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End of the Terror
End of the Committee of Public Safety
Jacobin club shut down
Churches reopened - the end of
dechristianization
Economic control/regulation of the economy
ended
A new more stable and conservative
constitution written
1.
Two chamber/part legislature - the Council of 500
and the Council of Elders
2.
Executive branch = the 5 Directors ran the govt they were chosen by the Council of Elders
3.
In October 1795 radical people in Paris try to
overthrow the Directory - the government uses
the army (Napoleon) to crush them
4.
The government of the Directory relies on the
military to stay in power
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Stagnation, corruption, and government greed
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A time of materialism and flaunting of wealth
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The Directory was hated by political enemies on the
left and right
On the right - royalists hated and wanted a return of
the monarchy
On the left - radical/Jacobins hated it and wanted a
return to the time of Robespierre and the Committee
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wanted to overthrow the directory
wanted to eliminate private property and
private businesses - make economic equality
Led “the Conspiracy of Equals”
The conspiracy was crushed in 1796 and
Babeuf was executed in 1797
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Napoleon dominates
European history
from 1799-1815
Napoleon ended the
French Revolution in
1799 - but he claimed
he personified the
revolution …”I am the
revolution”
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Born in Corsica in 1769
Son of a lawyer who was from the minor nobility
Wins a scholarship to study at a military academy in
France
Earns a commission as an officer in the French army
Trains in artillery command = cannons
Spends a 7 year period becoming intensely selfeducated in science, philosophy, military history, etc.
By the age of 25 he has risen to the rank of Brigadier
General in 1794
In 1796 he is made commander of French armies in
Italy
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Napoleon defeats the
Austrians and drives
them out of Italy
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1797 - begins to plan
an invasion of
England then cancels
the invasion
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1798/1799 - leads and
invasion of Egypt which
will attempt to then move
to threaten India
1799 - British fleet cuts off
supplies going to the
French army in Egypt
1799 - Napoleon bails out
on and abandons his army
in Egypt…returns to
France but is still seen as a
hero
The Battle of the Pyramids
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1799 - the “coup of
Brumaire”…
Napoleon is invited to
participate in the
overthrow of the
government of the
Directory
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The Coronation of Napoleon as
Emperor – painted by
Jacques Louis David
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1799 - after the overthrow
of the Directory Napoleon
is given the position of
“First Consul”…he is the
leader of a three man
executive body leading
the new govt
1802 - Napoleon has
himself elected “consul for
life”
1804 - Napoleon crowns
himself Emperor of France
= Emperor Napoleon I