Pre-AP Computer Science 1
Semester 1 Examination Review
Scratch
ExpoJava Ch. 2 - 4
Alice - Chapters 1 – 2
QUESTION 1 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 99
if a > 99
say "abc"
say "def"
QUESTION 2 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set b to 100
if b > 99
say "abc"
say "def"
QUESTION 3 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set c to 100
if c = 100
say "wow"
if c > 95
say "def"
QUESTION 4 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set d to 100
set e to 88
if d > 90
say "abc"
if e < 95
say "def"
QUESTION 5 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set f to 100
set g to 88
if f > 99
say "abc"
if g > 95
say "def"
QUESTION 6 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set h to 100
set i to 88
if h > 90
if i > 95
say "def"
if h > 95
say "ghi"
QUESTION 7 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 75
repeat 5
change a by -5
say a
QUESTION 8 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 63
repeat 4
change a by -7
say a
QUESTION 9 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 100
repeat 3
change a by -5
say a
QUESTION 10 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 60
repeat 2
change a by 10
say a
QUESTION 11 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 50
repeat 6
change a by 3
say a
QUESTION 12 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to 0
repeat 7
change a by 2
say a
QUESTION 13 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set a to -14
repeat 3
change a by 12
say a
QUESTION 14 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set c to 1
repeat until c > 49
change c by 8
say c
QUESTION 15 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set c to 5
repeat until c > 60
change c by 10
say c
QUESTION 16 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set c to 30
repeat until c < 10
change c by -5
say c
QUESTION 17 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set d to 10
repeat until d > 71
change d by 6
say d
QUESTION 18 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set d to 32
repeat until d > 50
change d by 4
say d
QUESTION 19 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set d to 100
repeat until d < 71
change d by -7
say d
QUESTION 20 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set e to 90
repeat until e < 20
if e > 50
change e by -15
else
change e by -10
say e
QUESTION 21 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set e to 150
set count to 0
repeat until e < 75
if e > 100
change e by -20
else
change e by -5
change count by 1
say count
QUESTION 22 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set e to 0
set cnt to 0
repeat until e > 100
if e < 50
change e by 15
else
change e by 9
change count by 1
say count
QUESTION 23 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set f to 1
set g to 0
repeat until f > 20
change g by f
change f by 4
say g
QUESTION 24 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set f to 1
set g to 0
repeat until f > 16
change g by f
change f by 7
say g
QUESTION 25 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set f to 45
set g to 0
repeat until f < 30
change g by f
change f by -7
say g
QUESTION 26 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set list as empty
set a to 3
repeat 2
add a to list
say list
QUESTION 27 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set list as empty
set a to 2
repeat 6
add a to list
say list
QUESTION 28 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set list as empty
set b to 2
repeat 4
change b by 3
add b to list
say list
QUESTION 29 xx
What is output by the code to the right?
set list as empty
set b to 5
repeat 5
change b by 5
add b to list
say list
Introduction to Computer Science
The secret of computer information storage and calculation is the binary system. Information is stored in a computer with combinations of base2 ones and zeroes. Individual binary digits (bits) store a one or a zero. A one means true and a zero means false. A set of eight bits forms one
byte.
A byte can store one character in memory with ASCII, which allows 256 different characters. The newer, international Unicode stores one
character in two bytes for a total of 65536 different characters.
Operating systems change frequently, or at least operating system versions change to a new-and-improved model about every two or three
years. A solid knowledge of your computer's operating system is vital. Writing a computer program requires knowledge of editing text, saving
and loading files and moving around the hard drive's directory system efficiently.
Sun Microsystems created Java to be a programming language that is portable on many computer platforms, a so-called platform-independent language.
They also wanted the language to be compatible with web page development.
Early computers were stand-alone work stations. The first networked computers used a "peer-to-peer" network. This was followed by LANs (Local Area
Networks) that connected dedicated specialty servers with computers and printers for a common purpose. The Department of Defense developed the
Internet as a means to provide communication at war time.
Individuals, schools and businesses can set up a LAN at their private location without paying a fee beyond the cost of the necessary hardware and
software. Connection to the Internet requires an ISP (Internet Service Provider) and a monthly connection fee.
Many computers today, especially laptop computers, have wireless network connections. Such connections are convenient, but they are not as reliable and
there is also a greater security risk.
Computers use hardware and software. Hardware peripheral devices are the visible computer components. There are external peripheral devices, such as
monitors, keyboards, printers and scanners. There are also internal peripheral devices like disk drives, CD ROM drives, network interface cards and video
cards.
Software falls into two categories of application software and operating system software. Application software includes the common applications of word
processing and spreadsheets, but also tax return software and video games. Operating system software runs the computer and allows the user to
personalize the computer to his or her needs and organize data.
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
8.
What does ASCII stand for?
American Standard Code of Information Interchange
11.
What ASCII range is used for the “standard set of
characters”?
0..127
What kind of chip stores permanent information for the
computer?
ROM
12.
What does ROM stand for?
Read Only Memory
13.
What kind of chip stores temporary information for the
computer?
RAM
What is “bit” an abbreviation for?
BInary digiT
14.
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
How many bits are in a byte?
8
15.
Which stores more information, gigabytes or terabytes?
Terabytes
How is Unicode different from ASCII?
It uses two bytes and adds many characters
16.
Exactly how many bytes are in a kilobyte?
1024
What is a “nibble”?
4 bits
17.
What does CPU stand for?
Central Processing Unit
18.
The CPU is essentially the _______ of the computer.
Brains
19.
Is a protractor digital or analog?
Analog
20.
What type of information allows you to make a precise
copy of the original?
Digital
What ASCII range is used for the “extended set of
characters”?
128..255
How many different combinations are possible with 2
bytes?
65,536
9.
What number system is typically used to display
memory addresses?
Base16
10.
What is the main board in a computer, with all the
primary computer components, called?
Motherboard
21.
22.
23.
Define the word “program”.
A set of instructions to achieve a specified goal.
Explain why programming in machine language is
undesirable.
Programming is 1s and 0s is very tedious and
problematic.
Explain the difference between an interpreter and a
compiler.
Compilers translates the entire file and then execute.
Interpreters translate each line and execute each line.
24.
What is a “low-level” language?
Close to computer language
25.
What is a high-level language?
Close to human language
26.
Why do we not simply use English, or any other human
language, to program a computer?
English is too ambiguous
11.
What does OOP stand for?
Object Oriented Programming
13.
What does “platform independent” mean?
A program can execute on any computer
14.
When was Java released… and by whom?
Sun Micro Systems in 1995
19.
What does LAN stand for?
Local Area Networks
20.
What is a server?
A server is a specialty computer that is connected to the
LAN for one or more purposes.
Servers can be used for printing, logon authentications,
permanent data storage and communication.
27.
What does hardware involve?
Hardware involves all the computer components that can
be seen, felt, picked up and dropped, like a monitor, a
mouse, a jump drive.
28.
What does software involve?
Software involves the set of computer instructions that
are coded on a disk, a CD, or a hard drive.
34.
What does computer software do?
Computer software provides instructions to a computer.
35.
Spreadsheets and word processors are examples of what
kind of software?
Application Software
36.
What does system software involve?
System software involves the instructions that the
computer requires to operate properly.
37.
List 3 major operating systems.
Windows XP/Vista/7, UNIX and MAC OS
Introduction to Java
Sun Microsystems provides free software to compile and execute Java programs. The Java Development Kit (JDK) can be found on Sun's website at
http://java.sun.com. The current version (June, 2007) finished by Sun is Version 1.6.0 update 1.
The Java program language is designed to create full-fledged program applications for industry, as well as applets that will operate inside a web page.
Normally, an application is a larger program than an applet. However, an applet is not necessarily a small program.
The secret of Java's success is the use of both a compiler and an interpreter. First, the Java compiler is used to create an intermediate stage in program
translation, called bytecode. Second an interpreter is used to translate and execute the bytecode. Sun created multiple interpreters for different platforms.
The interpreter is called a Java Virtual Machine (JVM). There are three distinct steps in creating a Java program.
The Java compiler and Java interpreter translate and then execute existing programs. You still need some tools to write the Java source code. It is possible
to write code with any text editor and then use the command prompt to provide commands for compiling and executing. It is easier to use an Integrated
Development Environment (IDE) like JCreator to assist in program writing. JCreator can be downloaded for free if you use the light edition. JCreator can
execute both application programs and applet programs. You need to a special web page that imports the Java bytecode applet file.
The different components of a program were explained and you saw that a program uses keywords in program statements. Keywords have
special meaning to a program. In particular, you looked at the keywords System.out.print and System.out.println. Both keywords display text
output. Keyword println adds a carriage-return/line-feed (crlf) to the output statement.
The Java compiler checks to see that every program statement is written with correct syntax before a bytecode file is created. When mistakes
are made, the compiler generates error messages about these mistakes.
Computers must be used in a responsible manner. First, care must be taken that a computer is not harmed physically or stolen. Computers are
vulnerable and can be easily damaged. Computer data is stored in areas that can be easily corrupted and all important data needs to be backed
up in one or more storage areas, like hard drives, CDs or memory sticks. Computers also need up-to-date protection programs against viruses,
spyware and SPAM.
Using copyrighted software may be simple, but it is unethical. All software has license agreements that state if the software is free, licensed for
one user, multiple users or an entire site, like a school or company. Many people hack into computers, supposedly for fun, unaware that they
are inflicting damage with unknown computer hacking programs.
1.
Explain why the United Nations “2-step translation”
11.
Refer to the previous question. Java then continues and
process requires fewer translators than a “1-step
uses an _______ to translate the _______ into executable
translation” process.
_______ line by line.
You only need 1 translator for every language and
interpreter bytecode machine code
English.
12.
What is the name for the interpreter that takes the
2.
When is a programming language considered to be
bytecode and then executes the program?
platform independent?
JVM
When a program created on one computer can execute
on all other computers.
13.
List 2 benefits with using Java on a web page?
It is secure and it is interactive
3.
What type of code is created by a Java compiler?
Bytecode
14.
What does HTML stand for?
Hyper Text Markup Language
4.
What is bytecode?
The intermediate code generated by the Java compiler
15.
What is an applet?
A java program that executes inside a web page.
5.
If you were to compare the executing of a Java file with
the UN, how would “bytecode” fit in with the UN
16.
What is an application?
analogy?
A program that executes stand-alone
Bytecode is English
17.
Can a website contain multiple applets?
6.
Does the computer understand bytecode?
Yes
No
18.
Can a website be written entirely in Java?
7.
What does Java use an interpreter for?
No
To translate and execute bytecode
19.
What 3 things do you need to write a Java program?
8.
What does JVM stand for?
Text editor, compiler and interpreter
Java Virtual Machine
20.
Refer to the previous question. Some software packages
9.
Which program is larger, a compiler or an interpreter?
combine all 3 of these things into an IDE.
Compilers are much larger.
What does IDE stand for?
Integrated Development Environment
10.
Java uses a _______ to translate the program source
21.
Can Notepad be used to write a Java program?
code created by the programmer into _______.
Yes
compiler bytecode
22.
All Java programs end with what suffix?
.java
23.
Can the Java compiler be accessed from the Command
Prompt?
Yes
6.
What does the command System.out.println do?
It displays the characters placed between the double
quotes that follow.
7.
What is a Java keyword?
A word that has a special meaning to Java
24.
All bytecode files end with what suffix?
.class
8.
Two or more keywords combine to make what?
a program statement
25-27.
What are the 3 steps of a Java program? (This counts as
3 questions.)

Write the Java source in some text editor.
9.
What does it mean when we say that keywords in Java
are “case-sensitive”?
That means that print and Print are two different words
to Java.
10.
List 7 keywords.
public, class, static,
System.out.println.

Translate the source code file with a Java compiler into
an intermediate bytecode file that will end with .class.

Execute the bytecode file with a Java Virtual Machine
(JVM) program, which is an interpreter.
void,
main,
String
and
28.
What does URL stand for?
Universal Resource Locator
11.
What does CRLF stand for?
Carriage return, line feed
29.
What does JDK stand for?
Java Development Kit
12.
30.
What does JRE stand for?
Java runtime Environment
Explain the difference between print and println.
The print keyword generates output without a carriage
return and the println keyword does include a carriage
return.
13.
31.
Why is the JRE necessary?
Allows executing Java programs
What does println() do when there is nothing between
the (parentheses)?
Skip a line
32.
How much does it cost to download Java from Sun
Microsystems?
It is free
14.
Both print and println follow what Java keyword(s)?
System.out
15.
33.
When downloading the JDK from Sun Microsystems,
what is the difference between downloading the Offline
or the Online installation file?
The Online choice downloads a very small file with
instructions to download additional information during
software installation. The Offline choice downloads all
the necessary files required for installation. This means
that you can then install the software and it is not
necessary to be connected to the Internet.
If you see public class Jessica in your program, what
name must the file have?
Jessica.java
16.
What punctuation symbols must be at the end of all Java
program statements?
;
17.
Physical damage to a computer happens, but it is not the
biggest problem.
The number one source of grief for many people,
especially students, is _______________________.
loss of data
34.
Java is an island in what country?
Indonesia
1.
What is the difference between the PRO version and the
LE version of JCreator?
The PRO version includes sophisticated debugging tools
for the professional programmer.
The LE version is free.
18.
What does RAM stand for?
Random Access Memory
19.
What happens to the RAM if the computer loses power?
It is lost.
2.
What does GUI stand for?
Graphics User Interface
20.
What does AVR stand for?
Automatic Voltage Regulation
3.
Look at figure 2.39. The first 5 lines of program
Java0201.java all begin with //.
What does that mean?
These are all comments.
21.
What are the 2 parts of a computer virus?
The duplication part and the payload
22.
What is spyware?
Special programs that snoop around your computer and
try to record information
Why is it bad to leave your computer both logged in and
unattended?
Anyone can go to your computer and copy, alter or erase
anything.
What does USB stand for?
Universal Serial Bus
4.
5.
Are comments compiled into bytecode?
No
23.
Every application program has a _______________
segment.
main
24.
Java Simple Data Types
This chapter introduced the Java simple data types. A simple data type is simple because it stores a single value in memory. Simple data types
are also called primitive data types. Program examples were shown that declared variables of a specified data type. Declaring the data type
allows the compiler to allocate memory for the value to be stored.
There are four different integer data types: byte-1, short-2, int-4 and long-8 each indicated with their respective number of bytes in memory.
Java provides five operators for integers: addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer-division and modulus-division.
There are two different real number data types: float-4 and double-8. Float is short for floating point number and double indicates that this data
type is twice the precision of a float data type. Java provides four operators for real numbers: addition, subtraction, multiplication and real
number division.
The specified data type is good for memory efficiency, but stingy use of memory can result in memory overflow. If a value is larger than the
space reserved in memory, the result is incorrect, even if the mathematics is flawless.
In Java there are many shortcut notations for both unary operators and binary operators. Every arithmetic operator can be expressed in a
shortcut notation. Keep in mind that multiple shortcut operations in the same statement can create very ambiguous program statements that are
difficult to predict.
Java can declare character and string variables. The plus operator is used for arithmetic addition with numbers and concatenation with strings.
Concatenation means that a string is appended at the end of another string. The String data type is included with the simple data types because
we treat it like a simple data type right now. A string does hold multiple character values, but we process the entire set of characters as a single
unit. You will learn in a later chapter the true nature of the String data type.
This chapter also introduced the boolean data type. This data type can store the value true or the value false. Boolean is included with this
chapter to make the chapter complete with all the available simple data types. The actual usage of boolean will be shown later.
Java has a peculiar variable, called a final variable that cannot change. I prefer to call this a constant. Declaring a constant is identical to
declaring a variable with the reserved final in front of the data type.
It is important to document your programs. Start by selecting identifiers that are self-documenting. Single-character identifiers should be
avoided in most cases. Programs should also make generous use of meaningful comments that help explain the purpose of program segments
and certain program statements.
Java programs use the same mathematical precedence that is used in mathematical computation. Logically, there is no apparent difference
between mathematics and computers science. Practically, there are some differences. In mathematics there are assumed operations, especially
multiplication that needs to be explicitly shown in a Java program. It is sufficient to state AB + CD in mathematics. In Java such an expression
needs to be A*B + C*D.
It is possible to alter data types with type casting. Integers can become doubles and characters. Doubles can become integers and characters.
Characters can become integers and doubles. Type casting is achieved by placing the new, desired data type inside parentheses in front of the
variable to be altered.
Literal strings will not always display literally. Certain special characters following a single slash like \n, \t will result in a carriage return, a tab
or some other special output display. The slash-character combination is called an escape sequence.
1.
A program is made up of words, which usually are called
what?
Keywords
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
When you are creating User-Defined Identifiers, you
must make sure your identifier is not one of what two
things?
A reserved word or a pre-defined identifier
What is the first Java syntax rule?
Use only keywords known by the Java compiler.
8.
List the 3 categories of keywords.
Reserved words, pre-defined identifiers and user-defined
identifiers
What are the rules for naming an identifier?
Use alpha-numeric characters and start with an alpha
character.
9.
Print the Java statement that will declare x as an integer.
int x;
List 3 examples of Java Reserved Words.
public, static, void
10.
Refer to the previous question. Print the statement that
will assign the value of 7 to x.
x = 7;
11.
In program Java0301.java, why does the statement:
System.out.println(a); display the value of 10 and not a?
The letter is not between double quotes.
12.
Why does program Java0302.java not compile?
There are no values assigned to the variables.
Java has a large number of libraries that enhance the
basic Java language. These libraries contain special
program modules that perform a variety of tasks to
simplify the life of a programmer. What are these
modules called?
methods
List 2 examples of Predefined Identifiers.
print and println
13.
Print the Java statement that will declare x as an integer
and assign the value of 7 to x in one single statement.
int x = 7;
14.
List Java’s 4 integer types.
byte, short, int and long
15.
How many bytes are used by an int?
4
16.
What is the largest value of a byte?
127
11.
What does x *= 5; mean?
Multiply x by 5
12.
What does x /= 5; mean?
Divide x by 5
13.
What does x %= 5; mean?
Compute the remainder or dividing x by 5
14.
What is the difference between the char and String data
types?
The char type store one character and the String data
type store one or more characters.
17.
Would a short be appropriate to store Zip Codes?
No
18.
Explain your answer to the previous question.
A short cannot hold any number above 32,767. Many
zip codes are larger than this.
15.
In program Java0312.java, what is accomplished by the
statement: c1 = c2 = c3 = 'Q'; ?
Every variable is assigned the value of Q.
19.
What are the 5 integer operations?
Addition, subtraction, multiplication, integer division
and remainder division
16.
What is the fancy name for using the plus ( + ) sign to
join strings together?
Concatenation
20.
What is the difference between the / and the % division
operators?
/ is integer division and % is remainder division
17.
The plus ( + ) sign can be used to add integers and real
numbers. It can also be used to join strings.
What is it called when one operator can perform
different functions.
Overloading
1.
In binary, what indicates if a number is positive or
negative?
If the first bit is 0, the number is positive and if the first
bit is 1, the number is negative
18.
What is “2” + “3” ?
23
19.
Who invented a form of Algebra based on logical
statements that are either true or false?
George Boole
20.
Today, in computer science, a data type that has only
two values of true and false is a called a _______ data
type.
boolean
21.
What is Java’s formal language for the term simple data
types.
primitive
22.
Say you want to use PI in your program with value of
3.14159. This value will never change in your program.
Print the proper way to define and initialize
this constant.
final double PI = 3.14159;
23.
What happens when you attempt to alter the value of a
final variable?
It causes a compile error.
2.
How is it possible for a computer to multiply 2 positive
numbers, and get a negative product?
Memory flow, which alters the sign bit
3.
Explain Memory Overflow.
A condition that occurs when the mathematical value is
too large to be stored in the actual
computer memory space.
4.
The Real Number data type that we will use is called
double. Why is a double called a double?
It has double the bytes of a float
5.
Which is more precise? A double, or a float?
Double
Assume x is an int for the next several questions.
6.
What does x++; or ++x; mean?
In both case variable x is incremented by 1.
7.
What does x--; or –x; mean?
In both cases variable x is decremented by 1.
24.
What is a self documenting identifier?
An identifier, such as grossPay, that explains the purpose
of the variable.
8.
Should Java shortcuts be combined with other Java
statements? Example: System.out.println(x++);
No, it causes confusion
25.
What is the difference between double-slash ( // )
comments and slash-star star-slash comments (/* */) ?
// is a single line comment
/* */ is a multiple line comment
26.
Does Java follow the same Order of Operations that you
learned in your Math
Yes
9.
What does x += 5; mean?
Increase x by 5
10.
What does x -= 5; mean?
Decrease x by 5
27.
28.
Translate 7abc into Java source code.
7*a*b*c
Translate
3.333333
x+7
————— into Java source code.
2x - 3
32.
What is an escape sequence?
A special set of characters, starting with /, that means
something to print, like \n
33.
What does the escape sequence \n do?
carriage return, line feed
34.
What escape sequence is used to generate a <tab>?
\t
35.
Why do we need escape sequences to generate backslash
( \ ) and quote ( " ) characters?
It prevents confusion to the compiler
36.
What are the 4 data types that will be tested on the AP
Exam?
int, double, boolean and String
(x + 7) / (2 * x - 3)
29.
Translate “one half” into Java source code.
1.0 / 2.0 or 0.5
30.
What is the output of: System.out.println( 10 / 3 ); ?
3
31.
What is the output of: System.out.println( (double) 10 /
3 ); ?
Java Program Organization
Chapter IV introduced the fundamental program organization of Java. The organization of a program is similar to the organization of an
English essay, story or book. Java keywords combine to form program statements. A group of program statements, which accomplish some
specific purpose, are placed together in a container called a method. A set of methods with similar functions are placed inside a larger
container, called a class.
A class also contains data, which is used by the methods. A class is a data type. One particular variable of a class is called an object.
The first methods introduced were methods of the Math class. Access to methods is done by using the class identifier, followed by a period and
then the method identifier, like Math.sqrt(16). This approach is done with Math methods.
During this course you will be using a very large class, called Expo.
Things to Remember about the Expo class

The Expo class is not part of Java.

The class was created to simplify programming and allow students to focus on the logic of
programming.

In order to use the Expo class, the file Expo.java must be in the same folder/directory as the .java
file that calls the Expo class methods.

Students will NOT be required to memorize the methods of the Expo class. They will instead be
provided with documentation to use during labs and tests.
1.
Which programming language requires a very precise6.
organization?
All of them
If a program does not compile, will a byte code file be
created?
No
2.
What spoken language is Java based on?
English
7.
What must all program statements end with?
A semi-colon (;)
3.
List 7 Java keyword.
public, main, System, int, double, print, void
8.
Are “method headings” and “class heading” program
statements?
No
4.
Programming languages require special “containers” that their
program statements are put in.
9.
What are these containers called in Java?
Methods and classes
10.
If a program has syntax errors, can it compile?
No
11.
5.
Which keywords in Java are case-sensitive?
All of them
What kind of operator is the equal sign (=) ?
An assignment operator
Why do computers exist?
To make life simpler
12.
13.
What do classes contain?
One or more methods
14.
What do methods contain?
One or more program statements
15.
16.
17.
18.
19.
30.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.sqrt(100));
?
31.
10
What is the output of
?
8
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(64));
What is the output of
?
7
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(49));
What is the output of
?
5
System.out.println(Math.sqrt(25));
You will be using the bytecode file that was created with an
older version of the program.
The floor, ceil, and round methods of the Math class all
“round” in some way.
What is the difference among them?
floor always rounds down
ceil always rounds up
round rounds normally
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.round(7.5)); ?
8
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.round(7.499)); ?
7
32.
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.ceil(7.999)); ?
8
33.
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.ceil(7.001)); ?
8
34.
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.floor(7.999)); ?
7
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.sqrt(9)); ?
3
35.
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.floor(7.001)); ?
7
20.
Refer to the previous question. What does Math signify?
The name of the class
36.
21.
Refer again to question 19. What does sqrt signify?
The name of the method
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.max(100,50)); ?
100
22.
Refer yet again to question 19. What does 9 signify?
37.
The argument/parameter/information being passed/sent to the
method
What is the output of
System.out.println(Math.min(100,50)); ?
50
23.
What is a parameter used for?
It provides necessary information to the method.
38.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.abs(-3)); ?
3
24.
Can Math.sqrt be used without a parameter?
No
39.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.abs(3)); ?
3
25.
List 4 different things that can be passed as a parameter.

a numerical constant,

a variable,

an expression ,

or even another method
40.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.pow(3,4));
?
81
41.
The information, which is passed to a method is called an
_____________ or a _____________.
argument or a parameter
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.pow(4,3));
?
64
42.
Where are parameters placed?
Parameters are placed between parentheses immediately
following the method identifier.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.pow(2,5));
?
25
43.
What is the output of System.out.println(Math.pow(5,2));
?
32
44.
Are PI and E “attributes” or “methods” of the Math class?
attributes
Which type of method has more parameters: Math methods or
graphics methods?
Graphics
26.
27.
28.
1.
Modules that perform a related set of functions are grouped
together in a special type of container.
What is this special container called?
29.
A class
What happens if you alter a program - no matter how slightly
- and then execute without recompiling?
Is the Expo class part of the Java programming language?
No
2.
3.
Graphics images are not solid pictures, but images created with 14.
hundreds or thousands of individual colored dots. What are
these individual graphics dots called?
Pixels
15.
What is the minimum requirement of any call to a graphics
method?
information about the location or coordinates for the picture
16.
4.
5.
What is the difference between drawPixel and drawPoint?
drawPixel only plots one pixel.
drawPoint
actually
draws a 3 by 3 “square” of 9 pixels.
Which of these files stored the height and width of the applet
window?
The .html file
Applets can be executed in JCreator. Where else can they be
executed?
Any web browser like Internet Explorer.
What is the name of the coordinate system that has 4 quadrants
and the point (0,0) in the center?
Cartesian
17.
6.
Like drawLine, drawRectangle requires that you also specify
2 coordinate points.
What do they represent?
the upper-left-hand coordinate (X1,Y1) and the lower-righthand coordinate (X2,Y2)
List 2 differences between a Cartesian graph and a computer
graphics screen.
The (0,0) coordinate is located in the left-top corner of the
applet window, instead of the middle.
In a Cartesian system Y-values increase from the bottom to the 18.
top.
In a computer graphics system Y-values increase from the top
down to the bottom.
19.
7.
What method is always found in an application?
main
8.
Refer to your answer to the previous question.
Applets do not have this method. What do they have instead?
A paint method
What is the mathematical definition of a circle?
A set of points that are equidistant from a given point
What is the radius of a circle?
The distance from the center of the circle to any point on the
edge of the circle
20.
What parameters are necessary for drawCircle?
The Graphics object g, the X and Y coordinate of the center, as
well as the radius.
21.
What 2 libraries must be imported in order for graphics applets
to work?
import java.awt.*;
22.
import java.applet.*;
9.
10.
How is an oval different from a circle?
A circle has one radius. An oval has 2 radii.
In a drawOval commands, what will the output look like if the
same value is passed for the horizontal radius and the vertical
radius?
A circle
What does awt stand for?
abstract windows tools
23.
When working with applications, you compile and execute the
same file.
When working with an applet, what file is compiled? And
what file is executed?
24.
Compile the .java file and execute the .html file.
11.
12.
In a drawOval commands, what will the output look like if the
horizontal radius is greater than the vertical radius?
A short-fat oval
In a drawOval commands, what will the output look like if the
horizontal radius is less than the vertical radius?
A tall-thin oval
In the Expo class, what is the first parameter of any method that
does anything graphical?
25.
The Graphics object g.
What parameters are required by both drawPixel and 26.
drawPoint?
They need the Graphics object g, as well as the X and Y value
of the pixel/point.
In questions 1 through 10, you are using the Expo.drawArc
method to draw each of the arcs that are displayed. You need to
provide the last 2 parameters.
What is an arc a piece of?
An oval
13.
#
1.
Arc to be drawn
Starting
Degree Value
Stopping
Degree Value
90
270
Exposure Java 2009, CS Edition
Exercises 4.4-7
The first 5 parameters of drawArc are identical to drawOval.
drawArc adds 2 more parameters at the end. What do these 2
parameters specify?
the starting degree value and the stopping degree value
2.
270
90
3.
0
180
4.
180
0 or 360
Page 13
Updated: 7/15/2009
fillRectangle, fillCircle, fillOval and fillStar
5.
0
90
6.
180
270
7.
8.
9.
10.
270
17.
What
is
the
drawing/filling color?
Black
18.
How many colors are built into
the Expo class?
25
19.
If you want to draw PACMAN, what method would you
use?
fillArc
20.
All draw methods of the Expo class have a corresponding
drawThick method which have the exact same parameters,
except for one extra parameter at the end. What does that
parameter specify?
The thickness of the shape
21.
What file contains the documentation of the Expo class.
Expo.html
22.
Refer to your answer to the previous question. When you
look at this file, you will see brief “one-sentence”
descriptions of each of the methods of the Expo class.
What do you need to do if you want more detailed
information on a particular method?
Click on the name of the method.
23.
In a method’s documentation, what does the precondition
specify?
The precondition specifies what must be true for the
method to work properly.
24.
In a method’s documentation, what does the postcondition
specify?
The post condition specifies what is true after the method is
finished.
25.
If a method has BOTH a precondition and a postcondition,
what must be true for the postcondition to happen?
The precondition must be true.
26.
What does NaN stand for?
Not a Number
90
0 or 360
270
180
11.
Does the order of the parameters matter ?
Yes
12.
The parameters of drawSpiral are identical to which
method?
drawCircle
13.
What is meant by the radius of a star?
The distance from the center of a star to any point
14.
The parameters of drawStar are very similar to
drawCircle.
The difference is drawStar has an extra parameter at the
end. What does it specify?
The number of points on the star.
15.
What happens when a small shape is drawn on top of a
large shape that is the same color?
The small object will not show up.
0 or 360
180
90
16.
If you want to draw solid rectangles, circles, ovals, and
stars,
what methods would you use?
Exposure Java 2009, CS Edition
Exercises 4.4-7
Page 14
default
Updated: 7/15/2009
Alice: Chapters 1-2
True or False
30) According to the Alice text, learning to program makes you a computer nerd
31) According to the Alice text, Computer Scientists refer to “If” statements as Conditional Execution.
32) In Alice, an object has 5 degrees of orientation (ie. Up, down, back, left, right)
33) In Alice, an object has 6 degrees of freedom:
Multiple Choice
34) An object is: __________________________________________________.
35) Alice is written in ____________________.
36) In Alice, the Object Tree contains ____________________________________________________________.
37) In Alice, an instruction is ______________________________________________________.
38) Creating a computer program is a _______________-step process which includes _________________,
_________________, _________________, _________________ .
39) “Algorithmic” means “___________________”
40) It is “possible”/“impossible” to make a syntax error in Alice
41) In the Circling Fish exercise from Ch. 2, the most effective way to circle the fish around the Island is to
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
42) In computing terminology, a textual storyboard is called ____________________.
43) A program is a __________________________________________________________________________.
44) A method is a ___________________________________________________________________________.
45) SceneEditor’s Layout Manager is used to _____________________________________________________.
46) A sequential action block requires/does not require a Do Together method .
47) Give a couple examples of a Control Statement in Alice: _________________, ___________________
48) Give an example of an Argument required to execute the action (Method) “turn to face”: ________________.
49) A __________ colored line in the Alice Editor Area indicates where an instruction (e.g. method, control
structure) will be dropped.
50) Nesting is the practice of __________________________________________________________________.
Exposure Java 2009, CS Edition
Exercises 4.4-7
Page 15
Updated: 7/15/2009
51) Give an example of using a Trial and Error strategy in developing Alice code:
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
52) In computer science terminology, a Bug is a ___________________________________________________.
53) The technical term for “while the animation is running” is at ______________.
54) Comments are instructions that cause/do not cause some action to take place.
55) Comments in Alice are indicated by what? ____________________________________________________
56) Duration, Style and As Seen By are examples of ____________________.
57) A Control Structure, such as a Do in order or a Do together statement is a ____________________________
__________________________________________________________________________________________.
58) An if/else statement involves making a ________________.
59) “snowman turn to face” is an example of an ___________________.
60) A ________________ is a function that checks a condition or computes a values.
61) ___________________ __________________ (such as if/else statements and repetition) makes use of
questions and expressions to check a current condition in a world.
62) Give a couple examples of properties of the object Boy (placed in a world). ___________________________
63) “left arm” is an example of a ______________ of a “Boy” object.
Exposure Java 2009, CS Edition
Exercises 4.4-7
Page 16
Updated: 7/15/2009