13 ENGLISH COLONIES
1607-1733
NORTHERN (NEW ENGLAND) COLONIES
Northern (New England) Colonies
●Massachusetts/Plymouth
●New Hampshire
●Rhode Island
●Connecticut
How Colonists Made a Living
Subsistence Farming: growing enough food to support one’s
family and selling a small amount of leftovers
Important Industries
Fishing, whaling, lumbering, ship-building, rum-making, small
scale manufacturing
Labor Source
Mostly free laborers and apprentices
Major Religion
Calvinism/Puritanism= Protestants with a strict moral code
who wanted to purify the Catholic Church
Predestination= belief that God decided at the beginning of
time who will go to heaven and who will go to hell
Non-tolerance= not accepting of other groups
TRIANGULAR TRADE
ENGLAND
NEW
ENGLAND
COLONIES
Sugar
WEST INDIES
Slaves
AFRICA
NORTHERN (NEW ENGLAND) COLONIES
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
John Winthrop
 Founder and first
governor of
Massachusetts
Bay Colony
 Wanted to create
a “city upon a hill
Anne Hutchinson
 Kicked out of
Massachusetts
Bay for
disagreeing with
Winthrop
Roger Williams
 Kicked out of
Massachusetts Bay
and Founded Rhode
Island for religious
dissenters
NEW ENGLAND GOVERNMENT
Theocracy
Voting Requirements
 A government based on religious
ideas
 white, male, landowner, 21 years
old, church member
NEW ENGLAND GOVERNMENT
Mayflower Compact
 Document that Pilgrims signed
before landing at Plymouth,
 First document creating self
government in America
Fundamental Orders of Connecticut
 First written constitution in
America
SOUTHERN COLONIES
Southern Colonies
How Colonists Made
a Living
●Virginia
●Maryland
●Georgia
●North Carolina
●South Carolina
Cash crops= crops grown in large quantities to be sold
*wealthy planters grew cash crops on large farms called plantations, but most
southerners were small farmers.
Important Industries Rice, tobacco, indigo
Labor Source
Slaves and Indentured Servants
Indentured servant= poor Englishmen who got a free trip to the colonies by
agreeing to work on a farm for 7 years
Major Religion
Church of England (Anglican)
Act of Toleration: Law passed in Maryland to allow both Catholics and
Protestants to worship freely
SOUTHERN COLONIES
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
John Smith
 Leader of
Jamestown colony
Lord Baltimore
 Founder of
Maryland
 Passed the Act of
Toleration
James Oglethorpe
 Founder of
Georgia
 Created Georgia
as a haven for
debtors
SOUTHERN COLONIES
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
Democracy
 Citizens vote for
people to
represent them in
the legislature
 No Church
involvement
House of Burgesses Voting Requirements
 First elected
legislature in
America
 Governed Virginia
 White, Male, Land
Owner, 21 years
old
LETTER FROM AN INDENTURED SERVANT
RICHARD FRETHORNE
1623
“…when we are sick there is nothing to comfort us; for since I came out of the
ship I never ate anything but peas, and loblollie (that is, water gruel). As for deer
or venison I never saw any since I came into this land. There is indeed some
fowl, but we are not allowed to go and get it, but must work hard both early and
late for a mess of water gruel and a mouthful of bread and beef. A mouthful of
bread for a penny loaf must serve for four men which is most pitiful.”
-- Richard Frethorne, 1623
MIDDLE COLONIES
Middle Colonies
●New York
●New Jersey
●Pennsylvania
●Delaware
How Colonists Made a Living
Farming Grain (Pennsylvania=breadbasket of the colonies)
Trade and Finance in New York
Important Industries
Lumber, Cattle, Iron Mining
Labor Source
Free Labor, Slaves, Indentured Servants
Major Religion
Quakers in Pennsylvania
Many different religions in New York
Toleration= accepting people with differences
MIDDLE COLONIES
IMPORTANT PEOPLE
William Penn
 Founder of Pennsylvania
 Wanted to create a “holy
experiment” –practice Quaker
ideals of tolerance, pacifism,
and anti-slavery
MIDDLE COLONIES GOVERNMENT
Democracy
 Citizens vote for
people to
represent them in
the legislature
 No Church
involvement