Endocrine System
Function of the Endocrine System

Regulate secretion of
hormones in order to
maintain homeostasis
•http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/article_em.htm
Types of secretion

Endocrine:
› Secretions within the body
› Ex: Insulin

Exocrine:
› Secretions outside of the
body
› Ex: Sebum
https://www.google.com/url?sa=i&rct=j&q=&esrc=s&source=images&cd=&cad=rja&uact=8&ved=0CAcQjRw&url=ht
tp%3A%2F%2Fwww.spar.co.zm%2Fhealth-wellbeing%2Fhealthy-eating-with-diabetes%2F&ei=6LEPVcSMcnloATAnoCYCA&psig=AFQjCNHwLk3yuhXqjRiPhVgd7gTw1RTsMg&ust=1427178333410440
http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-sebum.htm
Types of Hormones
Steroid
Non-steroid
Membrane permeable
Non-permeable to membranes
Receptors in the nucleus of target
cells
Receptors on membrane of target
cells
http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelWalls1/section-1-chapter-13
http://www.mhhe.com/cgibin/netquiz_get.pl?qfooter=/usr/web/home/mhhe/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry9/student/olc/art_quizzes/0697fq.htm&afooter=/usr/
web/home/mhhe/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry9/student/olc/art_quizzes/0697fa.htm&test=/usr/web/home/mhhe/biosci/genbio/m
aderinquiry9/student/olc/art_quizzes/0697q.txt&answers=/usr/web/home/mhhe/biosci/genbio/maderinquiry9/student/olc/art_quizz
Hypothalamus & Pituitary Gland
•http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course%20Materials/Physiology%20101/Chapter%20Notes/Fall%202011/chapter_6%20Fall%202011.htm
Pituitary Gland
•http://www.acbrown.com/neuro/Lectures/Hpth/NrHpthOtpt.htm
Anterior Pituitary Gland

Six hormones
› Growth Hormone (GH)
› Prolactin (PRL)
› Thyroid-stimulating Hormone
(TSH)
› Adrenocorticotropic Hormone
(ACTH)
› Follicle-stimulating Hormone
(FSH)
› Luteinizing Hormone (LH)
›
http://currentaffairsme.blogspot.com/2013/05/en
docrine-exocrine-glands.html
Posterior Pituitary Gland

Two hormones
› Antidiuretic Hormone (ADH)
› Oxytocin (OT)
Thyroid Gland
Consisted of two lobes
 Located below the larynx
 Hormones:

› Thyroxine (T4)
› Triiodothyronine (T3)
› Calcitonin
•http://www.yourdictionary.com/thyroid-gland
Parathyroid Gland





Located on the posterior
surface
Four parathyroid glands
Secretes Parathyroid
Hormone (PTH)
Regulated by negative
feedback
http://www.medicinenet.com/script/main/art.asp?articlekey=47
73
Adrenal Gland
•Located on top of kidneys
•Two parts:
•Adrenal medulla
(central portion)
•Adrenal cortex (outer
part)
•http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/ana
t2/notes/APIINotes1%20glands%20and%20hormone
s.htm
Adrenal Medulla

Secretes two hormones
› Epinephrine
› Norepinephrine
http://www.yourdictionary.com/adrenal-gland
Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal cortex hormone:
› Aldosterone:
 Regulates concentration of
electrolytes
 Causes kidney to conserve sodium
ions
 Maintains blood volume and blood
pressure
http://study.com/academy/lesson/adrenal-cortex-aldosterone-and-body-fluid-balance.html
Adrenal Cortex

Adrenal Cortex hormone:
› Cortisol:
 Affects glucose metabolism
 Influences protein and fat metabolism
 Promotion of fatty acid release
 Stimulating of liver cells
http://www.whitegroup.ls.manchester.ac.uk/research/stresshormonesandmetabolicsyndrome/
 Keeps glucose concentration in
normal range
 Inhibits protein synthesis  increases
blood concentration of amino acids
 Negative feedback controls cortisol
release
http://www.whitegroup.ls.manchester.ac.uk/research/stresshormonesandmetabolicsyndrome/

Digestive juice
Exocrine
Endocrine

Alpha cells secrete glucagon
Beta cells secrete insulin

•http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-pancreatic-mass.htm#didyouknowout
Melatonin
 Circadian rhythms
are sleep and awake
rhythms

•http://www.nabulsi.com/en/art.php?art=11665
Between lungs, under
the sternum
 Thymosin
 Production and
differentiation of T
lymphocytes

http://www.docticare.co.uk/pagine/Thymus-gland.aspx
•
•
•
Testes
Ovaries
Placenta
•http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/498625/human-reproductive-system

Heart secretes atrial
natriuretic peptide’
› Affects sodium in the body

Kidney produces
erythropoietin
› Red blood cells
http://www.thetahealth.com/human-heart-diagram-unlabeled/
http://comportamentohumanonotrabalho.com/2014/04/coping-estrategia-ao-estresse/





Threaten homeostasis
Tissue damage
Hypothalamus
Sympathetic nervous system
Cortisol, Glucagon, Growth
Hormone, Antidiuretic
hormone
http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-Sel-Vi/Stress.html
Diseases/ Illnesses
Osteoporosis
 Addison’s disease
 Cushing’s syndrome
 Diabetes

› Type I
› Type II

http://www.primarycareofappleton.com/ClinicServices/Radiolo
gy/DEXAScanBoneDensity.aspx
Work Cited
Addison's Disease and Adrenal Insufficiency Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from
http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/addisons-disease/addison-disease-adrenal-insufficiencyoverview
Adrenal gland dictionary definition | adrenal gland defined. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from
http://www.yourdictionary.com/adrenal-gland
APII Notes Home Page. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://legacy.owensboro.kctcs.edu/gcaplan/anat2/notes/APIINotes1 glands and hormones.htm
Chapter 6. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://droualb.faculty.mjc.edu/Course
Materials/Physiology 101/Chapter Notes/Fall 2011/chapter_6 Fall 2011.htm
Diseases of the Adrenal Cortex: Cushing's Syndrome. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from
http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/cushings-syndrome/diseases-adrenal-cortex-cushings-syndrome
Endocrine System Anatomy: Get Facts on Glands and Functions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from (n.d.). Retrieved
March 13, 2015, from http://www.nabulsi.com/en/art.php?art=11665
http://www.emedicinehealth.com/anatomy_of_the_endocrine_system/article_em.htm
Healthy Eating With Diabetes. (2012, October 24). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.spar.co.zm/health-wellbeing/healthyeating-with-diabetes/
Human Diseases and Conditions. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.humanillnesses.com/Behavioral-Health-SelVi/Stress.html
Human reproductive system. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://www.britannica.com/EBchecked/topic/498625/human-reproductive-system
NEUROSCIENCE: HYPOTHALAMUS: OUTPUTS. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://www.acbrown.com/neuro/Lectures/Hpth/NrHpthOtpt.htm
(n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.slideshare.net/MichaelWalls1/section-1-chapter-13
(n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://comportamentohumanonotrabalho.com/2014/04/coping
-estrategia-ao-estresse/
Osteoporosis Overview. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from
http://www.endocrineweb.com/conditions/osteoporosis/osteoporosis-overview
Study.com -. (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://study.com/academy/lesson/adrenal-cortex-
aldosterone-and-body-fluid-balance.html
Thyroid gland dictionary definition | thyroid gland defined. (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from
http://www.yourdictionary.com/thyroid-gland
What Is Sebum? (n.d.). Retrieved March 25, 2015, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-sebum.htm
What Is a Pancreatic Mass? (n.d.). Retrieved March 13, 2015, from http://www.wisegeek.org/what-is-a-pancreaticmass.htm#didyouknowout