Introduction
Wireless is moving into broadband:
- 3G, 4G mobile networks
- WLAN
- DVB-H
- WIMAX
How to make maximum use of these systems?

Technology progress
Broadband wireless media technology is behind the corner:
WLAN ONBOARD 3G ONBOARD 4G ONBOARD
ALL INTEGRATED ONBOARD

COMPLEX MEDIA SYSTEMS BEHIND
WLAN

Wireless networks
3G-4G
WLAN OTHER
Mobile IEEE 802.11a+b+g +n Other

System reqirements
Operator wants efficient resource management: transmission coverage and cost
User wants minimized cost of access and seamless operation

Seamless challenge
Seamless changeover (handover) between the systems is technical challenge
Heterogenous networks may not be synchronised, even content stream may not be identical (e.g.
different compression ratios)

Gateways and managers
The changeover problem can be solved by embedding gateways on the network side and/or managers on the terminal side
Multisystem terminals for
3G+WLAN will have severe limitations on power consumption

Handover requirements
Seamless means perfect stream splicing
This can be done when streams are aligned in buffers and synchronized
In general time stamps and bitrates may not be identical

Gateways and managers
NETWORK
GATEWAY
DVB-H
WLAN
3G
TERMINAL
MANAGER
In case of operator controlled networks gateway ensures synchronization. In heterogenous networks terminal performs synchronization and handover

FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM
IS BROADBAND FOR MULTIMEDIA
IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE NETWORK
TYPES (3G, WLAN, 4G….)
IT SUPPORTS MULTIPLE OPERATION
MODES: UNICAST, MULITCAST,
BROADCAST, MULTISTREAMING
THE SYSTEM IS IP PROTOCOL BASED !

MOBILE DATA BANDWIDTH
FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM WILL
HAVE DATA BANDWIDTH IN
MEGABITS/SECOND
3G - 1-10 Mb/s
4G - 10-50 Mb/s
WLAN - 1- 100 Mb/s

THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM
THE FUTURE MOBILE SYSTEM
ARCHITECTURE IS DEVELOPED
THE STANDARD IS CALLED IMS
(Internet Multimedia Subsystem)
It is developed as an extension of 3G mobile standard (release 5,6) by 3GPP
( www.3gpp.org
) and IETF (www.ietf.org)

THE IMS
The IMS is based on SIP protocol
This allows setup of most complex multimedia sessions

The IMS basic idea
The basic idea of IMS is integration of telephone CS (Circuit Switched) network and IP network running in wireless systems
Radio access in 3G. 4G
3G version
In USA

User capabilities in IMS
The IMS extends widely the capabilities of current systems as regards the usage of the system
User may have two types of addresses: phone and Internet
Users may have multiple identities: work and private in same equipment
Users may have multiple terminals with different capabilities

Mobile IP – Short Overview
Key aspect of wireless networks is mobility.
Mobility is realized in cellular systems based
CS but it can be also realized in IP systems.
Here we provide short overview of IP mobility.
This does not mean it is realized in the IMS.
IMS can use standard mobility realized in cellular systems.

Mobile IP Key Principles
The Wireless Internet is an IP-centric
& mobility-enabled network:
•
IP addresses are used for all routing within the core network
• IP protocols and technologies are used in the control plane
•
The network is functionally equivalent to a traditional cellular network (especially with respect to mobility and roaming)

Mobile IP Key Principles
IP Mobility focuses on Layer 3 of the core network:
Mobility functions are independent of the access technology (2G, 3G, wire line, etc.) and the underlying network transport technology (ATM,
Ethernet, etc.)
Mobility is based on the user, not the terminal:
•Users will have a single subscription in a home network
•Service Level Agreements (SLA’ s) must exist between all networks users will roam in

•Mobile Node (MN): laptop, mobile phone, communicator,..etc
•Home Agent (HA): router of the home network
•Foreign Agent(FA): router of the foreign network

Mobile IP Components
(MN)
(FA)
(HA)

How Mobile IP works

Agent Discovery

Registration

Routing

Agent Discovery
1- HA’s and FA’s: periodically advertise their presence on their subnets by broadcasting agent advertisements
2-MN Listen: Am I on my home sub net or I am visiting some other subnet?
OR
1- MN sends an agent solicitation
2- Any agent on the subnet is forced to send an immediate advertisement

Agent Discovery
•MN determines that it is connected to an (FA) acquires a care of address
•Care of Address: and IP address given to the MN by the
FA
(exit point of the tunnel from HA to FA)

Registration
• MN recieved the care of address: register it with the HA
• HA creats a mobility binding table
• HA advertises reachability to the home IP address of MN
• Example: a device connected to the internet called corresponding node (CN) sends a packet to MN, how it will reach MN?
CN HA FA MN
• power down or go back to home sub net: MN will deregister
• HA reclaims MN through tunnel

IP Mobility:a lower level look
Visited Network
FA
IPSec SA 3
Mobility
Manager
Security
Gateway
Router
AAA+
User
IPSec SA 1
Internet
IPSec SA 2
IPSec SA 4
Correspondent
Node
Security Associations
IPSec SA 1 - between security gateways
IPSec SA 2 - between AAA servers
IPSec SA 3 - between user/terminal and mobility manager
IPSec SA 4 - between user/terminal and correspondent node
Home Network
Security
Gateway
Mobility
Manager
HA
Router
AAA+

Router
Router
IP Mobility Hand Over
6
2a
5
7
Mobility
Manager
Security
Gateway
Router
AAA+
Visited Network
2
AAA+
Home Network
Security
Gateway
Mobility
Manager
Router
9
10
DNS
Internet
Router
7a
8
LSF
4
3
1
Router
Mobility
Manager
Security
Gateway
9
Router
AAA+
Serving Network
9a
11
Correspondent
Node

Capabilities Of Mobile IP
User identity and Addressability
Signaling and packet routing
Authentication and Authorisation
Security associations
Mobile client functionality
IP industry compatibility

How Does It Look like?
FA
FA
Haroon@SubNet1 is at home.
Please ensure his data comes here.
HA
Internet Backbone
At home
Haroon@SubNet1 is in our CDMA network.
Please ensure his data comes here.
HA
Internet Backbone
On the road

How Does It Look like?
FA
Haroon@SubNet1 is at work.
Please ensure his data comes here.
HA
Internet Backbone
At the office
Why certainly, we have an arrangement with your Network operator. I can register you with free run of the house wireless LAN.
Enterprise LAN
FA
Haroon@SubNet1 is in our hotel.
Please ensure his data comes here.
HA
Internet Backbone
In a hotel

Roaming in IMS
Usser can roam in the CS (circuit switched) and IMS in different
Combinations (being in CS directed to IMS and opposite)

IMS layered architecture

Acronyms in the IMS scheme
CSCF Call Session Control Function
PDF Policy Decision Function
BGCF Breakout Gateway Control Function
MRFC Mutlimedia Resource Function Controller
MRFP Multimedia Resource Function Processor
MGCF Multimedia Gateway Control Function
MGW Multimedia Gateway Function
SGW Signalling Gateway
SEG Security Gateway
SGSN Serving GPRS Support Node
GGSN Gateway GPRS Support Node
IMMGW Internet Multimedia Gateway

HSS – Home Subscriber Server
HSS has functions for CS and PS networks:
Home Location Register HLR with Authentication Center AUC

Signalling conversion in SGW
Protocols from IMS domain (SIP) have to be converted to the CS domain

IMS Architecture
RAN
– Radio Access Network
SLP – Subscription Locator Function
UE
– User Equipment
Some reference points:
Gm
– connection of UE to IMS (for SIP)
Mw – connection between CSCF’s
Cx
– subscriber and service data
Dx – connection to SLF (Sub. Locator Func.

Conclusion
IMS is a complicated system satisfying all possible multimedia requirements
IMS will coexist with CS system
At some point in the future all-IP systems may by used exclusively

MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MULTIMEDIA SYSTEMS INTEGRATE
ALL THE COMPONENTS DESCRIBED
IN THIS COURSE:
- SERVERS
- NETWORKS
- CLIENTS
- SOFTWARE
- CONTENT
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

WHAT WILL BE THE FUTURE IN MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEMS?
WHAT IS HAPENNING RIGHT NOW IS THAT
NEW TECHNOLOGIES AND MULTIMEDIA
SYSTEMS ARE COMING ALL THE TIME,
ESPECIALLY IN THE MOBILE AREA
TERMINALS
NETWORKS
SOFTWARE
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

• From mobile phone to smartphone
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MOBILE PHONES EVOLVED INTO MOBILE MEDIA
AND SERVICE DEVICES
THEY CHALLENGE PHOTOGRAPHIC CAMERAS,
VIDEO CAMCORDERS, PORTABLE MUSIC
PLAYERS, GAME CONSOLES AND SERVICE ACCESS
DEVICES
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

From GSM radio network via Bluetooth to…
WIRELESS BROADBAND or…
From tens of kilobits to megabits per second
• 3G onboard WLAN onboard 4G onboard
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE
• ALL onboard

•
SO WE MAY THINK THAT MOST DEVICES
• WILL BE MEDIA DEVICES AND CONNECTED BY
•
WIRELESS.
•
HOW THIS MAY HAPPEN? IN THE FUTURE
• WE WILL HAVE HUGE RANGE OF APPLICATIONS
•
AND SERVICES:
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

WE WILL HAVE VARIETY OF TERMINAL
DEVICES....
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

NETWORKING PLATFORMS WILL BE
INTEGRATING – ONE DEVICE WILL BE
ABLE TO CONNECT TO DIFFERENT NETWORKS
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

HOWEVER, ALL THESE NETWORKS WILL
BE BASED ON THE IP PROTOCOL:
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

•
HERE WE MOVE TO IP PROTOCOL
•
HERE THE BANDWIDTH GROWS
• HERE ARE DIFFERENT NETWORK TYPES
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

Telephone network for speech
Internet for data and… everything
• WLAN
IP networking is the future
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

From: person-to-person phone call
To: Data center-to-mass public
- TV
- Multicast Internet
• 3G MBMS WLAN IP Multicast
• Multimedia
• Broadcast &
• Multicast
Massive distribution of content is possible rather soon
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

• camera camcorder TV radio game PDA
• makeup device? Swiss army knife?
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

• IPod, Music Web shop
• Portable Mobile Music device
• Music with hard disc
• Player
•
Mobile device is an IPod, and phone,
• and much more….
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

• LONG IN THE FUTURE….
• TECHNOLOGY MAY BECOME INVISIBLE
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE

MANY INNOVATIONS ARE POSSIBLE
IN THIS AREA:
- CONTENT, NETWORKING AND USER
NEEDS ARE IMPORTANT
- SERVICE IDEA IS NOT SIMPLE TO
GET
- PRESENT SERVICES: TV, VIDEO,
GAMES – they look traditional in a way

THEY ARE POSSIBLE BUT ONE HAS TO
HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for this, one has to think about it

NEW SERVICES ARE POSSIBLE BUT
ONE HAS TO HAVE INNOVATIVE IDEA.
HOW TO GET AN IDEA??? No rules for this, one has to think about it.
Example: service for fitness called iFit, www.ifit.com

Service idea:
Many people are concerned with fitness and buy specialized devices like fitness bikes and treadmills
•
Treadmill is a substittute for running when when it is cold, rainy or unsuitable surrounds
BUT, running on a treadmill is boring without any new visual stimulation

SERVICE IDEA
Install display in the treadmill and show running tracks in it
There will be new visual stimulation making running less boring

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA
How to realize this, since users want new tracks?
Solution: Use Google Streetview and maps
Users can design their own tracks then
BUT, running requires that the track changes with the progress of running
How to do this?

IMPLEMENTATION OF THE IDEA
Solution: Built network connection into the fitness device:
Wireless module inserted into device
Now the fitness device may send and receive control signals about the speed and
Incline. Device operation is synchronized with the running track

SERVICE IMPLEMENTATION
This service requires special fitness devices compatible with wireless connectivity – user has to buy it
Company charges monthly fee for providing
Web site which displays the track and provides synchronization and tools.
THIS IS EXAMPLE OF INNOVATIVE
MULTIMEDIA SERVICE

•
CONCLUSIONS TO THIS COURSE:
•
WE WILL SEE HUGE PROGRESS IN MULTIMEDIA
• SYSTEMS IN THE FUTURE.
• SYSTEMS WILL BECOME MUCH MORE COMPLEX
• NETWORKS WILL BE BROADBAND WIRELESS.
• INFORMATION WILL BE DOWNLOADED ONLY
•
BY NETWORKS, PHYSICAL CARRIERS (LIKE E.G.
• CD) WILL BE DISAPPEARING.
MULTIMEDA SYSTEMS
IREK DEFEE