Enlightenment Thinkers
I.
The Big Picture, in Europe
a. Renaissance – changed the way man interpreted _______________
b. Reformation – changed the way man interpreted _______________
c. Age of Exploration – changed the way man interpreted the _____________, and Europe’s place in it
d. Scientific Revolution – changed the way man interpreted the ___________________
e. What’s next?!?!
i. Enlightenment = changed the way man interpreted ___________________________
1. What’s the most common form of government in the 18th Century?
____________________
2. Natural intellectual consequence of …
ii. Examination was based in __________________ NOT ______________________!
II.
The English Thinkers
a. Thomas Hobbes
i. Believed that man is evil and acts . . .
ii. A strong ______________ was needed to keep people in check
iii. Believed in . . .
iv. Hobbes’ idea of the Social Contract =>
v. Wrote The Leviathan
1. Gov’t should be . . .
2. “W/o gov’t, life would be . . .
b. John Locke
i. Wrote during the . . .
ii. Social Contract idea =>
iii. Inalienable rights
1. Life =>
2. Liberty =>
3. Property =>
iv. Also wrote Two Treatise on Government
1. Purpose of government is . . .
2. People have right to _______________ unjust government
III.
The French Philosophes
a. Jean Jacques Rousseau
i. Wrote The Social Contract
1. People are ______________
2. People need gov’t to . . .
3. People must have . . .
ii. Spoke a lot about “Popular Sovereignty”
1. Gov’t created by ____________________
2. Gov’t subject to . . .
3. Power of gov’t = _________________
b. Voltaire
i. Leading philosophe =>
ii. Salons
1. Rich people’s _______________________
2. Philosophes gathered to . . .
iii. Voltaire wrote Candide
1. Supported . . .
2. Often made fun of intolerant . . .
iv. “I may disapprove of what you say, but will die defending your right to say it”
c. Montesquieu
i. Wrote about . . .
ii. All gov’ts made up of ________________, ________________, & _____________
iii. Separation of powers important =>
iv. Checks and balances =>
v. Avoid gov’t with all power in . . .
IV.
One More Enlightenment Thinker: Beccaria
a. _________________ legal thinker
b. Wrote about. . .
i. Laws exist to ___________________________
ii. Criticized . . .
iii. Against capital punishment
iv. Punishment should be _____________ and fit the seriousness of the crime
v. All people had right to . . .