Cells
Building
blocks of life!
Cell Discovery
Anton van Leeuwenhoek
•Early 1600’s
•Saw tiny organisms in
pond water
Robert Hooke
•1665
•Saw tiny chambers in
cork tissue
•Termed the tiny
chambers “cells”
Cell Theory
•
Three components:
1. All living things are composed of cells
2. Cells are the basic units of structure and
function in living things.
3. New cells are produced from existing cells.
Prokaryotes vs. Eukaryotes
•Smaller, simpler
•NO nucleus
•Bacteria
•Meet characteristics of life
•Include cytoplasm,
ribosomes, & genetic material
•All contain Nuclei
•Most contain organelles
•Unicellular or multicellular
organisms
•Animal, Fungi, Protist, &
Plant Cells
Cell Organelles
Make a “T-Chart” in your
notes
For the cell organelles, make a “T-chart”
in your notes by drawing a line down the
middle of your paper.
Title the RIGHT side “Cell Organelle
Names”
Title the LEFT side “Functions/jobs”
Mitochondria
Nuclear
Membrane
Centrioles
Microfilament
s
Microtubules
Nucleus
Nucleolus
Rough Endoplasmic
Reticulum
Ribosomes
Lysosomes
Plasma Membrane
Golgi Apparatus
(Golgi Body)
Smooth Endoplasmic Reticulum
Animal Cell Organelles
Plant Cell Organelles
Nuclear Envelope
Chloroplast
Nucleolus
Nucleus
Endoplamic
Reticulum
Cell Wall
Cell Membrane
Golgi
Apparatus
Mitochondria
Ribosomes
Vacuole
Microtubules
Plant Cell
Cell Membrane
-Protection and Boundary
- “Skin” of the cell
Cell Wall
•Stronger layer outside of cell membrane
•Support & Protect
•Found in Plants, some Protists, Fungi & Prokaryotes
•Not found in animals
Cytoplasm & Centriole
Cytoplasm
•Located between cell membrane & nuclear membrane
•Fills space in cell
Centriole
•Helps organize microtubules during cell division.
•Nuclear Membrane
-Surrounds Nucleus
-Protection, Boundary from Cytoplasm
•Nucleus
-Control Center
-Contains DNA
-3 Components
•Nucleolus
-Makes ribosomes
-”inner nucleus”
•Nuclear Pore
-Hole in Nuclear Membrane
-Allows materials in and out of nucleus
•Chromatin
-Genetic material made of DNA & proteins
-coils up to be chromosomes
-in nucleus
Endoplasmic Reticulum (ER)
•Internal membrane system
•Assembles components (lipids) of the cell
membrane (Smooth ER)
•Modifies proteins (Rough ER)
Ribosomes
•made of RNA & proteins
•Assembled in nucleolus
•Make proteins
•Golgi Apparatus
-Stores and moves products
made in the ER (ie. Proteins)
Lysosome
•Stores enzymes to digests fats, carbs, & proteins
•Breaks down old cell parts
Vacuole
•Primarily found in Plants
•Sac-like structure
•Stores water and products
•Tiny vacuoles (called vesicles) are found in animal cells
Chloroplast- site of photosynthesis
Found in plants & some protists.
-Contains Chlorophyll
-Uses sunlight, carbon dioxide, & water to make food
aka. photosynthesis
Mitochondria
•Converts food molecules into energy (the “powerhouse”)
•does process of cellular respiration
•Found in PLANTS & animals
•Contain their own DNA (inherit from Mom).