Exam Review 2
Chloroplast
Stomate function
Stomates
Photosynthesis
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Wavelengths used in Photosynthesis
Wavelengths and plant pigments
Light energy and Chloropyll
Photosystem 1 and 2
Photosynthesis 1 and 2
Photosystems 1 and 2 in Chloroplast
Light Reaction and Calvin cycle
Photosynthesis and Respiration
C4 and CAMplants
Respiration
Photosynthesis and Respiration
Respiration
Glycolysis in Cytoplasm and Krebs Cycle in
Mitochondria
How Plants Grow
Turgid Cell
Pathway of Water Through a Plant
How do guard cells open and close?
Pressure Flow Hypothesis
Plant Nutirents
Nutrient Deficiencies
Auxins
Auxins and Phototropism
Abscisic Acid
Cytokinins
Ehtylene gas used for ripening bananas
Gibberellins
Gravitropism
Photo and Geo or Gravitropism
Thigmotropism
Aspen regeneration
Cut or burn trees hormones released in suckers (probably
auxins)
Fall colors
Yellow-hidden by chlorophyll and brightness of red dependent upon the
amount of sugars produced in summer. Abscission caused by ethylene. Want
warm sunny days and cool nights in fall for best fall color.
Scientific Method
Carolus Linneaus
Linnaea borealis-Twin Flower
Species Plantarum
Binomial System
Herbarium specimen
Six Kingdoms
Phylogenetic Tree
Monophyletic Group: a common ancestor and all of its descendants
Paraphyletic Group: a common ancestor and some, but not all, of its
descendants
Polyphyletic Group: descendants of two or more disparate ancestors
Homologous structures in Animals
Homologous structures in Plants
Analogous Structures in Animals
Analogous Structures in Plants
Evolutionary Trends
Prokaryote
Archaea
Crown Gall Disease
Useful and Harmful Bacteria for Plants
• Useful as: biological
control, nitrogen
fixation, decomposers
• Harmful: cause many
diseases in plants
including galls, rot,
blight, wilt, spots, and
cankers.
Cyanobacteria Cell
know names on left, not CPG
Parts of a cyanobacteria
Nostoc and Gunnera-mutually symbiotic relationship
for nitrogen fixation
Azolla-Nitrogen Fixation with
Anabaena in Rice fields
Cycad-Neurotoxin produced by cyanobacteria leads to
neurological diorders from eating cycad seeds
Cyanobacteria bloom
Sloth-Cyanobacteria live in the fur
Cryptobiotic Crust
Protists
Eukaryotic Evolution
Fossil Record for Plants
Phyllum Charophyta
Chara-Stoneowrts
Diatoms
Dinoflagellates
Plasmodial Slime Mold
Plasmodial Slime Mold Life Cycle –
(example)
Cellular Slime Mold
Cellular Slime Mold Life cycle(example)
Water Mold
Water Molds (example)
Clamydomonas
Chlamydomonas life cycle (Example)
Life Cycle of Chlamydomonas
Zygotic and Gametic Meiosis-Know
Volvox
Volvox Sexual Reporduction
Volvox Asexual Reporduction
Volvox Asexual Reproduction
Volvox
Spirogyra
Spirogyra conjugation
Ulva
Ulva life cycle (Example)
Sporic Meiosis (Know)
Acetabluaria-Mermaid’s Wineglass
Desmid
Desmid Asexual Reproduction
Brown Algae-Giant Kelp
Brown Algae-Sea Palm
Brown Algae-Fucus, Rockweed
Fucus life cycle (Example)
Algin
Red Algae-Porphyra
Coralline Red Algae
Agar
Red algae on outside of sushi
Carageenan-Red Algae used in food, may cause
gastrointestinal inflamations
Mushroom
Fungi phylogeny
Chytrid
Chytridiomycota life cycle
Zygomycota-Black Bread Mold life
cycle
Ascomycetes-Cup Fungi
Ascomycetes-Morels
Ascomycetes life cycle
Ascomycetes-Cup fungi
Basidiomycetes-Gill Mushrooms
Basidiomycetes life cycle
Basidimycetes-Pore mushrooms
Chantrelle Mushroom
Lichen reproduction
Fruticose Lichen-orange one
Crustose Lichens
Foliose Lichen
Crustose Lichen
Fruticose Lichen
Foliose Lichen
Hydrothyria venosa-aquatic lichen
From Bacteria to Fungi