Welcome
to
a session
Quick
Recap….Hey!
You know
pretty well
about these
parts..
Getting Started…..
Observe these pictures and answer
1.
2.
3.
4.
Identify the plants.
Name the parts which are taking part in vegetative reproduction.
Is this process natural or artificial.
Name some more plants which reproduce this way.
Pair ‘n
share
Underground roots
1. Root Tubers
Underground stems –
2. Bulbs
3. Rhizomes
4. Stolons
5. Runners
6. Bulbils (modified
flowers)
7.Adventitious buds
(Leaf)
8. Corms
9. Stem Tubers
Grass
Bryophyllum
Dahlia
Agave
Mint
Ginger
Onion
Gladiolus
Strawberry
Colocacia
Potato
Compare the two pictures …
How is the first picture linked to the second one?
Understanding
Artificial Propagation
Artificial vegetative propagation
includes all the human developed
methods of propagating and
growing plants which are mainly of
horticultural use.
The focus is on ornamental, flower
yielding and fruit yielding plants.
Some common methods of Artificial
propagation include :
 Cutting ( Stem cutting)
 Grafting
 Budding and
 Layering
The latest techniques include
Hybridization, Micropropagation,
and Biotechnological methods
Stem Cutting
Removing a portion of the stem and
fixing it in the soil/ water to allow the
growth adventitious roots , further
leading to the growth of buds into
shoots.
Plants propagated through cutting :
Rose, Sugarcane, Crotons, China-rose,
Drumstick, etc.
In case of lemon and tamarind, even
root cutting can yield a new plant.
Adventitious
Roots
Grafting
Joining a part (stem or bud) of
a living plant to another causing
it to grow as a part of the
second plant.
It is useful in inducing the
special traits or characters of
one plant into the other.
Examples:
Rose and fruit yielding plants
like Mango, Guava, peaches etc
Types of Grafting;
•Scion Grafting
•Bud Grafting
Types of Grafting
Scion Grafting (Cleft
and Whip Grafting)
Strong binding
with disease shield and
soft wax covering
Bud Grafting
Layering
Forming of roots when a
stem comes in contact
with the ground , which
further can be grow into
an independent plant.
Useful in developing fruit
orchards in horticulture.
Types of Layering:
•Mound Layering
•Aerial layering
Types of Layering
Mound Layering
(Mango, Litchi, Jasmine,
Grapevine)
Aerial Layering
(Oranges, Guava, litchi, etc)
Adventitious roots
Gootee
Vegetative Propagation Vs Sexual propagation
Vegetative Propagation
Quick, less expensive
Sexual Propagation
(Through Flowers)
And more certain method
Slow , uncertain and less
economical method
Seedless plants like banana,
grapes oranges and rose can be
propagated.
Seedless plants can not be
propagated.
Genetic characteristics of parental
plants are retained and hence new
varieties are not produced.
Seeds are less resistant and
viable
Leads to overcrowding
Genetic parental characteristics
are not retained and hence new
varieties are produced.
Seeds ate strong and viable to
environmental changes
No over crowding due to seed
and fruit dispersal
Economic
Importance
Artificial vegetative propagation
is a point of focus of the
horticulturists and agricultural
scientists.
Two important ways :
 Increasing the number of
desired variety of a plant
through
A. Natural and Artificial
Vegetative Propagation.
B. Micro propagation
 Evolving new varieties of
plants through
Hybridization, by
A. Cross Pollination
B. Somatic cell Hybridization.
Hybridization
Combining of characters
of two parents of same
species (Intraspecific) or
of different species
(Interspecific) in the
new offspring .
Plant Hybridization
Methods –
 Cross Pollination
(Natural)
Somatic cell
hybridization.
Cross
Pollination
The transfer of pollen
grains from anther of a
flower of one plant to
the stigma of another
flower of another plant
of same species.
Ensures new varieties of
plants to get good
qualities of both the
plants involved.
Emasculation is one of
the methods to avoid self
pollination which involves
removal of anthers (male
parts of the flower)
Somatic cell
Hybridization
The body cells of both the
varieties are taken and
their cell walls are removed
by certain chemicals.
(Protoplasts)
Further the cells are fused
(Heterokaryon) and cultured
in controlled conditions to
divide and produce
plantlets.
Can be handled in same or
even different species.
Example of different
species –
Wheat and Oat
Wheat and Rye (Secale);
Triticale
Micropropagation
Callus
Embyroid
Plantlets
Micropropagation in banana
Advantages &
Limitations
Provides rapid
propagation of identical
varieties.
Best applied to
interspecific hybrids.
Useful in plants having
dormant seeds.
A productive technique
to propagate superior
varieties.
Cannot be applicable in
all cases and in remote
agricultural areas.
Growth of an Explant in the Nutrient medium
Biotechnology
The use of
microorganisms or living
cells in the industry and
technology to produce
various products such as
foods, medicines etc.
MethodsBy using natural
microorganisms.
By using genetically
engineered
microorganisms.
Biotechnology
(Natural
Methods)
Fermentation is the
growth of microorganisms
in their suitable
conditions.
This process is widely
used to produced various
products such as Cheese,
Yoghurt, Vinegar,
Vitamins and Alcoholic
beverages.
Genetic
Engineering
methods
Also called “Recombinant DNA
Technology” or “Cut and Paste”
method.
Helps to produce recombinant DNA ,
a cut ‘n pasted bacterial gene,
which can duplicate with the desired
gene inside.
ApplicationsProduction of insulin to treat
diabetes mellitus
Production of erythroprotien
Production of vitamins, enzymes,
antibiotics and vaccines .
Latest products are transgenics or
GMOs (Genetically modified
organisms)
STOP !!!
But why ???
Who am I?
I am used in
control of diabetes
mellitus.
We are widely
present in your
body to protect you
against diseases.
Doctors prescribe us
to fight within a
diseased body.
We got
administered in
your body when you
were a tiny tot.
I am a process of
respiration in
certain microbes.
Hey..This is Dahlia,
remember you saw my
roots earlier. Well, thank
you for getting to learn
about the way we are
propagated.
Note: You can download this ppt from the school website within one week.