Choices by Design, a Primer:
Finding and Using Openly Licensed Resources
October 20, 2014
Anita Walz arwalz@vt.edu
(I am not an attorney. This presentation does not constitute legal advice.)
Anita Walz
Assessment, Open Education & Online Learning Environments Librarian
Virginia Tech Libraries
arwalz@vt.edu
This image is in the public domain.
An invitation to learn about:
1.
2.
3.
4.
Copyright basics
What’s does openly-licensed mean?
Citing others’ work (aka “attribution”)
Finding openly-licensed works
© Screenshot from “Get Creative”
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA
Can it be copyrighted?
Yes
• Literary works, musical, and dramatic
works
•
• Choreographical & pantomime &
•
works
• Pictoral, graphic and sculptural works•
• Sound recordings
•
• Motion pictures and other
audiovisual works
•
• Computer programs
• Architectural works
No
Ideas, procedures, and methods
Titles, names, slogans (may be trademarked)
Facts, news, and research data
Works in the public domain
http://librarycopyright.net/resources/digitalslider
Unrecorded, unwritten, un“fixed”
works
Copyright Basics
Copyright holder’s exclusive rights (life + 70 years)
•
•
•
•
•
Reproduce
Distribute
Publically perform
Publically display . . . the work
Publically perform sound recordings by means of
a digital audio transmission
• Create derivative works
© Screenshot from “Get Creative”
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA
Copyright Exemptions
Chapter 17 of U.S. Code
• Section 107: Fair use
•
•
•
Also valuable (but not an exemption):
Documentation of how you arrived at the
exemption you used – that you acted “in good faith”
Section 108: Library copying
Section 109(a): First sale doctrine
Section 109(c): Exemption for public displays
• Section 110(1): Displays/performances in face to face teaching
• Section 110(2): Displays/performances in distance learning
•
•
•
Section 117: Computer software
Section 120: Architectural works
Section 121: Special formats for persons who are blind or have other disabilities
Case Law
•
Transformative use
You may want to (legally) …
•
•
•
•
•
Reproduce
Distribute
Publically perform
Publically display
Publically perform by means of a digital audio
transmission, and/or
• Create derivations of . . .
© Screenshot from “Get Creative”
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA
. . . works for which someone else owns copyright
4 Ways to (legally) respond:
1) Obtain permission/license rights
2) Identify an exempt or fair use in U.S. Copyright law
3) Link to a website, library website, library reserves &
eReserves
4) Use openly licensed materials or materials from
the public domain
Creative Commons Licenses
© Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA
http://mirrors.creativecommons.org/getcreative
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
Attribution Noncommercial “CC BY-NC”
Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike “CC BY-NC-SA”
Attribution NoDerivatives “CC BY-ND”
Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives “CC BY-NC-ND”
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as
long as they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating
of licenses offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as
they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses
offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they
credit the original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often
compared to open source software licenses. All new works based on a work licensed this way will carry
the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use.
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as
they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses
offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they
credit the original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often
compared to open source software licenses. All new works based on a work licensed this way will carry
the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use.
Attribution Noncommercial “CC BY-NC”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, and although their new
works must also acknowledge the original author and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their
derivative works on the same terms.
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as
they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses
offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they
credit the original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often
compared to open source software licenses. All new works based on a work licensed this way will carry
the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use.
Attribution Noncommercial “CC BY-NC”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, and although their new
works must also acknowledge the original author and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their
derivative works on the same terms.
Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike “CC BY-NC-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, as long as they credit the
original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Others can download and
redistribute this work just like the by-nc-nd license, but they can also translate, make remixes, and
produce new stories based on the work. All new work based on the original will carry the same license, so
any derivatives will also be non-commercial in nature.
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as
they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses
offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they
credit the original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often
compared to open source software licenses. All new works based on a work licensed this way will carry
the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use.
Attribution Noncommercial “CC BY-NC”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, and although their new
works must also acknowledge the original author and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their
derivative works on the same terms.
Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike “CC BY-NC-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, as long as they credit the
original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Others can download and
redistribute this work just like the by-nc-nd license, but they can also translate, make remixes, and
produce new stories based on the work. All new work based on the original will carry the same license, so
any derivatives will also be non-commercial in nature.
Attribution NoDerivatives “CC BY-ND”
This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along
unchanged and in whole, with credit to the original author.
© University of Michigan CC BY
http://www.lib.umich.edu/copyright/using-cc-licensed-material
http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0
6 Creative Commons Licenses
Attribution “CC-BY”
This license lets others distribute, remix, tweak, and build upon a work, even commercially, as long as
they credit the original author for the original creation. This is the most accommodating of licenses
offered, in terms of what others can do with a work licensed under Attribution.
Attribution ShareAlike “CC BY-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work even for commercial reasons, as long as they
credit the original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. This license is often
compared to open source software licenses. All new works based on a work licensed this way will carry
the same license, so any derivatives will also allow commercial use.
Attribution Noncommercial “CC BY-NC”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, and although their new
works must also acknowledge the original author and be non-commercial, they don’t have to license their
derivative works on the same terms.
Attribution NonCommercial ShareAlike “CC BY-NC-SA”
This license lets others remix, tweak, and build upon a work non-commercially, as long as they credit the
original author and license their new creations under the identical terms. Others can download and
redistribute this work just like the by-nc-nd license, but they can also translate, make remixes, and
produce new stories based on the work. All new work based on the original will carry the same license, so
any derivatives will also be non-commercial in nature.
Attribution NoDerivatives “CC BY-ND”
This license allows for redistribution, commercial and non-commercial, as long as it is passed along
unchanged and in whole, with credit to the original author.
Attribution NonCommercial NoDerivatives “CC BY-NC-ND”
This license is the most restrictive of the six main licenses, allowing redistribution. This license is often
called the “free advertising” license because it allows others to download works and share them with
others as long as they mention the original author and link back to them, but they can’t change them in
any way or use them commercially.
How to attribute openly licensed works
– Credit the author or other parties (as they specify)
– List the title & URL of the work (if available)
– Identify the license & URL of the license
(See also https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Best_practices_for_attribution and making notices machine
readable: https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking_Works_Technical
How to attribute openly licensed works
Use of ANY and ALL Creative Commons licensed works requires attribution
– Credit the author or other parties (as they specify)
– indicate the title & URL of the work (if available)
– Indicate the license & URL of the license
Examples:
© "Copyright Camp" by Greg Grossmeier from
http://www.flickr.com/photos/grggrssmr/4846187035, used under a Creative Commons
Attribution-ShareAlike license: http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-sa/3.0 (Adapted)
OR
Adapted from © Copyright Camp by Greg Grossmeier CC BY-SA
(See also https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Best_practices_for_attribution and making notices machine readable:
https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Marking_Works_Technical
Finding openly-licensed works
[Search screen] © Creative Commons http://search.creativecommons.org CC BY
Finding openly-licensed works
[Search screen] © europeana http://europeana.eu
Finding openly-licensed works
https://openclipart.org
Finding openly-licensed works
http://www.flickr.com
Finding openly-licensed works
http://www.flickr.com
Finding openly-licensed works
http://www.flickr.com
Finding openly-licensed works
“Concentration” ©University of Colorado CC BY
Finding openly-licensed works
https://soundcloud.com
Finding openly-licensed works
“Introduction to Algorithms” © MIT CC BY-NC-SA
http://ocw.mit.edu
Finding openly-licensed works
Finding openly-licensed works
http://openstaxcollege.org
Finding openly-licensed works
http://www.oercommons.org
http://www.jorum.ac.uk
http://www.merlot.org
Finding openly-licensed works
Google Advanced Search
https://www.google.com/advanced_search (scroll down to “usage rights”)
https://www.google.com/advanced_image_search (scroll down to “usage rights”)
More info: https://support.google.com/websearch/answer/29508?hl=
Finding openly-licensed works
Search by type:
Images OR media OR music OR video (find CCMixter, SoundCloud, Flickr & YouTube here!)
Creative Commons Search http://search.creativecommons.org
Syllabus
- Saylor Foundation http://www.saylor.org/courses
- Advanced Google search (filter by rights) https://www.google.com/advanced_search
- MIT OpenCourseWare http://ocw.mit.edu
Simulations
- PhET-Physics, chemistry, biology, earth science (University of Colorado) http://phet.colorado.edu
Short Video
KHAN Academy http://www.khanacademy.org
Vimeo http://www.vimeo.com
TED Talks https://www.ted.com/about/our-organization/our-policies-terms/ted-talks-usage-policy
Open Textbooks (full text, no cost, online)
- OpenStaxCollege (Rice University) http://openstaxcollege.org/books
- Open Textbook Library (University of MN) http://open.umn.edu/opentextbooks
- MERLOT II (California State University) http://www.merlot.org/merlot/index.htm
(select Material Type: “Open textbook”)
Virginia Tech Library’s Guide to Finding OER http://guides.lib.vt.edu/oer
. . . an alternative way for authors to share and
for users to save time & money
Find,
review,
adopt,
customize,
use
& share
Create, use
& share
Find,
review,
adopt,
customize,
use
& share
Find,
review,
adopt
customize,
use
& share
© Screenshot from “Get Creative”
Creative Commons CC BY-NC-SA
Find,
review,
adopt
customize,
use
& share
How and why to openly license?
Marking your work with a CC license
https://wiki.creativecommons.org/Mar
king_your_work_with_a_CC_license
Sharing so your work can be found
• Local: VTechWorks
http://vtechworks.lib.vt.edu/register
• MERLOT or OER Commons
http://www.merlot.com http://www.oercommons.org
• Your discipline’s sharing networks
• How do you already share?
What will you . . .
• Look for?
• Create, use & share?
Thank you! (and Questions?)