Chpt. 9
Cellular
Respiration:
Harvesting
Chemical
Energy
Organic compounds
store energy in their
arrangement of
CHEMICAL BONDS…
Organic compounds
store energy in their
arrangement of
BONDS…
C
C
C
C
C
C
Organic compounds
store energy in their
arrangement of
BONDS…
Organic compounds
store energy in their
arrangement of
BONDS…
ENERGY is
released!!
It’s an AP Bio thing…
you would understand!
2 e– + 2 H+
NAD+
2 e– + H+
NADH
H+
Dehydrogenase
+ 2[H]
(from food)
Nicotinamide
(oxidized form)
H+
Nicotinamide
(reduced form
NADH
+
NAD
Lets get back to this…
(becomes: ADP & Phosphate & E.)
When an ATP molecule
becomes phosphorylated
the molecule loses a
phosphate group.
(becomes: ADP & Phosphate & E.)
phosphorylated
this
kind
of
wor
k!
HOW??
How does ATP work?
electrons have potential
energy

How does ATP work?
electrons lose potential
energy as they move
toward more
electronegative atoms
from less electronegative
ones.

How does ATP work?
the e- stored in food (in H
atoms) is relocated…
THE RELOCATION
releases the energy.
Redox Reactions =
Redox Reactions =
•transfer of electron(s) from
one molecule to another.
•ENERGY is released via.
electrons…
as they move
closer to more
electronegative atoms.
Redox Reactions =
Oxidation-
Redox Reactions =
Oxidationloss of electrons
(reducing agent)
Redox Reactions =
Reduction-
Redox Reactions =
Reductiongains/accepts electrons
(oxidizing agent)
becomes oxidized
(loses electron)
becomes reduced
(gains electron)
LEO roars
GER!!
Electrons are removed
from food …
H
H
H
via. H
It transports with it
energy that was stored
2 electrons & 1 proton
move from hydrogen
to oxygen
they “ride” on the
NAD+ “bus”
NAD+
nicotinamide adenine
NAD+
dinucleotide
+
NAD becomes reduced
H e+
+
NADH
NAD+
2 e– + 2 H+
NAD+
2 e– + H+
NADH
H+
Dehydrogenase
+ 2[H]
(from food)
Nicotinamide
(oxidized form)
H+
Nicotinamide
(reduced form)
Electrons move from
hydrogen to oxygen (by
the NADH “bus”)
NADH
NADH
NADH
molecules
hold the
stored
energy that
will be
used later
to make
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs Cycle
3. Electron Transport
Chain and Oxidative
Phosphorylation
Respiration overview:
1. Glycolysis
Respiration overview:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs
Cycle
Respiration overview:
1. Glycolysis
2. Krebs
3. eCycle Transport
Chain
Glycolysis:
* Before glucose can be
converted to ATP, it has to be
broken down.
Glycolysis:
* Occurs in cytosol (cytoplasm)
Glycolysis
•Function - To split glucose and
produce NADH and ATP.
•Location - Cytoplasm.
Glycolysis:
* 2 phases:
1) energy
investment
Glycolysis:
* 2 phases:
2) energy
payoff
Glycolysis:
* Series of 10 steps
* each step catalyzed by a
different enzyme.
Why not break down the
glucose all at once??
"Glycolysis" strikes fear into many undergrad
biology students because it presents them with an
abstract series of reactions and molecules which
are difficult to visualize and therefore incorporate
into a coherant biochemical framework.
Dr. Gregg Miami
University Zoo 111 Fall
1983
That was MY
professor
Dr. Gregg Miami
University Zoo 111 Fall
1983
Energy Investment
Phase
Energy Investment
Phase 1 ATP
1)cell “spends”
& gets 1 ADP &
Glucose-6- phosphate
Energy Investment
Phase phosphate
2) Glucose-6-
is rearranged
to
Fructose-6-phosphate
“Presto…
Chango …
Re-Arrango!!
Energy Investment
Phase phosphate
2) Glucose-6-
is rearranged
to
Fructose-6-phosphate
Energy Investment
Phase
3)Cell “spends”
1
more ATP & gets 1
more ADP
4)
Energy Investment
turns Phase
into
P - Fructose - P
5)
Energy Investment
Phase - P is
P - Fructose
broken down into 2
sugar molecules
Glycolysis:
 Energy-investment phase
1)Cell “spends” 1 ATP & gets 1
ADP -> Glucose + P
2) Glucose + P is rearranged
to Fructose + P
3)Cell “spends” 1 more ATP
& gets 1 more ADP
Glycolysis:
Energy-investment phase- results:
4) P - Fructose - P
5) P - Fructose - P is broken
down into 2 molecules
P -c-c-c c-c-c -P
G3P
**2 ATP’s to 2 ADP’s**
Energy Payoff Phase
(2) G3Ps are
dehydrogenated with
(2) NAD+s
Energy Harvest Phase
becomes 1,3
bisposphoglycerokinase
X2
Energy Harvest Phase
A phosphate reacts with
ADP to form ATP (X2)
Energy Harvest Phase
3-phosphoglycertae
formed (X2)
Energy Harvest Phase
“Presto…
Chango …
Re-Arrango!!
Energy Harvest Phase
PEP formed (X2)
PEP
Energy Harvest Phase
Each PEP donates a P
yielding 2 ATP’s (X2) &
PYRUVATE (X2)
PEP
Energy Harvest Phase
Glycolysis:
Energy-payoff phase:
1) Cell constructs 4 ATP
2) Cell constructs 2 NADH
Glycolysis:
Energy-payoff phase-End result
= C6H12O6 is broken down
into 2 molecules of
pyruvate
= 2 net ATP’s produced
= 2 NADH’s produced
Glycolysis:
End result = C6H12O6 is broken
down into 2
molecules of
pyruvate.
= 2 ATP
= 2 NADH