1 HIST 11: Political and Social History of the United States I, 1492-1876 Fall 2012 Instructor: Jason Chiu Email: wljchiu@gmail.com Office: K5-102 (The Writing Center) Office Hours: MW 9:00am — 10:00am and 11:30am — 12:30pm Website: http://jasonchiu.elacstudentservices.org Required Readings: Eric Foner. Give Me Liberty!: An American History, Third Edition/Volume 1. W. W. Norton, 2010. AND Online resources, found via websites and the instructor’s website. Questions to Think About: The following questions are meant to direct class readings and discussion: 1. Course Description and Purpose: This course is designed for students interested in the first half of American history (approximately 1492 CE to 1876). This time period is extremely pertinent to understanding the evolution of the United States. As such, many historical issues will be addressed. They include class, gender, race, US foreign relations, intellectual thought, national identity, as well as changing social and cultural attitudes. Of course, not all of these topics will be covered in full. However, it is the instructor’s intent to make these topics accessible to students through course readings, written assignments, exams, and discussions. This class fulfills the IGETC for Social Sciences. This class is not for the feign-hearted nor the squeamish! Lectures and readings deal with controversial topics and class material is approached from a historical angle. Those students who are not comfortable discussing religion, race, human sexuality, “graphic” descriptions, and other relevant class topics are advised to drop this course. This course requires students to come to class prepared to discuss the assigned readings, including primary sources, charts and statistics, secondary sources, and other relevant material. Since this is a transfer-level course, students need to actively participate in class and complete assignments on their due date. Expect college-level reading and writing! Class Procedure: Students are required to attend class regularly and on time. Talking, the use of a cell phone, and/or the use of any other electronic equipment is/are not allowed during class. Students must turn off all electronic devices prior to class. If any electronic device sounds off in class, the owner of the device will be asked by the instructor to leave and return only in the following class session. Students who do not arrive to class ontime will not be allowed to attend. 2. 3. 4. 5. AMERICAN DILEMMAS: What political, cultural, and economic debates dominated American society? Why? THE AMERICAN PROMISE: How did various groups view the “promise” of America? In what ways do these views inform us of the conflicts that unraveled in America history? SOCIAL ROLES: In what ways did race and gender impact people of diverse backgrounds? How did they shape the social outlook of American GOVERNMENT AND SOCIETY: What role did the government play in American society? In what ways did the government help improve the livelihood of the average American? In which ways did it fall short? PROGRESS AND CHANGE: Does “progress” define American history? Grade Evaluation: Quizzes (8 out of 12): Class Participation: Long Essays (2) Short Essays (2): Midterm: Final (mandatory): 2% each (16% total) 7% 14% each (28% total) 7% each (14% total) 15% 20% No assignment will be accepted via email nor will any grade be sent out via email. All assignments MUST be written using academic formatting (MLA, APA, or Chicago) and handed in to the instructor in person. Note: The instructor reserves the right to deviate from the course schedule and the policies stated herein this syllabus so long as the changes are reasonable and such changes are announced promptly. 2 Class Participation and Attendance: To get a high class participation grade, students are encouraged to voice their opinion, so long as it is relevant to class topics. Since attendance is mandatory, there is no grade for coming to class. However, students who are absent 5 or more times will be automatically excluded from the course. Each tardy will count as 1/3 of an absence and will be assessed when determining exclusions. Additionally, it is in the students’ interest to get to class on time since quizzes are always given at the beginning of class. Quizzes (8 out of 12): A total of 12 quizzes will be randomly given. Held at the start of class to test students’ knowledge of the reading material, each quiz involves one or two broad questions and will be graded based on how well the question(s) is/are answered. Although only 8 quizzes make up the quiz portion of the grade, additional points scored will be added to students’ final grade. Quizzes must be written in ink. Long Essays (2): There are two 3.5—6 page essays assigned for this class. To get a good grade, the essays need to include information from both class lectures AND assigned readings. Students are encouraged to submit drafts and/or outlines for my personal review. Late essays: Papers will be docked one step down (A becomes A-, A- becomes B+, and so on) for each class meeting they are late. Late papers can only be turned in within two weeks of the original due date. Because the essays can be turned in up to two weeks late, no make-up essays will be given nor will late papers qualify for the essay rewrite. Rewrites for Long Essays: A rewrite is allowed once for each long essay. However, students can only rewrite an essay under three conditions: 1) a complete paper must have been turned in on time and received at least a grade of D, 2) the student has met and discussed with the instructor his or her strategy for improving the paper, and 3) the old copy must be stapled to the back of the rewrite and turned in on the due date. Higher grades on rewrites will replace the “old” scores. Short Essays (2): Students are expected to write two 1.5—2.5 page essay responses. To get a good grade, the essays need to include information from BOTH class lectures and assigned readings. There is one major difference between the short essays and their longer counterparts: the short essays are no eligible for rewrites. While one objective of assigning these short essays is to get students to engage with the readings and the lecture material, the real purpose of these papers is to prepare students for writing the long essays. Please note that short essays are not eligible for the rewrite option. Exams (Midterm and Final): Both the midterm and final are essay exams. The essay must be supported by both lectures AND reading material. Be sure to turn in a green book (any size) indicating your name and class a few class sessions before the exam. It will be given back on the day of the exam. Students who fail to turn in a green book may lose exam time on the date of the exam. No make-up exam will be given. Exams must be written in ink. Plagiarism and Cheating: No tolerance for plagiarism will be given to any student for any reason. This includes taking passages from a writer without giving him/her full credit as well as passing an assignment written by another person as one’s own. Students who participate in academic fraud will receive an F for the class and be reported to the proper academic authorities. Since this class emphasizes primary source analysis and students are provided open access to these sources, any unauthorized research is prohibited and will fall under the plagiarism provision stated here-in. The penalties for plagiarism stated above also apply to cheating. Disabled Students: Students who have special needs should speak to the instructor ahead of time if accommodations are required. They are also encouraged to visit the campus Disabled Student Program and Services (DSPS) for support should they need additional help. 3 Course Schedule: Please note: All reading assignments listed are on the dates when they are due. Writing assignments’ due dates are in bold. M, 9/10: Puritanism and the “Exodus” to New England Short Essay 1 Assigned William Bradford compared Church of England with Satan *FONER indicates the textbook M, 8/27: Class Introduction Syllabus W, 8/29: European Empires and the Americas http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=669 M , 9/3: LABOR DAY (NO CLASS) W, 9/5: Jamestown and the Chesapeake Colonial Enterprise Arthur Barlowe, First Voyage to Virginia (1584) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/04-bar.html Richard Hakluyt, Discourse of Western Planting (1584) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/03-hak.html Instructions for the Virginia Colony (1606) http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1601-1650/virginia/instru.htm John Smith, “The Starving Time” (1624) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6593 Indentured Servant Contract http://etext.lib.virginia.edu/etcbin/jamestown-browse?id=J1046 John Winthrop, A Model of Christian Charity (1630) http://history.hanover.edu/texts/winthmod.html John Winthrop, Reasons for Emigrating to New England (1631) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/15-win.html John Winthrop’s Journal (Sept. 1639) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/20-cot.html Connecticut “Blue Laws” (1672) http://www.csulb.edu/~jlawler/Course%20DW/BlueLaws.htm William Penn, Some Account of the Province of Pennsylvania (1681) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/38-pen.html Benjamin Wadsworth, A Well-Ordered Family (1712) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/48-wad.html http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=674 http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=675 W, 9/12: Contact and Conflict with Native Americans Edward Waterhouse, “Race War in Virginia” (1622) http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=215 George Alsop, A Character of the Province of Maryland (1666) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5815 The Indians of the Six Nations to William & Mary College (1744) http://faculty.sanjuancollege.edu/krobison/documents/SixNationsWilliam&Mary.htm Richard Frethorne, letter to his father and mother (March 20, April 2 & 3, 1623) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6475 M, 9/17: Colonial American Society William Johnson http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=670 http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=671 Bacon’s Rebellion: The Declaration (1676) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5800 4 Virginia Slave Laws (1660s) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/24-sla.html http://staff.imsa.edu/socsci/jvictory/txt_pgs_colonial/transportation_col/tran sportation5.htm James Oglethorpe, Founding Vision for Georgia (1733) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/29-ogl.html British taxation and laws meant to establish more direct control over colonies: duties from Townshend Acts used to pay British colonial judges and governors, overriding authority of colonial assemblies. Alexander Falconbridge, An Account of the Slave Trade on the Coast of Africa (1788) www.danvers.mec.edu/.../SlaveryWQ/AfrSlvTrdAFalconbrdg1788.pdf Venture Smith, A Narrative of the Life and Adventures of Venture, A Native of Africa, But Resident Above Sixty Years in the United States of America (1798) http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=672 http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/26-ven.html Robert Beverley, The History and Present State of Virginia (1705) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/59-bev.html Elizabeth Sprigs, “Letter to Mr. John Sprigs in White Cross Street near Cripple Gate, London” (September 22, 1756) http://chnm.gmu.edu/fairfaxtah/lessons/documents/Elizabeth_Sprigs2.pdf Thomas Hutchinson Recounts the Mob Reaction to the Stamp Act in Boston (1765) http://investigatinghistory.ashp.cuny.edu/m2d.html William Pitt, “Speech on the Stamp Act” (1766) http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1751-1775/stampact/sapitt.htm http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/sugar_stamp/act01.htm http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/tax/davisxx.htm Soame Jenyns, “The Objections to the Taxation of our American Colonies by the Legislature of Great Britain, briefly consider'd” (1765) http://homepages.udayton.edu/~alexanrs/SOAME.html M, 9/24: The American War of Independence http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/revolution/revo1.htm Gottlieb Mittelberger, Journey to Pennsylvania in the Year 1750 and Return to Germany in the Year 1754 (1750) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5713 “Declaration of Independence” (1776) http://avalon.law.yale.edu/18th_century/declare.asp Benjamin Franklin, “The Way to Wealth” (1758) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/52-fra.html John Dickinson, “Favoring a Condition of Union with England” (1776) http://www.csulb.edu/~jlawler/Course%20DW/JohnDickinson.htm Benjamin Franklin, Advice to a Young Man on the Choice of a Mistress (1745) http://www.swarthmore.edu/SocSci/bdorsey1/41docs/51-fra.html J. Hector St. John de Crèvecoeur, What is an American? (1782) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/crevecour2.html http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1776-1800/independence/doi.htm ttp://www.slavevoyages.org/tast/assessment/essays-intro-01.faces W, 9/19: The Road to the American War of Independence Short Essay 1 Due The Navigation Act of 1660 http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=2165http://t eachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=2165 W, 9/26: Creating a Constitution I Montesquieu, Spirit of the Laws (1748) 5 http://web.archive.org/web/19990225170826/http://pluto.clinch.edu/history/ wciv2/civ2ref/esprit.html Debates over the Constitution (1787-1790) @ instructor’s website http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/newnatn/usconst/debates.htm l http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/newnatn/usconst/debpenn.ht ml http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/newnatn/usconst/egerry.html http://www.teachingamericanhistory.org/institutes/2003/character_readings. html#7 M, 10/1: Creating a Constitution II Long Essay 1 Assigned Benjamin Franklin, A Narrative of the Late Massacres in Lancaster County (1764) http://74.6.117.48/search/srpcache?ei=UTF8&p=phobos.ramapo.edu%2F~theed%2F...%2Fsessions%2F...%2Fviolence _indians.pdf&fr=yfp-t701&u=http://cc.bingj.com/cache.aspx?q=phobos.ramapo.edu%2f~theed%2 f...%2fsessions%2f...%2fviolence_indians.pdf&d=4759545704354620&mk t=en-US&setlang=enUS&w=1fea466,d28f7cbf&icp=1&.intl=us&sig=sQdHznpLFqfSu1Oxz24R Ew-Elizabeth Dixon Smith Greer, Journal (1847-1850) http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/divine5e/chapter12/ medialib/primarysources2_12_1.html Thomas Corwin (1847) http://faculty.tnstate.edu/tcorse/20210/thomas_corwin.htm Alexander Hamilton, Report on Manufactures (1791) http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=326 Thomas J. Green Thomas Jefferson, Notes on the State of Virginia (1787) http://xroads.virginia.edu/~hyper/hns/yoeman/qxix.html M, 10/15: Midterm W, 10/3: Lesson on History Writing I M, 10/8: Formation of American Identity George Washington, Farewell Address (1796) http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/documents/documents_p2.cfm?doc=336 Thomas Jefferson to James Monroe, October 24, 1823 http://memory.loc.gov/cgibin/query/r?ammem/mtj:@field(DOCID+@lit(jm 040139)) W, 10/17: The Republic and Native Americans Short Essay 2 Assigned George Washington to Senate, August 11, 1790, Cherokee Indians http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/newnatn/nativeam/gwletter.h tml Andrew Jackson, Second Annual Message to Congress (1830) www.hist.umn.edu/hist1301/documents/jackson.doc http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/manifest/manifxx.htm W, 10/10: The West in the American Imagination John L. O’Sullivan, “The Great Nation of Futurity” (1845) http://www.mtholyoke.edu/acad/intrel/osulliva.htm “Memorial of the Cherokee Nation,” Nile’s Weekly Register (1830) http://lincoln.lib.niu.edu/teachers/lesson5-groupd.html Chief Seattle’s Speech (1854) http://faculty.sanjuancollege.edu/krobison/documents/ChiefSeattlesSpeech. htm 6 Red Jacket to Reverend Cram (1805) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5790/ http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/newnatn/nativeam/report.htm l Dee Brown “The Trail of Tears” http://www.faulkner.edu/academics/artsandsciences/socialandbehavioral/rea dings/hy/trail.asp Zitkala-Sa, “The Cutting of My Long Hair,” The School Days of An Indian Girl (1900) http://etext.virginia.edu/etcbin/toccernew2?id=ZitGirl.sgm&images=images/modeng&data=/texts/english/moden g/parsed&tag=public&part=2&division=div1 M, 10/22: Industrialization and Urbanization Long Essay 1 Due http://courses.cvcc.vccs.edu/history_mcgee/courses/his121/Primary%20Sou rce%20Documents/us1d21.htm Many documents, choose http://chnm.gmu.edu/mcpstah/wordpress/wpcontent/themes/tah/files/mckee_primary-sources.pdf W, 10/24: Immigration and Nativism Tyler Anbinder, “From Famine to Five Points: Lord Lansdowne's Irish Tenants Encounter North America's Most Notorious” http://www.historycooperative.org/journals/ahr/107.2/ah0202000351.html Samuel F. B. Morse, Imminent Dangers to the Free Institutions of the United States (1835) http://people.sunyulster.edu/voughth/antebellum_immopinions.htm The Know-Nothing Party Platform (1856) http://www.yale.edu/glc/archive/974.htm http://historicaltextarchive.com/sections.php?action=read&artid=785 http://b-womeninamericanhistory19.blogspot.com/2010/01/investigationinto-conditions-at-lowell.html Thomas Dublin, “Women, Work, and Protest in the Early Lowell Mills” http://f.asp2.si.edu/centerpieces/whole_cloth/u2ei/u2materials/dublin.html Josephine L. Baker, The Lowell Offering (1845) http://www.albany.edu/history/history316/SecondPeepatFactoryLife.html Factory Rules from Hamilton Manufacturing Company (1848) http://library.uml.edu/clh/All/ham2.htm Harriet Hanson Robinson, Loom and Spindle or Life Among the Early Mill Girls (1898) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5714/ http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/robinson-lowell.html M, 10/29: Slavery and the Political Economy of the South Short Essay 2 Due “Go Down, Moses” http://zorak.monmouth.edu/~afam/go_down_moses.htm W, 10/31: The Second Great Awakening and Reform Charles Grandison Finney, Lectures on Revivals of Religion (1835) http://chnm.gmu.edu/lostmuseum/lm/370/ Worcester, T.W. Higginson Consistent Democracy. Boston, R.F. Wallcut, 1858. http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/expref/crusader/democrcy.ht ml M, 11/5: Reform and Women Long Essay 2 Assigned The Harbinger (November 14, 1836) Declaration of Sentiments (1848) 7 http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/Senecafalls.html the south vindicated from the treason and fanaticism of the northern http://womhist.alexanderstreet.com/teacher/fmrs.htm Arguments in Support of Slavery http://www1.assumption.edu/users/lknoles/douglassproslaveryargs.html W, 11/7: Lesson on History Writing II Long Essay 1 Rewrite Due M, 11/12: VETERANS’ DAY (NO CLASS) W, 11/14: Antebellum Slavery and Abolitionism Uncle Tom’s Cabin (eventually 1 million copies sold) Appeal to Thomas Gage, Royal Governor of Massachusetts, (May 25 1774) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1774slavesappeal.html Benjamin Drew, Testimony of the Canadian Fugitives (1850) http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1826-1850/slavery/fugitxx.htm James Stirling, The Life of Plantation Field Hands (1857) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1857stirling.html Frederick Law Olmsted, A journey in the Seaboard States (1856) http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/D/1851-1875/olmsted/jourxx.htm (select one or two sections) may have one section on poor whites William Lloyd Garrison, Declaration of Sentiments of the American AntiSlavery Convention (1833) http://utc.iath.virginia.edu/abolitn/abeswlgct.html Frederick Douglass, “The Hypocrisy of American Slavery” (1852) http://www.ucs.louisiana.edu/~ras2777/amgov/douglass.html http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/randol55/randol55.html#rando6 http://docsouth.unc.edu/neh/henson81/ill2.html http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/douglass-hypo.html http://mac110.assumption.edu/aas/Manuscripts/ase183612.html M, 11/19: Defending Slavery http://www.digitalhistory.uh.edu/database/article_display.cfm?HHID=683 George Fitzhugh, "The Blessings of Slavery" (1857) http://occawlonline.pearsoned.com/bookbind/pubbooks/divine5e/medialib/ti meline/docs/sources/theme_primarysources_Slavery_16.html “The Negroes and the Poor” Atlanta Southern Confederacy Editorial (October 30, 1862). http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=1468 “The Happiest Laboring Class in the World”: Two Virginia Slaveholders Debate Methods of Slave Management (1837) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/5801/ W, 11/21: The Road to the Civil War, I Long Essay 2 Due 1820 Missouri Compromise, 1850 Compromise (Western States) Kansas Nebraska Act (1854)- emergence of republican party Dred Scott Case (1857) South Carolina Ordinance of Nullification (1832) http://avalon.law.yale.edu/19th_century/ordnull.asp “Southern Policy,” Vicksburg Daily Whig (1860) http://www.historians.org/projects/SecessionEditorials/Editorials/Vicksburg DWhig_01_18_60.htm M, 11/26: The Road to the Civil War, II John Brown 1860 Presidential Election (Lincoln offered to pay for South’s emancipated slaves as a compromise) (colonization plan to Latin America/W. Africa) http://odur.let.rug.nl/~usa/E/1850s/polixx.htm Daniel Webster, “Second Speech on Foot’s Resolution” (1830) 8 http://www.bpi.edu/ourpages/auto/2010/11/24/49099928/Webster_Primary _Source.pdf “Meet Brute Force With Brute Force,” Atlanta News (1874) http://www.auburn.edu/~lakwean/hist2010/doc1874_atlnews.html John C. Calhoun, Proposal to Preserve the Union (1850) http://web.utk.edu/~mfitzge1/docs/374/jcc1850.pdf Mary Ames, A New England Woman’s Diary in Dixie in 1865 W, 11/28: The American Civil War “Declaration of Causes” (1860) http://sunsite.utk.edu/civil-war/reasons.html Thaddeus Stevens, Speech on Reconstruction (1865) http://www2.volstate.edu/socialscience/FinalDocs/Civil%20War%20&%20 Reconstruction/stevens.htm Alexander H. Stephens, “Cornerstone Speech” (1861) http://www.fordham.edu/halsall/mod/1861stephens.html Howell Cobb to J. D. Hoover (January 4, 1868) Abraham Lincoln, "Emancipation or Preservation of the Union?," The New York Times, New York, August 25, 1862 http://mac110.assumption.edu/aas/Manuscripts/lincoln.html 1863 March, Conscription Act (20-45 age unless $300) to raise troops and funds led to class and race tension (July, NY draft riots) Fear of blacks overtaking Irish (often poor working class) jobs after emancipation (11 lynched) Abraham Lincoln, "The Emancipation Proclamation," January 1, 1863 http://mac110.assumption.edu/aas/Manuscripts/ep.html Debate Between Sen. John Coit Spooner and Sen. Benjamin Tillman (January 1908) http://history.hanover.edu/courses/excerpts/336tillman.html A Sharecrop Contract (1882) http://chnm.gmu.edu/courses/122/recon/contract.htm W, 12/5: Review Final Exam: 7:00am - 9:00am Wednesday, December 12th Long Essay 2 Rewrite Due http://teachingamericanhistory.org/library/index.asp?document=433 http://teachingamericanhistory.org/institutes/2002/lincoln_readings.html#3 http://mac110.assumption.edu/aas/Reports/harpriots.html General guidelines to writing a well-argued history paper: M, 12/3: Reconstruction Equality before the law protected by national statute http://memory.loc.gov/learn//features/timeline/civilwar/recontwo/sumner.ht ml Be specific! Do not use words such as “good” or “bad” to express your ideas. Make sure to pinpoint the exact topic you are addressing. Use MLA or CMS. Do not ever use Wikipedia for citations! Civil War Amendments Keith Weldon Medley, “Birth of ‘Separate But Equal’” Jourdon Anderson, Letter to “My Old Master” (1865) http://historymatters.gmu.edu/d/6369/ Answer the prompt with notes taken from class lectures, discussions and readings by linking different historical events/persons/ideas that influenced each other. Note: making valid and thought-provoking historical connections will drastically improve a student’s grade (e.g. The Nationalists’ defeat in 1949 were both caused by the corruption and 9 ineptitude of the Jiang regime as well as the Japanese invasion of China that took place in 1937) while making over-generalized statements such as “automobile culture is the mainstay of Californian life and will always be” will not. Contrast the views of Europeans of the fifteenth and sixteenth centuries with those of Native Americans and Africans they encountered on such topics as the environment, social relations, religious beliefs, and slavery. Which group do you consider "savage," "heathen," or "barbarian"? Explain your position. How and why did the Stamp Act politicize American colonists as never before? Identify and discuss the components that contributed to American economic growth from 1820 to 1860: The North, The South. Identify and discuss the reform era in antebellum America, the types of reform pursued, and the motivations of the reformers. What impact did these reform movements have on the coming split in the Union? Analyze the major developments between 1848 and 1861 that contributed to the Civil War. Compare the development of agriculture in the New England, mid-Atlantic, and southern colonies. How did different types of farming contribute to the formation of different types of societies in the three regions? Although far more European colonists came to the Chesapeake and Carolina colonies than to New England or Pennsylvania during the seventeenth century, life proved to be much more secure in the Puritan and Quaker colonies. Analyze how and why this was so. http://faculty.utep.edu/LinkClick.aspx?link=US_Documents.pdf&tabid=20250&mid=66166 Jonathan Edwards, “Sinners in the Hands of an Angry God” (1741) http://www.mesacc.edu/~toms hoemaker/handouts/edwards.ht ml