Petroleum Engineering 406
Introduction
Introduction
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Introduction to course
Class hours
Grading
Textbooks
Schedule
Introduction to Well Control
Introduction
• Description: (3-0). Credit 3. II
– Well control; underbalanced drilling; offshore
drilling; horizontal, extended, reach, multilateral drilling; and fishing operations
– Prerequisite: PETE 411
• Classes:
• Richardson:
8:00 – 8:50 a.m. MWF
313
Introduction
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Instructor: Jerome J. Schubert, PE
Office:
501K Richardson
Hours:
9:00 - 11:00 a.m. TR
Phone:
979/862-1195
e-mail:
schubert@spindletop.tamu.edu
Notes:
http://pumpjack.tamu.edu/~schubert
Grading
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QuizA:
Quiz B:
Final:
Hmwk:
Project:
20%
20%
20%
20%
20%
Textbooks
• Applied Drilling Engineering
– Bourgoyne, Chenevert, Millheim, Young
• Well Control Manual
– Schubert
• Handouts, Technical papers, etc.
Course Content
• Well Control
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Kicks
Blowouts
Terminology
Basic Well Control Calculations
Causes of Kicks
Kick Detection
Shut-In Procedures
Course Content
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Well Kill Procedures
Equivalent Mud Weights
Casing Seat Tests
Kick Tolerances
Gas Kicks
Abnormal Pressure
Casing Seat Selection
Course Content
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Well Control Equipment
Unusual Well Control Operations
Shallow Gas
Subsea Well Control
Course Content
• Underbalanced Drilling, UBD
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Introduciton to UBD
UBD techniques
Benefits
Equipment
Selecting candidates
UBD engineering
Course Content
• Offshore Drilling
– Platform Rigs
– Jackup rigs
– Floating Drilling
Course Content
• Dual Gradient Drilling
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Introduction to DGD
U-tube concepts
Pressure profiles
DGD well control
Petroleum Engineering 406
Lesson 1
Well Control
Well Control
• Kick
– “an unscheduled entry of formation fluids into
the wellbore, of sufficient Quantity to require
shutting in the well.
• Blowout
– Loss of control of a kick
Blowout
Blowouts
Well Control
• Blowout
– Surface
– Underground
• Blowouts caused by
– equipment failure
– human error
Well Control
• Engineers in office can aid in well control
by:
– Provide pressure profiles for all pending wells
– Provide offset information such as logs, bit
records, mud reports, drilling records.
– Provide support and assistance personnel on
location.
Well Control Terminology
• Hydrostatic pressure = .052 x MW x TVD
Hydrostatic Pressure
• Derive HSP equation
• Calculate the HSP for each of the following:
– 10,000’ of 12.0 ppg mud
– 12,000’ of 10.5 ppg mud
– 5,000’ of 11.2 ppg mud on top of 6,000’ of 16.5
ppg mud
Hydrostatic Pressure
• Derive HSP equation
– Area
= A, sq.ft.
– Height = h, ft.
– Density = MW, ppg
• Weight of fluid =
– A*h (ft3)*62.4 lb/ ft3
*MW/8.33
– =62.4/8.33*MW*A*h
A
MW
h
Hydrostatic Pressure
• This weight is equally distributed over an
area of A sq.ft or 144*A sq. in.
• Pressure = Weight (force)/area
• = 62.4*MW*A*h
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8.33*144*A
• P=.052*MW*h
where h=TVD
Terminology
• Pressure Gradient
– psi/ft = .052 x MW
– ppg equivalent
• Formation Pressure
– Normal pressure
– Abnormal pressure
– Subnormal pressure
Terminology
• Overburden pressure
– function of rock and fluid above zone of
interest
• Fracture pressure
Terminology
• Pump pressure or
system pressure loss
Terminology
• Slow Pump Pressure
• Taken:
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every tour by each driller
pumps repaired or liners changed
mud properties change
every 500’ of hole
change in BHA
bit nozzles changed
Terminology
• Surge pressure
• Swab pressure
Terminology
• Shut-in drillpipe pressure - SIDPP
– FP = HSPdp + SIDPP
• Shut-in casing pressure - SICP
– FP = HSPcsg mud + HSPinflux + SICP
• Bottom-hole pressure - BHP
– BHP = HSP + SIP + Friction + Surge - Swab
U-Tube Concept
Basic Calculations
• Dia, in - cap, bbl/ft
Capacity  ID 2  1029
AnnularCap 
2
2
IDhole
 OD pipe
1029
wt / ft
2600
wt / ft OD 2  ID 2
DCdisp 

2750
1029
Wetdisp  Capacity  disp
DPdisp 
Basic Calculations
• Pump Output
– Duplex Pump

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
TPOduplex  0.000162  SL  2  LD2  RD 2  eff
– Triplex Pump
TPOtriplex  0.000243  SL  LD  eff
2
Basic Calculations
Basic Calculations
• Kill Weight Mud
– KWM = SIDPP/(0.052 x TVD) + OWM
– KWM = FP/(0.052 x TVD)
Weight material to add to increase density
MudVol 14.7  ( KWM  OWM )
sxBarite 
35  KWM
PitGain  sxBarite / 14.7
MudVol 15.96  ( KWM  OWM )
38  KWM
PitGain  sxIlmenite / 15.96
sxIlmenite 
MudVol 17.64  ( KWM  OWM )
sxIronOxide 
42  KWM
PitGain  sxIronOxide / 17.64
MudVol  25.2  ( KWM  OWM )
sxGalena 
60  KWM
PitGain  sxGalena / 25.2