World Meteorological Organization
WMO OMM
Working together in weather, climate and water
STRATEGIC PLANNING MODELS
EC WG/SOP-I(2016)/Doc.3.1(1)
Dr William Nyakwada
First Session of EC WG/SOP
16-19 February 2016
Geneva, Switzerland
WMO
www.wmo.int
WMO OMM
Presentation layout
• Introduction
• Strategic Planning Process
– Models for diagnosis
– Models for designing a strategic plan
– Models for implementing a strategic plan
• Evolution of models used to present WMO SPs.
"He who loves practice without theory is like the sailor who
boards ship without a rudder and compass and never knows
where he may cast."—Leonardo da Vinci
2
WMO OMM
Introduction
“Strategy" derived from the Greek word "strategos" the
art of "General" or army leader.
Its application in the military means “to plan the
destruction of one’s enemies through effective use of
resources”.
It is an intelligent, systematic, deliberate and
continuous process to prepare for action.
It addresses at least one of these questions: What do we
do?, For whom are we doing it? How do we excel?
3
WMO OMM
Strategic Planning Process
• It has three phases- diagnosis, design and implementation.
• It involves using a systematic criteria and rigorous
investigation to formulate, implement, and control strategy,
and formally document organizational expectations.
• It is influenced by the culture(values), leadership, the
complexity of the environment or organizational structure.
• There is no one best way to plan.
• A strategic Plan is a product of an attitude and a way of
thinking ,not of an analysis or a set of facts.
4
WMO OMM
Diagnosis Phase
• Looks at the current and past state of an organization, and the
trends and factors that may influence its future
• The models used include:
– Strength, Weaknesses, Opportunities and Threats (SWOT);
– Company , Customers and Competition(3C’s);
– Political, Economic, Social, Technological, Legal, and
Environmental (PESTLE);
– Porters five forces; and
– Strategy, Structure, systems, Shared values, Skills, Staff,
and Style (McKinsey 7S’s) .
5
WMO OMM
Diagnosis Phase Cont’d
3Cs and PESTLE
3Cs Model
PESTLE
6
Diagnosis Phase Cont’d
WMO OMM
‘’Industry structure drives competition and profitability, not
whether an industry is emerging or mature, high tech or low
tech, regulated or unregulated.’’(Porter, 2008)
Porter’s Five
Forces
SWOT
Tables 2-5
McKinsey 7S’s
Table 1.
7
WMO OMM
Design Phase
• Deciding on the structure of the SP, selecting
model(s) to use.
• Developing or revising the vision and identifying the
best strategies or approaches to translate into action
to realize it.
• There is no single, universal and perfect strategic
planning model for an organization.
• Models- Basic, Issue-Based, Alignment, Scenario,
and Organic planning(Terms –Table 6).
8
WMO OMM
Design Phase Cont’d
• Basic Strategic Planning- Small, busy and learning
(mission, vision, values, goals, strategies, action plans,
M&E)
• Issue-Based (or Goal-Based) Planning-Identify and
prioritize major issues/goals (mission, vision, value,
issues; objective, strategies; action plan; M&E).
• Alignment Model -Focus on aligning the mission
resources (mission, vision, values, programs and
resources; what works/not works well; identify
adjustments; include adjustment in SP)
9
WMO OMM
Design Phase Cont’d
• Scenario Planning- Selects external forces and
imagine related changes that might impact the
organization (Best, Worst & Reasonable),
mission, vision, value, objectives, strategies,
Action Plan, M&E
• Organic (or Self-Organizing) Planning-Self
organizing process (Built on the shared values)
10
WMO OMM
Implementation Phase
• Action planning, M&E and , Communication.
• Balanced Scorecard (BSC) is often
used in implementing strategies
• McKinsey 7S’s Model can also be
used
11
Balanced Scorecard (BSC)
WMO OMM
12
WMO OMM
Relationships between strategy formulation
and implementation(Baroto et al., 2014)
 66% Never implemented. Strategy formulation
 95% staff do not realize
the strategy.
Appropriate
Inappropriate
 Strategies fail due to
ineffective implementation
Strategy
implementation
Excellent
Success
Rescue or ruin
Poor
Trouble
Failure
13
WMO OMM
Evolution of models used to present
WMO Strategic Plans
14
WMO OMM
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
Issues to Consider
The impact of the changes introduced
Results and actions on GSNs
Priorities as representatives of strategic direction;
Unchanging results.
Model or a set of models to present SP.
Need to conduct a SWOT
Enhancing capacities of NMHSs in strategic planning
(Para. 45).
15
If you fail to plan, you plan to fail.
WMO OMM
Thank you
16