MITOSIS/MEIOSIS
TEST REVIEW
w/a partner
You need: whiteboard, dry erase
marker, eraser, sticky note
1
• By definition, copies of chromosomes linked
together at their centromeres at the beginning
of Meiosis are called _____ .
1
• By definition, copies of chromosomes linked
together at their centromeres at the beginning
of Meiosis are called SISTER CHROMATIDS.
2
• Major gene recombination happens during
what phase?
2
• Major gene recombination happens during
what phase?
• PROPHASE I (during Meiosis I)
3
• Division of the cytoplasm, called _____
immediately follows division of the nucleus,
called _____ . Before either of these divisions
can occur, _____ must take place where the
cell grows and dna doubles.
3
• Division of the cytoplasm, called CYTOKINESIS
immediately follows division of the nucleus,
called MITOSIS. Before either of these
divisions can occur, INTERPHASE must take
place where the cell grows and dna doubles.
4
• If the somatic parent cell (original cell) has 20
chromosomes, after 1 complete round of the
cell cycle what is the result?
4
• If the somatic parent cell (original cell) has 20
chromosomes, after 1 complete round of the
cell cycle what is the result?
• 2 DAUGHTER CELLS, EACH WITH 20
CHROMOSOMES
5
• Separation of the chromatids in meiosis I
happens immediately following which
significant event?
5
• Separation of the chromatids in meiosis I
happens immediately following which
significant event?
• CROSSING OVER
6
• Cells with 2 of each kind of chromosome are
called _____, while cells with half that amount
are called _____ .
6
• Cells with 2 of each kind of chromosome are
called DIPLOID, while cells with half that
amount are called HAPLOID.
7
• Homologous chromosomes may differ from
other chromosomes based on which
characteristics? Must give @ least 2.
7
• Homologous chromosomes may differ from
other chromosomes based on which
characteristics?
• SIZE
• SHAPE
• POSITION OF CENTROMERE
• ALLELES THE CHROMOSOME CARRIES
• STAINING PATTERN
8
• Fill in the information below:
8
• Fill in the information below:
Autosome/Somatic Cell
DIPLOID
2 Identical Daughter Cells
ASEXUAL
Gamete/Sex Cell
HAPLOID – ½ of DIPLOID
4 Unique Daughter Cells
SEXUAL
9
• Genetic variation among relatives is due to
which 2 events? (in meiosis I)
9
• Genetic variation among relatives is due to
which 2 events? (in meiosis I)
• CROSSING OVER
• INDEPENDENT ASSORTMENT
10
• The formation of a sex cell is appropriately
called _____ .
10
• The formation of a sex cell is appropriately
called GAMETOGENESIS.
11
• What is necessary for sexual reproduction to
occur, but not necessarily for asexually
reproducing organisms? WHY?
11
• What is necessary for sexual reproduction to
occur, but not necessarily for asexually
reproducing organisms? WHY?
• MEIOSIS
• Mitosis is a way for reproduction to occur.
12
• During _____ the spindle apparatus is formed,
which is made out of _____ .
12
• During PROPHASE(prometaphase) the spindle
apparatus is formed, which is made out of
MICROTUBULES.
13
• What are the phases (in order) of Mitosis?
How does that differ from Meiosis?
13
• What are the phases (in order) of Mitosis?
How does that differ from Meiosis?
• MITOSIS:
– PROPHASE – PROMETAPHASE – METAPHASE –
ANAPHASE – TELOPHASE
• MEIOSIS:
– 2 ROUNDS OF PMAT
(2nd ROUND RESEMBLES MITOSIS)
14
• _____ are attached at the centromere and are
identical until _____ _____ occurs.
14
• Chromatids are attached at the centromere
and are identical until CROSSING OVER occurs.
15
• _____ become visible during prophase after
the Chromatin condense. The chromatids
detach and become visibly separate
chromosomes during _____ .
15
• CHROMOSOMES become visible during
prophase after the Chromatin condense. The
chromatids detach and become visibly
separate chromosomes during ANAPHASE.
16
• List @ least 2 things we discussed about
Homologous Chromosomes :
16
• List @ least 2 things we discussed about
Homologous Chromosomes :
• Have alleles for the same characteristics
• In pairs, 1 from mom & 1 from dad
• Pair up during Meiosis
• Exchange parts during Meiosis
17
• During Interphase the cell grows during _____
, and dna replicates during _____ .
• During Mitosis the nuclear membrane
disappears during _____ and reforms during
_____ .
17
• During Interphase the cell grows during G1(gap 1),
and dna replicates during S (synthesis).
• During Mitosis the nuclear membrane disappears
during Prophase and reforms during Telophase.
18
• Chromosomes line up along the equator
during _____ , and start to migrate toward
opposite poles during _____ , then a cleavage
furrow forms as the cell begins it’s split during
_____ .
18
• Chromosomes line up along the equator
during METAPHASE, and start to migrate
toward opposite poles during ANAPHASE,
then a cleavage furrow forms as the cell
begins it’s split during TELOPHASE.
19
• In eukaryotes, the chromosome number
_____ with fertilization and then _____ by
meiosis.
19
• In eukaryotes, the chromosome number
DOUBLES with fertilization and then HALVES
by meiosis.
20
• What process do these occur in:
– Alternate forms of genes get shuffled
– Offspring provided new gene combinations
– Diploid # of chromosomes reduced to Haploid #
– Parental DNA divides and gets distributed through
gametogenesis
20
• What process do these occur in:
– Alternate forms of genes get shuffled
– Offspring provided new gene combinations
– Diploid # of chromosomes reduced to Haploid #
– Parental DNA divides and gets distributed through
gametogenesis
MEIOSIS
21
• List at least 3 characteristics of MEIOSIS:
21
• List at least 3 characteristics of MEIOSIS:
– 2 divisions (meiosis I & II)
– Produces haploid cells (x4)
– Reduces # of chromosomes in each cell by half
– Involves synapses
– Allows cells to become unique through crossing
over
– Gametic cells are produced (sex cells)
– Not necessary in asexually reproducing organisms
22
Match the statements with the appropriate process: MEIOSIS I OR MEIOSIS II
• Sister chromatids of each
chromosome are separated
from each other
• Homologous chromosomes
are separated from each
other
22
Match the statements with the appropriate process: MEIOSIS I OR MEIOSIS II
MEIOSIS II
• Sister chromatids of each
chromosome are separated
from each other
MEIOSIS I
• Homologous chromosomes
are separated from each
other