Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
CELLULAR RESPIRATION






I can summarize and explain the role of ATP in cellular metabolism: e.g. active transport,
cytoplasmic streaming, phagocytosis, biochemical synthesis, muscle contraction, heat
production
I can explain how glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis, and where this
occurs.
I can explain how the products of glycolysis are broken down into carbon dioxide and water
during the Krebs cycle.
I can describe where in the cell this occurs, and how many ATP are produced.
I can explain how glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are used to create NADH and FADH2.
I can explain how chemiosmosis transfers chemical potential energy from NADH and FADH2
to ATP
Structure of the Mitochondrion
Based on what you know about chloroplasts, why do you think that a mitochondrion has several layers of
membrane?
The conversion of chemical energy from glucose into ATP is about __________ % efficient. (page 208).
How do animals like birds and mammals make use of this inefficiency?
What characteristics of glucose make it well suited as an energy supply in our bodies?
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
Overview of Cellular Respiration
Cellular Respiration is essentially the opposite of photosynthesis:
It happens in 4 steps:
November 2011
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
I. Glycolysis (Page ___________)
 I can explain how glucose is broken down during the process of glycolysis, and where this occurs.
Write an overall chemical equation for glycolysis.
“Photolysis” means ________________ ____________________
“Glycolysis” means ___________________________________
At the end of glycolysis, the useful energy is in the form of _______________________
MAJOR STEP:
Where in the cell does it occur?
Basic idea of how it happens:
What goes in?
What comes out?
GLYCOLYSIS
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
II. Pyruvate Oxidation (Page _________)
Work with a classmate to read this section of the textbook. Describe in your own words:
“What is the role of coenzyme A?”
MAJOR STEP:
Where in the cell does it occur?
Basic idea of how it happens:
What goes in?
What comes out?
PYRUVATE OXIDATION (Krebs cycle preparation)
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
III.



November 2011
Krebs Cycle (pages _____________ to __________________)
I can explain how the products of glycolysis are broken down into carbon dioxide and water
during the Krebs cycle.
I can describe where in the cell this occurs, and how many ATP are produced.
I can explain how glycolysis and the Krebs cycle are used to create NADH and FADH2.
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
Work with a classmate to read this section of the textbook. Describe in your own words:
“What is the role of FAD and NAD in aerobic cellular respiration?”
As a result of glycolysis, pyruvate oxidation, and the Krebs cycle, a small portion of the energy from
glucose has been converted into ATP. In what form is the rest of the energy?
MAJOR STEP:
Where in the cell does it occur?
Basic idea of how it happens:
What goes in?
What comes out?
KREBS CYCLE
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
IV. Electron Transport System and Chemiosmosis (Page ____________)

I can explain how chemiosmosis transfers chemical potential energy from NADH and FADH2
to ATP
This is very similar to the electron transport system in photosynthesis.
In photosynthesis, the energy from ________________ is used to make ATP.
In cellular respiration, the energy from _______________ is stored in ______________ and
___________, and that energy is used to make ATP.
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
All animals and plants must have oxygen to live. We need it to do cellular respiration.
a. What is the oxygen used for? (Read page 217)
b.
What would happen to us if we didn’t have oxygen? Why?
MAJOR STEP:
Where in the cell does it occur?
Basic idea of how it happens:
What goes in?
What comes out?
ETC AND CHEMIOSMOSIS
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
Electron Transport Chain
Complete this table to compare the ETC in Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration. Consider things like
the source of energy, the source of hydrogen ions, and the end results. (Don’t be surprised if a very
similar question pops up on a quiz one day…)
ETC In Photosynthesis
ETC In Cellular Respiration
parts of ETC that are the same in both processes.
Chemiosmosis
Complete this table to compare the process of chemiosmosis in Photosynthesis vs. Cellular Respiration.
(Don’t be surprised if a very similar question pops up on a quiz one day…hint, hint…)
Chemiosmosis In Photosynthesis
Chemiosmosis In Cellular Respiration
parts of chemiosmosis that are the same in both processes.
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
November 2011
Use the diagram on page 219 to help you to complete the table.
“Battery” molecules produced
ATP
NADH
FADH2
Step name and reaction
Total ATP
equivalent
1. Glycolysis
2
glucose  2 pyruvate
2
6
2.
3.
4.
Total theoretical ATP yield =
Why do we call this the “theoretical” ATP yield?
Sort these types of cells in order by the number of mitochondria you might expect there to be in each cell.
Explain why you sorted them into the order that you chose.
heart
nerve
skin
fat
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
ANAEROBIC CELLULAR RESPIRATION (PAGE


November 2011
)
I can describe the similarities and difference between aerobic respiration and anaerobic
respiration in plants, animals, and yeast
I can describe the similarities and difference between the two types of anaerobic respiration:
Lactic Acid fermentation, and Alcohol fermentation
All animals and plants must have oxygen to live and to do cellular respiration, but some
bacteria and yeast can live without oxygen.
Fermentation is the process that humans have used for centuries to make yogurt, bread and
beer. It happens instead of cellular respiration, when there isn’t enough oxygen present.

Cellular respiration is an aerobic process. What does aerobic mean?

Fermentation is an anaerobic process. What does anaerobic mean?
In fermentation, glycolysis happens just the same way as in cellular respiration. We can do this,
because glycolysis is an anaerobic process.
Review: What is the usual end product of glycolysis? _______________________
Normally, the next step after glycolysis is the __________________________, which makes
__________, ______________, and ATP.
To turn NADH and FADH2 into ATP, the cell must use _____________________.
In fermentation, the cell can do glycolysis as usual, but it can’t move on to the Krebs cycle
because it ________________________________________________.
Instead, the cell turns pyruvate into some “waste” product to ___________________. The only
energy that the cell gets is from the ________________________ step.

How many molecules of ATP does a cell get by doing aerobic cellular respiration? _____

If a cell could only do the glycolysis step, how many ATP would it get? _______
So, which version do you think a cell would rather do? ___________________________
Bio 20 – Notes on Cellular Respiration
Two Main
Types of
Fermentation
Copy the important
features of the
textbook diagrams.
Be sure to include:
 How many ATP
are generated?
 What are the
end products?
Which cells do this
type of
fermentation?
What situation
causes the cells to
do fermentation?
How does this give
an advantage to the
cells?
How do humans
find this to be
useful?
Alcohol Fermentation
Sketch a copy of the diagram from
page 221
November 2011
Lactic Acid Fermentation
Sketch a copy of the diagram from
page 224