Sarcophagus of the
spouses
Etruscan
c. 520 BCE
Terracotta
Sarcophagus of
married couple, ashes
inside
Once held objects in
hands, possibly egg to
symbolize fertility
Temple of Minerva and
sculpture of
Apollo of Veii
(Veii, near Rome, Italy)
Master Sculptor Vulca
Etruscan
c.510 – 500 BCE
Wood, Mudbrick or
Tufa (volcanic rock)
Temple made of mud
brick and wood
Very little architecture
survives, models from
descriptions by
Vitruvius
Tomb of the Triclinium
Tarquinia, Italy
Etruscan
c. 480-470 BCE
House of the Vetti
Pompeii, Italy
Imperial Roman
c. 2nd C BCE
rebuilt 62-79 CE
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Plan
Atrium
Frescoes
Terra Cotta sculpture
Tufa (limestone) and
Fresco
Cut Stone & Fresco
Tomb
House of 2 brothers Freedmen who made
money as merchants
Reclining while eating,
banquet couch
Man has protective
gesture around woman
And woman is feeding
him…Symbolic of high
standing women had in
Etruscan society
Influences of Greek
architecture in the
columns and capitals.
Etruscan variation on
Greek Capitals, called
Tuscan order.
Men painted darker
than women
Named after an ancient
Banqueting couples
Roman dining table,
recline, eating in
appearing in fresco
ancient manner
Large reception area, Peristyle garden in rear
atrium - open to sky,
has a catch basin called Axial symmetry allows
impluvium in the
someone entering to
center.
see all the way through
to peristyle garden
No Exterior windows
Alexander Mosaic from
the House of Faun,
Pompeii
Republican Roman
c. 100 BCE
Mosaic
Roman floor mosaic
based on an original
Greek Mural painting
found at Pompeii
Alexander at left,
young, brave, assured
of success.
Darius in center right
on chariot, horrified,
surrendering victory
Complex interweaving
of figures
Head of a Roman
patrician
Republican Roman
c. 75-50 BCE
Marble
Bust of a man
Depicted as elderly
Influence of Greek
Extremely realistic face
Helenistic art
Called a veristic
Full of experience and
portrait
wisdom – desired traits
Deep crevices in face
Augustus of Prima
Porta
Imperial Roman
Early 1st c. CE
Marble
Idealized view of the
Roman Emeror
Contrapposto
Confusion between god
Barefoot indicates he is
and man, sense of
on divine ground
divine rule
Back not carved, placed Breastplate indicates
against a wall
he is a warrior, judges
Right hand held in
robes show him as a
Roman orator pose
civic ruler
Colosseum
(Flavian Ampitheater)
Rome, Italy
Imperial Roman
70-80 CE
Stone & Concrete
Wild, dangerous
spectacles – gladiator
combat, animal hunts,
not used in religious
prosecution
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Forum of Trajan
Rome, Italy
Apollodorus of Damascus
Forum & Markets
106-112 CE
Column of Trajan – 113 CE
Brick & Concrete
Architecture
Marble (Column)
Law Courts held here,
Apses for judges
50,000
spectators
Concrete core
Real name is
Flavian
Ampitheater
76 entrances &
exits circle the
façade
Interplay of
barrel vaults,
groin vaults, &
arches
Much of the
marble was
removed in the
Middle Ages
Nave is spacious and
wide
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Columns “lighten”
in order as the go
up each level:
Tuscan, Ionic,
Corinthian,
flattened
Corinthian
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Façade has
engaged columns
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Top level has
small brackets
used to hold
flagstaffs, anchors
for a retractable
canvas roof to
protect crowd on
hot days
Paid for by Trajan’s
spoils taken from
defeat of the Dacians
Pantheon
Imperial Roman
118-125 CE
Concrete with
Stone facing
Dedicated to the gods
2 Pediments, one
deeply recessed behind
the other.
Built to contain a
perfect sphere,
influenced by Greek
mathematical ideas
Ludovisi Battle
Sarcophagus
Late Imperial Roman
c. 250 CE
Marble
Battle sarcophagus
Very crowded surface:
Horror Vacui
Confusion of battle
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Oculus acts as
light source &
air
 Height =width
 Hemisphere
 Triumph of
concrete
construction
 Niches for
statues of gods
 When it was
made, it was the
largest dome in
the world and it
would be
hunreds of
years before
architects built
a dome of a
similar size
Roman army
slaughters barbarians
Roman general has no
helmet/invincible
Rome at war
throughout 3rd Century