Identify the parts of the neuron on the slide:
Cell Body
Nucleus
Dendrites- Carry impulses TO CELL BODY
Axons- Carry impulses AWAY FROM CELL BODY
Know this model
Know the Meninges
Dura Mater- outter most
Arachnoid Mater- middle
Pia Mater- innermost
Parts of the Spinal Chord
3. Know the parts of the Spinal Cord Model
Posterior Median Sulcus
Anterior Median Fissure
Central Canal – filled with CSF
Gray MatterPosterior horn
Lateral horn
Anterior horn
Grey commisure- connects two halves of gray matter
White MatterPoterior funiculus
Lateral funiculus
Anterior funiculus
Spinal Nerve
Doral root- carries sensory impulse INTO spinal cord (afferent)
Dorsal root ganglion- contains SENSORY NEURON CELL BODIES
Ventral root- carries motor impulse AWAY from spinal cord (efferent)
4. Know the Periphereal Nerves
Peripheral Nerves
ARM: Radial - outside
Ulnar - inside
Median –middle
LEG: Sciatic – can only see on the left foot
Obturator- pass through the foramen
Femoral- runs down the femur
Know the Central Canal and the
White and Gray Matter
Know the parts of the brain model
Cerebrum
Cerebral hemispheres seperated by LONGIDUTINAL FISSURE
Corpus Callosum- connects the 2 cerebral hemispheres
GyriPrecentral – motor area
Postcentral – sensory area
SulciCentral Sulcus
Lateral Sulcus
Central LobesFrontal
Parietal
Temporal
Occipital
Broca’s Area- Motor speech area
Ventricles
Lateral Ventricles 3rd Ventricle 4th Ventricle
Diencephalon
Thalamus – gateway for sensory impulse (except smell)
Hypothalamus- PITUITARY GLAND and PITUITARY STALK
Pineal Gland – Melatonin
Cerebellum
Transverse fissure – separate cerebrum from cerebellum
Arbor Vitae- pattern of white matter in cerebellum
Brain Stem
Midbrain
Pons
Medulla Oblongata
Know the Cranial Nerves
I.
II.
III.
IV.
V.
VI.
VII.
VIII.
IX.
X.
XI.
XII.
Olfactory- Smell
Optic – Vision
Oculomotor- 4 eye muscles
Trochlear- 1 eye muscle
Trigeminal- sensory nerve of face
Abducens- 1 eye muscle
Facial- muscles for facial expressions
Auditory- equilibrium and hearing
Glossopharyngeal- innervates muscle of throat
Vagus- All major organs
Accesory- muscles of neck and shoulder
Hypoglossal- muscle of tongue
Know the reflex arc
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
Receptor
Sensory Neuron
Inner Neuron
Motor Neuron
Effector
Experiments
• Two point discrimination test – determines
the density of touch receptors in different
areas of the body.
Pressure sense acuteness – determine
the distribution of touch receptors
Adaptation of Touch Receptors –
number and strength of sensory
impulses changes overt time
Referred Pain – where pain is felt in one part of
the body when the stimulus is elsewhere
Experiments
• Localization of Taste – mapping of the taste
buds
• Hearing tests
Rinne’s – detects conduction deafness
Weber’s – detects nerve deafness
Visual Acuity- 20/20 1st number is your eye, 2nd number is healthy eye
What is this chart used for
Accommodation- Tests how old your eyes are
Blind Spot Determination- The blind spot is created by the area
where the optic nerve connects to the retina.
Photopupillary Reflex- Whenever the light
shines in the eye the iris constricts
• Negative Color After Image – resynthesize the
pigments opposites
Know the anatomy of the ear
Auricle
External Auditory Meatus
Tympanic Cavity holds
Malleus
Incus
Stapes
Tympanic Membrane
Auditory Tube
Oval Window
Vestibule
Semicircular canal
Cochlea
Round Window
Auditory Nerve (Vestibulocochlear)
Know the anatomy of the Eye
Eyelid
Lacrimal Gland
Lacrimal Sac
MUSCLES OF THE EYE
Obicularis Oculi- surrounds eye
Superior Rectus – rolls eye up
Inferior Rectus- rolls eye down
Lateral Rectus- rolls eye outward
Medial Rectus- rolls eye inward
Superior Oblique- rolls eye down
Inferior Oblique- rolls eye up
Outer tunic (layer)
Sclera- white
Cornea- transparent
Middle Tunic (layer)
Choroid coat- dark
Ciliary body with ciliary muscles
Suspensory ligaments
Lens- transparent
Iris- color varies
Pupil- hole in iris, allows light waves to reach retina, size of pupil
determined by iris
Inner Tunic (layer)
Retina- contains photoreceptors called RODS and CONES
RODS detect light, CONES detect color
Anterior cavity- located in front of the lens and
contains AQUEOUS HUMOR
Anterior chamber- between cornea and iris
Posterior chamber- between iris and lens
Posterior cavity- located between lens and
retina contains VITREOUS HUMOR