Attributes and Applications
Ralph.Santitoro@us.fujitsu.com
3Q09 Toronto Meeting
July 22, 2009

• CLE and COE: 2 implementations of Ethernet
• COE Attributes
• COE Applications
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Connectionless Ethernet (CLE) Challenges
• Ethernet switches forward frames to correct port based on destination MAC address (DA)
• If destination MAC address unknown, switches broadcast frames to all ports (called flooding)
• Flooding creates additional BW requirements on all links
• Amount of flooding is not predictable
– DA becomes known by “learning”
– DA becomes unknown when the bridges age out MAC table entries in their memory ~ 5 minutes
– Table entry will not age out if frames keep coming—but no one can control this
Flooding plays havoc with QoS and resource reservation
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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I know where C is (for now)
CE
A
B
CE
DA=C
Multipoint
EVC
DA=C
Where is C again?
CE
A DA=C
CE
B
Multipoint
EVC
DA=C DA=C
C C
CE CE
Destination MAC address has a known destination port
Flooding: Destination MAC address has unknown destination port
DA = Destination Address
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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CLE Challenges: Spanning Tree Protocol
A
CE CE
B A
CE
CE
B
D
CE
Link
Failure
CE
C
STP
Blocked
Link
Failover
D
CE
New STP
Blocked Link
CE
C
STP: up to 2s protection switching speeds. Difficult provisioning
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Connection-oriented Ethernet (COE)
• Provides explicit definition of Ethernet paths
– Disables Ethernet MAC address learning & flooding
– Ethernet paths could be:
• End to end (EVC)
• Individual network segments
• Resource reservation and admission control per
EVC per CoS
– Per-connection (EVC/Path) traffic management and traffic engineering
COE addresses the CLE challenges
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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COE Supported Network Topologies / MEF Service Types
Linear
E-Line Hub & Spoke
(E-Tree or Service
Multiplexed EVPL)
Mesh
(E-Line or E-Tree) Ring
(E-Line or E-Tree)
COE supports many topologies to support popular Ethernet services
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• COE does not use bridging control protocols
– NMS used to provision VLAN “cross connects” and tunnels
• COE relies on EMS/NMS for
– Setup working/protect traffic engineered EVCs or network segments
– Setup bandwidth profiles (CIR/EIR) with BW reservation
• CIR is really “guaranteed” like with SONET/SDH
– Other OAM function such as Fault Management
COE places more emphasis on the importance of the NMS
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Connectionless Ethernet
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
• Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
• Cost Effectiveness
SONET / SDH
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per STS / STM
• 99.999% Availability
• Highest Security (L1 service)
Connection-Oriented Ethernet
• Layer 2 Aggregation and Statistical Multiplexing
• Deterministic and precision QoS
• Bandwidth reserved per connection
• Flexible Bandwidth Granularity
• 99.999% Availability
• Cost effectiveness
• Highest Security
COE makes Carrier Ethernet more like a Layer 1 service but with all the benefits of Layer 2 Ethernet
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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11
Attributes
Explicit Definition of Ethernet Path
Resource Reservation and
Connection Admission Control
Per Connection QoS and Traffic Engineering
Robust Ethernet OAM
Carrier Class Service Protection
Benefits
Deterministic, Predictable,
Scalable, Secure
Guaranteed SLA’s
Bandwidth Profiles
Tiered Services
Comprehensive Monitoring and
Troubleshooting
< 50ms Protection / Restoration
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• Makes Ethernet more like SONET which has dominated the metro network
– Network operations procedures similar to SONET
– Smooth transition for SONET-trained operations personnel
• Easily scales to meet large scale metro connectivity and aggregation requirements
• Ideally suited for:
– EoX Aggregation for handoff to service edge networks
– Mobile Backhaul Networks
– High Performance EVPL and EPL services
COE focus today: Service Delivery and Infrastructure in the Metro
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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MPLS-centric COE
Static PW T-MPLS MPLS-TP
Ethernet-centric COE
PBB-TE
VLAN Tag
Switching
Eth
PW
MPLS LSP
PW
Eth
• Ethernet
• MPLS Pseudowire (PW)
• MPLS Label Switched Path (LSP)
Eth
S-VLAN or PBB-TE
• Ethernet
Eth
• Ethernet-centric COE now being used in metro networks
• MPLS-centric COE
– Standards being developed.
– Proposed usage for interconnection of MPLS core routers
Ethernet-centric COE being deployed today
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Standardized Services
• EPL, EVPL, EP-Tree, EVP-Tree
• MEF 6, MEF 10.2
Deterministic QoS
• Low Delay, Delay Variation, Loss
• Y.1731, 802.1ag, MEF 10.2
• Bandwidth Resource Reservation
High Scalability
• Millions of EVCs
• Layer 2 Aggregation
• Statistical Multiplexing
COE
Attributes
Full Service Management
• Link Fault Management
• 802.3ah
• Service (EVC) Fault Management
• Y.1731, 802.1ag,
Security
• Bridging disabled - no vulnerabilities
• L2 DOS attacks mitigated
• MAC DOS attacks mitigated
High Reliability
• 50ms Protection / Restoration
• G.8031
• 802.3ad Link Aggregation
COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier Ethernet
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• Management VLANs isolated from Subscriber traffic
– similar to DCN isolation from subscriber traffic in SONET networks
• With COE, MAC Address Learning / Flooding is disabled
– MAC Address spoofing cannot occur
– MAC table overflow DOS attacks cannot occur
• With COE, vulnerable Layer 2 Control Protocols (L2CPs) like STP are disabled
– Protocol-based vulnerabilities (DOS attacks) are mitigated
• With COE, bridging is disabled so additional ports cannot be bridged to the point-to-point service
– Traffic snooping cannot occur
COE provides security comparable Layer 1 (EoSONET) but without any of SONET bandwidth utilization issues
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Standard
Fault
Management
ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag
Tunnel Layer
ITU-T Y.1731 / IEEE 802.1ag
Service (EVC) Layer
IEEE 802.3ah
Link (physical) Layer
Comparable to
SONET
STS Path / VCG
VT1.5 or STS Path
SONET Line
FLASHWAVE
CDS
EVC1
EVC2
FLASHWAVE
CDS
FLASHWAVE
CDS
EVC3
Link
Tunnel OAM
Service OAM
EVC1, 2 and 3
FLASHWAVE
CDS
MSC
Link OAM
COE leverages the complete set of Ethernet OAM standards
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• IEEE 802.3ad Link Aggregation Groups (LAG)
– For local (link level) diversity and protection
– If any fiber or port in LAG fails, other LAG members share the load
– Can implement 1:1 protection with working/protect LAG members
• ITU-T G.8031 Linear Path Protection
– for EVC path diversity and sub-50ms path protection
– Similar to SONET 1+1 UPSR path protection
– Simple Provisioning: Setup Working path and Protect path
– Independent of Network Topology
• Rings, Meshes, Multiple Rings and Linear Topologies
COE achieves high availability via multiple levels of protection
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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COE Provides Dedicated Protection Switching
• Ethernet Linear Protection (ITU-T G.8031)
– Dedicated protection resources
– < 50ms protection switching time
– Simple provisioning
Link
Failure Failover
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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SONET
1+1
OC-N
1+1
OC-N
1+1
OC-192
UPSR
1+1 OC-N 1+1 OC-N
1:1
LAG
GE
1:1
LAG
GE
G.8031
1:1
LAG
10GE
10GE
1:1
LAG
10GE
COE protection similar to SONET
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• Transport and Infrastructure
– Layer 2 Aggregation to Service Edge Networks
– Mobile Backhaul
– Triple Play Residential Broadband Backhaul
• IPTV, Video on Demand, Internet Access, Voice
– Access to Network-based IP/MPLS VPNs
– Access to MPLS Inter-Metro Core Network
• Service Delivery
– Layer 2 connectivity services
• EPL and EVPL
• EP-Tree and EVP-Tree
– Ethernet Internet Access (EIA)
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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COE for Layer 2 EoX Aggregation Infrastructure
23
EoF
GbE/10GbE
GbE/10GbE
Internet Access
VoIP/ IMS
Eo λ
NxDS-1
NxDS-3
EoPDH
PDH Access
Network
EoCu
Copper Access
Network
EoS
SONET
GbE
IP VPN
MPLS Inter-Metro
LD Core
MTSO
Video Serving Office
Switched Ethernet
Services
CPE EoX Access Aggregation Service Edges
COE for Ethernet Aggregation for all Service Edge Networks
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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EPL
UNI
UNI
EVC
UNI
COE
Network
EVC UNI
EVPL
Service
Multiplexed
UNI
UNI
Retail Ethernet Services
EVC UNI
COE
Network
EVC UNI
UNI
COE
Service
Provider
Network
EVC
E-NNI
Wholesale
Access Provider
Network
OVC
UNI
COE
Wholesale Ethernet Services
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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Cell Sites
UNI
COE Backhaul
Transport Network
UNI
UNI
UNI
UNI
MTSO
• E-Line and E-Tree Service Types highly suitable for Mobile Backhaul Networks
COE meets the stringent requirements of Mobile Backhaul
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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• COE is a high performance implementation of Carrier
Ethernet
– With added Security benefits
• COE provides a common metro EoX aggregation solution
– for Ethernet access to all service edge networks
• COE facilitates the evolution of SONET metro transport networks to Carrier Ethernet
– COE is operationally similar to SONET
Connection-oriented Ethernet Applications – 3Q09 Marketing Meeting – Toronto
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