World War II
The most destructive world
military conflict to date
Assignments: All due no later than
Monday October 21
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#1: Complete a History Frame based on what you learn from the lesson.
Follow the directions listed on the sheet of paper I provide for this
assignment.
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#2: Select one (1) leader from the Axis Powers and one (1) leader from
the Allied Powers and complete a Compare/Contrast Chart based on what
you learn from the lesson. Follow the directions listed on the sheet of
paper I provide for this assignment.
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#3: RAFT paper: select any aspect of WWII and write a full page
narrative as a person who is experiencing first hand any of the events
illustrated within the PPT. You can be a leader, follower or observer from
any country directly involved in the hostilities that occurred during WWII
[if you have any questions about a potential role do not hesitate to ask].
You must also include a matching image you create that aligns with your
narrative.
Four Corners Discussion Statements
1.
Germany was justified in attempting to regain its position as
an international world power after WWI.
2.
There is nothing wrong with using violence and intimidation
by a government to control its own citizens.
3.
Democracy is preferable to totalitarian or monarchy style
government.
4.
If a government perceives one group of its citizens as too
wealthy and financially successful it can use any tactic it sees
fit to take away that group’s wealth and success.
5. Wealthy people who lost everything every thing during the
stock market crash deserve sympathy.
All students must be ready to discuss the questions above in class by
Friday during class.
Germany’s Gripes
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Germany was demoralized by the peace
terms it was forced to accept at the
conclusion of WWI.
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The excessive financial reparations it
was forced to pay to repair damage
caused by the war in Europe deformed
the German economy and worsened an
already wounded world economy fueled
by speculation on world financial
markets and accelerated by the Black
Tuesday in New York City.
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German WWI vets such as Adolf Hitler
wanted to help regain Germany’s
rightful place as a dominant world
power.
Who was involved in WWII?
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Axis Powers:
Germany, Japan,
Italy
Allied Powers:
France, England,
Soviet Union
United States
Similar to the sides
during WWI.
Countries and their leaders
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Germany was lead by Adolf Hitler
[Fuehrer] for about 12 years.
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Leader of Germany’s Nazi party.
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Main ideas of his
government:
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Totalitarianismgovernment establishes and
maintains total control over
its citizens.
white supremacy
Strong military
Control of Central Europe
Elimination of Jews
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Countries and their leaders
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Italy was led by Benito
Mussolini [president] for
about 22 years.
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Leader of Italy’s Fascist
party.
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Main ideas of his
government:
Extreme nationalism
 Strong military
 Against personal freedom
 Against big business
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Countries and their leaders
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Japan was led by Emperor
Hirohito for about 20 years.
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Absolute Monarch of Japan.
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Main ideas of his
government:
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Modern version of ancient
Japan.
Held absolute control over
people’s lives.
Viciously loyal military.
Wanted control over
fellow oriental Asians
[China and Korea].
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Axis Powers
These countries combined to form the Axis Powers.
 Germany, Italy and Japan
 Fought against the Allied Powers.
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Countries and their leaders
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The United States was led by
Franklin D. Roosevelt
[president] for about 12 years.
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Leader of the Democratic party.
Main ideas of his
government:
The government should
help its people to succeed
and survive.
 All people should work.
 Private companies must
help the government when
it needs to.
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Countries and their leaders
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The Soviet Union was led by
Josef Stalin [Communist party
leader] for about 30 years.
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Leader of the Communist
party.
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Main ideas of his
government:
Control every portion of
people’s lives.
Strong military.
Have equality among
regular people.
No private businesses for
profit.
Countries and their leaders
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Great Britain was led by
Winston Churchill
[Prime Minister] for about
10 years.
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Prime Minister of England.
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Main ideas of his
government:
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England must be a strong
leader in the world.
Government must help
people succeed.
England must cooperate
with its fellow countries.
Causes of World War II
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Treatment of Germany after W.W.I [signing of guilt
clause, payment of reparations 1918].
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The Great Depression [stock market crash of 1929].
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Holocaust [organized murder of Jews, Gypsies and
handicapped people by Nazi Germany 1932-1944].
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German invasions of their neighbors
[Czechoslovakia and Poland 1938-9].
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Japan’s attack on U.S. Naval base [Pearl
Harbor, Hawaii 1941]
Images of the Great Depression
Images of the Great Depression
What caused the Great Depression?
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In 1929 the Stock Market
crashed [called Black
Tuesday].
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What does that mean?
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The value of American
companies plunged.
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People were fired from
their jobs and banks were
forced to close.
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Almost all the money was
gone.
Road to the Holocaust
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Before the Great
Depression some of
the richest people in
Germany were
Jews.
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Owned businesses
[department stores,
jewelry stores and
banks].
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Some non-Jewish
Germans became
envious and
hateful.
Kristallnacht
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The night of the broken glass.
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Two day reign of terror led
by German Nazi Storm
troopers on November 9-10,
1938.
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Destroyed private property
of Jews in Germany and
Austria.
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Homes, shops and businesses
were ransacked and ravaged.
Images of the Holocaust
Images of the Holocaust
Images of the Holocaust
German Aggression towards its neighbors
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Why did Germany attack its neighbors?
To gain more territory.
To show its power and inflict fear in other countries.
Munich Pact [Munich Agreement] of Sept. 30, 1938
European countries became nervous over Germany’s invasions.
 England’s Prime Minister [before Churchill] met with Hitler.
 What did Hitler tell him?
 Czechoslovakia was all Hitler wanted and no one else had to be
worried about future German invasions. It was a lie and England
(AND ITS ALLIES) did not respond militarily against Hitler.

World’s reaction to Germany’s aggression
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England was persuaded to abandon
Czechoslovakia.
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England persuaded her allies to appease
Germany as well.
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Germany did not stop there it attacked
Poland, Austria, France, England and
many others.
Neutrality Acts
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The United States, led by F.D.R., decided it was best to remain
isolationist as much as possible.

However, the U.S. did provide opportunities for foreign nations to trade
with it. The U.S. passed so-called Neutrality Acts in 1935, 1936, 1937
and 1939.
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Weapons and supplies were sold to European nations friendly to the
United States.
President Franklin Roosevelt’s Quarantine’s
Speech
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F.D.R. believed it was in the United
States’ best interest to avoid nations
that were involved in aggression
towards other nations.
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F.D.R. did not mention specific nations
but it was obvious he was talking
about Italy, Japan and Germany
who had attacked other nations in
Asia and Europe.
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The speech raised tension between
the U.S. and the aggressor nations.
Non-Aggression Pact [MolotovRibbentrop Pact
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This was a pledge [promise] by
Germany and the Soviet Union to
remain neutral if either country
was attacked by another country.
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The pact was signed on August
23, 1939 but was violated by
Germany on June 22, 1941 after
it invaded the Soviet Union.
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Unfortunately due to very harsh
weather the German invasion
ended in disaster with heavy
casualties and surrenders.
Four Freedoms
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F.D.R. delivered a State of the Union
Address [Youtube speech] on January 6,
1941 about what he called the Four
Freedoms.
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Roosevelt told Congress that he looked
forward to a word founded on:
[1] Freedom of speech and expression
[2] Freedom of worship [religion]
[3] Freedom from want [basic standard of
living is met]
[4] Freedom from fear based on reduced
military armaments
Roosevelt hoped to provide clear goals for
the United States and its role in World
War II and to also explain what it was
fighting for.
Lend-Lease Act of 1941
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In order to avoid conflict and remain a non-combatant F.D.R. tried to
comply with the Neutrality Acts he decided to limit involvement to lending
military equipment and lending money to foreign nations.
The legislation raised German suspicions toward the U.S. and it stepped up
U-boat attacks on Allied ships.
After the war the U.S. received returned equipment and discounted by 90%
money it lent to foreign nations.
Selective Training and Service Act of 1940 [BurkeWadsworth Act]
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To prepare for a possible war with Germany and its Axis alliance the
Congress passed and President Roosevelt signed into law the Selective
Training and Service Act of 1940.
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All U.S. citizens aged 21-35 had to register with the Selective Service
Administration. After the U.S. entered the war all men aged 18-65 had to
register and those aged 45 and under were liable from conscription [draft].
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900,000 men at a time were trained at bases throughout the U.S.
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Some men could be excused as conscientious objectors but had to serve in
a military or civilian support role.
Rosie the Riveter
During World War II with most men overseas
fighting the Axis Powers many women worked
industrial factory jobs to produce war supplies.
 The manual labor that women performed was much
different than the stereotypical domestic and clerical
work many women were accustomed to.
 There contributions to the war effort was essential to
the U.S. victory. “Rosie the Riveter” became an
iconic image used as propaganda to motivate women
to perform non-traditional factory jobs.
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W.A.C.s [Women’s Army Corps]
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Beginning in 1942 an all female
U.S. army unit called the
Women’s Army Corps was formed
and given full active status in
1943.
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The unit performed support role
such as air traffic control for the
U.S. Army Air Corps [forerunner
of the Air Force].
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There was significant opposition
to the female service personnel
by traditionalists therefore a
female draft was never begun.
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General McArthur called the WACs
his best soldiers because they
were worked harder, complained
less, and had more discipline than
men.
Manhattan Project
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In 1941 the U.S. Army Corps of Engineers started a top secret
program to create a weapon of mass destruction.
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The program was code named Manhattan.
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Scientists from countries such as Italy, Germany, Austria and the
U.S. were able to enrich uranium and plutonium.
The process was based on atomic chain reactions which massive
amounts of energy to release.
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The weapon became known as the atomic bomb
Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Harbor
Japan’s Aggression at Pearl Harbor
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On December 7, 1941 Japan
attacked the U.S. Naval base at
Pearl Harbor, Hawaii.
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The attack was done using war
planes.
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Attack was a near total surprise
but killed over 2,000 U.S.
servicemen.
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F.D.R. called the day one “that
would live in infamy.”
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The United States declared was
against the Axis powers days
after.
The War in the Pacific
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The Japanese military was extremely disciplined, highly trained, and
dedicated.
Many naval battles involving battleships and destroyers were fought in the
Pacific Ocean near Japan and on islands defended by the Japanese such as
the Philippines, Iwo Jima and Okinawa.
To save time, resources and American lives the U.S. military “hopped” to
different Pacific islands in knew if could take over quickly and use as supply
storage and troop launching points.
This strategy was called island hopping and helped secure U.S. victory.
Operation Overlord and D-Day
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On June 6, 1944 General Eisenhower,
the Supreme Allied Commander and
highest ranking military officer
unleashed the most ambitious
invasion in U.S. history.
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U.S. and British Paratroopers
(parachute soldiers) were dropped
behind German enemy lines.
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Thousands of U.S., British and
Canadian marines and soldiers exited
landing craft (small boats) to invade
by foot under heavy German machine
gun fire, land mines, barbed wire
defenses and bunkers.
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The U.S. and its allies successfully
captured all German controlled
French targets.
Kamikazes
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Ritual suicide was carried out by
Japanese fighter pilots against
their enemies during WWII.
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Japanese fighter pilots
[Kamikaze] crashed their planes
into American ships.
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Why?
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The pilots promised their Emperor
they would give their lives rather
than return to Japan as failures.
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Pilots emptied their machine guns,
torpedoes and bombs then very
often crashed their planes into
U.S. ships to kill as many men as
possible.
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Death before dishonor
The United States Strikes Back!
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Within three days of each other
the United States dropped two
atomic bombs.
Code names were Fat man and
Little Boy
First one on Hiroshima, Japan.
Second one on Nagasaki,
Japan.
At least 80,000 killed instantly.
Many more died due to
radiation poison later on.
Fat man and Little Boy
The End of World War II
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Germany was defeated by the Allies by May of 1945 called VE
Day [Victory over Europe day].
Japan surrendered to the United States on in September 1945
called VJ Day [Victory over Japan day].
The Aftermath of the War
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The allied powers split up
and Russia became an
“enemy” of the United
States.
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Germany was split into two
separate countries creating
the Berlin Wall
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In a speech at an American
College Winston Churchill
described the spread by
saying “it appears an iron
curtain has descended over
Eastern Europe.”
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Japan was occupied by the
United States and was not
allowed to have a military.
Sources
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