Classification
grouping of different types
of organisms based upon
similarities in structure and
evolutionary relationships
WHY CLASSIFY?
 In order to more easily study the unity and
diversity of living organisms in an
organized manner, biologists classify
organisms
 This means that they group organisms
together based on their common
characteristics
 Physical structure is often the primary
basis for biological classification
Early classification
Animals & Plants
With the discovery of the
MICROSCOPE in the 1600’s many
new organisms were discovered
This was the basis for the change
in the classification system
BIONOMIAL NOMENCLATURE
 Carolus Linneaus devised binomial
nomenclature
 (2 names in Latin) Genus-Species
 ex. scientific name of humans ..... Homo
sapiens
 Homo is the genus name .... sapiens is the
species name
 Both have to be printed in italics or underlined
 -Genus is ALWAYS capitalized
MODERN CLASSIFICATION
SYSTEM: (from broadest to most specific)
 KINGDOM
 PHYLLUM
 CLASS
 ORDER
 FAMILY
 GENUS
 SPECIES
HOW TO REMEMBER THAT:
KING PHILIP CAME
OVER FOR GOOD
SOUP
KINGDOMS:
 The 6 Kingdom System is based
on the following criteria:
1. Presence or absence of a
nuclear membrane
2. Unicellularity versus
multicellularity
3. Type of nutrition
Archaebacteria
 most primitive and often live in extreme
environments
 LIVE IN UNUSUALLY HARSH
ENVIRONMENTS
 unicellular and no nucleus
 This is the Proposed 6th KINGDOM
 There are 3 types:
 salt loving, heat loving & methane loving
Kingdom Eubacteria
 bacteria and blue green algae
 have a primitive cell structure
 no organized nucleus or nuclear




membrane
Three basic types of bacteria
CoccusBaccillusSpirillum-
Kingdom Protista
 Predominately unicellular organisms with
plant or animal-like characteristics
 examples include protozoa and all algae
except the blue-green
 have a true nucleus and nuclear membrane
 Classification of Protists: Most protozoa are
motile (CAN MOVE) and are divided into
phyla based on their means of
LOCOMOTION
Animal-like Protists
 Often animal like Protists are called PROTOZOA
 They can live in fresh or salt water, in the soil, or
in the bodies of other organisms
Plant-like Protists:
 Plant-like Protists are commonly called ALGAE
 They contain chloroplasts and are therefore
AUTOTROPHIC
KINGDOM
FUNGI
 examples include yeasts, molds, and
mushrooms
 cells are usually organized into branched,
multinucleate filaments which absorb digested
food from the external environment
 Mushrooms are made up of a network of tubes
called HYPHAE
Kingdom Plantae




multicellular - possess chloroplasts and cell walls
make their own food - PHOTOSYNTHESIS
Reproduce sexually – can be asexual
Vascular plants are more advanced - they have evolved
specialized tissues, xylem, which is involved in structural
support and water conduction, and phloem, which functions
in food conduction
 Nonvascular plants are usually no more than an inch or two
in height because they do not have adequate support,
which is provided by vascular tissues to other plants, to
grow bigger
Kingdom Animalia
 multi-cellular organisms which
ingest their food –
HETEROTROPHS
 Reproduce sexually