Chapter 9-1
1. Introduction
a. As part of homeostasis, your body tells you when you need food for energy by
making you feel hungry.
b. Food serves as a source of chemical energy for living things.
c. Animals and plants need to breakdown food (even if they made it
themselves!)
2. Glycolysis
a. Process of breaking down food for energy begins with glycolosis (means that
sugar/glucose is splitting).
i. occurs in the cytoplasm of cells
ii. only releases small amount of energy
ii. depending on if oxygen is present or not, leads to two different reactions
DRAW THE GLYCOLYSIS REACTION:
Glycolosis – what to remember
IN –
C6H12O6
OUT
NET
pyruvic acid
2ATP
2 ADP
4ADP
4 ATP
2 NAD+
2 NADH
2 ATP
3. Fermentation
a. Releases energy from food by producing energy when oxygen is NOT present.
i.anaerobic means “not in air”.
b. electron carrier molecule = NADH
b. Alcoholic fermentation
-done by bacteria, yeast and other microorganisms
-used to make alcohol and bread
WRITE THE ALCOHOLIC FERMENTATION REACTION:
Pyruvic acid + NADH -------- alcohol + CO2 + NAD+
NAD+ gets reused
c. Lactic acid fermentation
-occurs in your muscles during anaerobic exercise
-done by humans/animals and bacteria
-used to make cheese, yogurt, and pickles
WRITE THE LACTIC ACID FERMENTATION REACTION:
Pyruvic acid + 2 NADH ---- lactic acid + NAD+
Chapter 9-2
1. Introduction
a. Need oxygen to complete cell respiration.
b. The word “respiration” has to do with breathing, which is needed to get more
energy out of food.
c. Cell respiration begins with glycolosis to break glucose in half.
WRITE THE EQUATION FOR CELL RESPIRATION:
C6H12O6 + 6O2 ----- 6CO2 + 6H2O + energy
Glucose
oxygen
carbon
dioxide
water
energy (ATP)
Steps of Cell Respiration:
1. glucose is broken down into pyruvic acid during glycloysis. This occurs in the
cytoplasm of the cell.
2. Pyruvic acid enters the Krebs Cycle which occurs in the mitochondrion. Carbon
dioxide is released as a waste product. The electron carriers NADH and FADH2 are
charged up and go to the electron transport chain. Some energy (ATP) is produced.
3. In the presence of oxygen, the high-energy electrons from the Krebs cycle are used
to generate ATP. Water is released as a waste product.
COMPLETE THE TABLE FOR CELL RESPIRATION:
Glycolysis
Krebs Cycle
ETC
Electron transport
chain
location in cell:
cytoplasm
Mitochondrion
Mitochondrion
what goes into the
Glucose from food
Pyruvic acid from
oxygen from the air
glycolosis
and NADH and
reaction:
FADH2 from Krebs
Cycle
what comes out of
Pyruvic acid goes to
Carbon dioxide
Water released as
the reaction:
Krebs Cycle
released as waste
waste and ATP
and NADH and
used for energy
FADH2 goes to
ETC
TOTAL ATP PRODUCED IN CELL RESPIRATION: _____36__________