:
large intestine
Amylase is an enzyme that is
only able to digest:
starch
The anterior chisel-shaped
teeth that are adapted for
cutting are called:
incisors
The sequence of steps by
which large food molecules are
broken down into their
respective building blocks by
catalytic enzymes within
hydrolysis reactions is called:
chemical digestion
The propulsive process that
moves food from one organ to
the next is called:
peristalsis
The process by which food
within the small intestine is
mixed with digestive juices by
backward and forward
movement across the internal
wall of the organ is called:
segmentation
Proteins are digested to their
building blocks which are
called:
amino acids
The first nutrient to be
chemically digested is:
starch
What alimentary segments has
NO digestive function:
esophagus
The process of swallowing is
also known as:
deglutition