AMERICA: A NARRATIVE HISTORY
8th Edition
CHAPTER 7
Shaping a Federal Union
George Brown Tindall & David Emory Shi
© 2010 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.
The Confederation
• The New Government
• Congressional Administration during the War
• Financial Problems of the New Nation
– The role of Robert Morris
– The Newburgh Conspiracy
– Growing debt
The Confederation
• Development of Land Policy
– Easy income source for Congress
– History of the land west of the colonies
– The Northwest Ordinance
– The role of Indian treaties in this area
Western Land Cessions, 1781–1802
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The Old Northwest, 1785
America, 8th Edition
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The Confederation
• The Economy during the War
– Farmers seldom affected
– Trade lessens
• The Economy after the War
– Great Britain closes West Indies to the U.S.A
– Eventually trade with America resumes
– Securing new trade partners
The Confederation
• Diplomacy in the Postwar Period
– Flaws in the Articles begin to surface
– Problems with Britain in the west
– Problems with the Spanish in the south
The Confederation
• The Confederation’s Problems
– No central control over states’ policies
– No central control over monetary concerns
The Confederation
• Shays Rebellion
– The problem
– The Rebellion
– The result
The Confederation
• Calls for a Stronger Government
– The Mount Vernon Conference
– The Annapolis Convention
– The call for a constitutional convention
Adopting the Constitution
• The Constitutional Convention
– Delegates in attendance
– The emergence of James Madison
• Differing Political Philosophies and Plans
– The Virginia Plan
– The New Jersey Plan
Adopting the Constitution
• The Great Compromise
• Principles Incorporated into the Constitution
– Separation of powers
– Nature of the presidency
– Nature of the judicial branch
– Examples of countervailing forces in the new
government
– Ratification provisions
The Fight for Ratification
• Federalists versus Anti-Federalists
• Charles A. Beard’s An Economic Interpretation
of the Constitution
• Arguments for Ratification
• Arguments against Ratification
The Fight for Ratification
• The Decision of the States
– Small states adopt it first
• Demand for a Bill of Rights
• Delaware Becomes Ninth State to Ratify
– Government is formed
The Vote on the Constitution, 1787–1790
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Additional Art for Chapter 7
Chapter Opener
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Merchants’ counting house
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Domestic industry
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Shays’s Rebellion
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Drafting the Constitution
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James Madison
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Slave trade
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Signing the Constitution, September 17, 1787
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Sixth pillar
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AMERICA: A NARRATIVE HISTORY
8th Edition
This concludes the
lecture presentation
for Chapter 7.
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George Brown Tindall & David Emory Shi
© 2010 W. W. Norton & Company, Inc.