Quiz: The scientific revolution and the enlightenment
1. Explain why the scientific revolution occurred in Europe and not these following placesJapan, China, and the Islamic world.
2. What was being challenged during the scientific revolution?
3. The Scientific revolution involved key ideas of (there are more than 4)
1.
3.
2.
(Bonus).
4. Who (originally) had the idea of the geocentric universe and what was the geocentric
universe?
5. Before the scientific revolution, what were the 2 main ways of thinking about the universe?
(Be general)
6.
Heavenly Spheres” and this book suggested that
wrote “On the Revolutions of the
. Another way of defining this term is a way of thinking.
7.
wanted to disapprove (Answer to question 6)’s
theories, he said that the moon and sun revolve around the Earth.
8. Johann Kepler was a
scientist who said that the orbits that the planets
took were
and the closer the planets were to the sun, the and the
closer the planets were to the sun, the
they go. He fused the ideas of
Brahe and Copernicus.
9. Who proved that Copernicus’s theory was correct (the earth moves around the sun), observed
Jupiter’s moons, suggested that the sun itself rotates, and was forbidden by the Catholic Church
to teach?
10. Isaac Newton developed the
the
and wrote
yet still remained religious? His works stated that -
.
11. Most of the thinkers of the enlightenment were arguing using
.
12. Most of the thinkers of the enlightenment were criticizing
change in
and
and
and wanted
.
13. One of the key ideas of the enlightenment was that humans were no longer reliant on “The
Guardians of Truth.” Who were the guardians of truth?
14.
suggested that there was an abstract creator god who was
existent. A popular image of god was god as a
who creates
the world then lets it go without interference.
15. Deists believe that the laws of
and
control the
world, not
. Therefore, god is neither vengeful nor compassionate, but just
simply god. An example of a deist would be
.
16. Describe Pascal’s wager. Then explain why its not correct to argue the way that Pascal is
arguing.
17.
is the father of empiricism ad experimentation. He
developed the inductive method, which later derived the scientific method. The inductive
method was
.
18. “I think, therefore I am” “Cogito ergo sum” was from
and he suggested that the only thing you could really prove was your existence.
Political Philosophy
19. We have this figure, Thomas Hobbes. He suggested there was this idea of a “state of
nature.” What was this state of nature and what was Hobbes’s outlook on this? What did he
suggest for the government’s rule and what type of government did he suggest?
20.
was a hugely influential thinker who wrote “Candide.” He
argues for the freedom of religion, expression, and the separation of the church and state. He
approved of the glorious revolution. He also argued that reform should start with changing
first.
21. Montesquieu wrote the “
” and applied
scientific methodology to natural law. This could be considered as the birth of sociology. He
could’ve been very influential to people who wrote the constitution and Bill of Rights. He wad
very critical of absolutism.
22. Why do you think that Montesquieu would argue for a separation of powers?
23.
was the man who argued for the natural rights which
were life, liberty, and property (was later changed by T.J. to life, liberty, and pursuit of
happiness). He believes you need a government, just not a strong one. All knowledge is derived
from experience, humans get to choose their own destiny, not god. He believed the role of the
government was to
and
. He also argued for the
toleration of faiths.
24. Who was the thinker who was for the state of nature? He believed civilization and society
corrupted human nature. Also, he wrote Emile and believed that women should be in the house
for work.
25. Adam Smith wrote
. He was the most important
enlightenment economist. He developed the ‘invisible hand theory.” He also argued for the
infinite use of nature’s goods.
26.
was a very influential
female thinker of the enlightenment and she wrote the “
” and she accused other thinkers of limiting women’s
rights. She argued for equal education and later was a huge influence on the feminist
movement.
Bonus: What was her famous quote?