CHEMISTRY
CH 1 Classification of Matter
MATTER (solids-liquids-gases-plasma)
(anything that has mass and volume)
Can be separated by
physical means
YES
NO
MIXTURES Evaporization
PURE SUBSTANCE
Homogeneous
NO
Distillation
Filtration
Decanting
Fractional Crystallization
Can be separated by
chemical means
Elements
YES
NO
Uniform throughout
Compounds Heterogeneous
YES
Homogeneous
Solutions
Atoms
Colloidal
Solute
Solvent
Matter
Heterogeneous
Homogeneous
Pure
Mixtures
Substances
Solutions
Compounds
Elements
Atoms
Examples of Matter
Matter (anything that has mass and volume)
Examples: Almost anything….
Pure Substances (not a mixture, looks uniform throughout, will not settle out over a period of
time, homogeneous, are either compounds or elements)
Examples: All elements and compounds, (water, carbon dioxide, oxygen, iron)
Compounds (two or more elements that have chemically bonded. Can only be separated by a
chemical process, water, through electrolysis, can be separated into hydrogen and oxygen, and
has properties that are different from its elements)
Examples: water H2O, carbon dioxide CO2, iron oxide Fe2O3, sulfur dioxide SO2, sugar, etc.
Elements (made up of the same kind of atoms and cannot be separated through a chemical
process)
Examples: Refer to the periodic table of elements
Mixtures (two or more materials mixed together that has not chemically bonded, they retain
their own properties and identities and can be separated into their individual parts by physical
process, like boiling point differences, size of particles, if magnetic, solubility differences)
Examples: Salt water (evaporization), sand and water (filtering), oil and water (decanting),
alcohol and water (distillation)
Heterogeneous (mixtures that are not uniform throughout, you can see differences within it, its
particles will settle over a period of time (paint), it can have more than one phase (carbonated
soft drink) (gas and liquid)
Examples: Granite, wood, paint, salad dressing, pizza, paper, rocks.
Homogeneous (can either be pure substances or mixtures, if mixtures we call them solutions.
Matter that looks uniform throughout, if mixtures, the materials that make it up are evenly
distributed, you cannot distinguish one part from another, their particles will not settle over a
period of time. Made of only one phase.)
Examples: all elements and compounds (substances), mixtures (solutions) air, alloys (brass,
stainless steel), glass, saltwater, gasoline, vinegar
Solutions (A homogeneous mixture in which its particles and extremely small and evenly
distributed throughout, particles will not settle out and contains only one phase. Solutions are
made up of a solute (being dissolved) and solvent (doing the dissolving))
Examples: air, alloys (brass, stainless steel), glass, saltwater, gasoline, vinegar
Solute (what is being dissolved in a solution and the one in lesser amount)
Example: Saltwater, the salt is the solute. Brass (copper and zinc), zinc is the solute because it’s
in lesser amount.
Solvent (what is doing the dissolving in a solution and the one in greater amount)
Example: Saltwater, the water is the solvent, Brass, the copper is the solvent because it’s in
greater amount.
Colloids (A mixture that can be either heterogeneous or homogeneous that its particles are
larger than solutions but smaller than suspensions. The particles will not settle out over a
period of time, but they can show separation within the mixture)
Examples: paint, milk, mayonnaise, smoke gelatin, fog