How CC licences are being used
in the government, education
and research sectors
Neale Hooper
QUT, Brisbane, Australia
Creative Commons for You, and for Government
National Library of Australia, Canberra
4 November 2011
Credits: Background photo by **sasho, Tasmania 31-10-2007 3-21-23 PM,
CC-BY-NC-ND, http://www.flickr.com/photos/sashodasho/1911713369/
CC in Australia
• 2004: Launch of Creative Commons in Australia
by Professor Lawrence Lessig at Queensland
University of Technology (QUT), Brisbane
• CC Australia is based in the QUT Law Faculty
• QUT is the official (and only) affiliate of Creative
Commons International in Australia
• Professor Brian Fitzgerald was recently appointed
to the Board of Directors of CC International
“Visitors to this website
agree to grant a nonexclusive, irrevocable,
royalty-free license to the
rest of the world for their
submissions to
Whitehouse.gov under the
Creative Commons
Attribution 3.0 License.”
CC BY SA
Most of Wikipedia's text and many of its images are duallicensed under the Creative Commons Attribution-Sharealike
3.0 Unported License (CC-BY-SA) and the GNU Free
Documentation License (GFDL)
The small print:
“ Text is available under the Creative Commons AttributionShare Alike License; additional terms may apply. See
Terms of Use for details ....”
Information for text contributors to Wikimedia projects
To grow the commons of free knowledge and free culture, all
users contributing to Wikimedia projects are required to grant
broad permissions to the general public to re-distribute and reuse their contributions freely, as long as the use is attributed
and the same freedom to re-use and re-distribute applies to
any derivative works. Therefore, for any text you hold the
copyright to, by submitting it, you agree to license it
under the Creative Commons Attribution-ShareAlike 3.0
Unported License. For compatibility reasons, you are also
required to license it under the GNU Free Documentation
License. Re-users can choose the license(s) they wish to comply
with. Please note that these licenses do allow commercial
uses of your contributions, as long as such uses are
compliant with the terms.
As an author, you agree to be attributed in any of the following
fashions: a) through a hyperlink (where possible) or URL to the
article or articles you contributed to, b) through a hyperlink
(where possible) or URL to an alternative, stable online copy
which is freely accessible, which conforms with the license, and
which provides credit to the authors in a manner equivalent to
the credit given on this website, or c) through a list of all
authors. (Any list of authors may be filtered to exclude very
small or irrelevant contributions.)
Flickr
Flickr by Amanda Cabral http://www.flickr.com/photos/amandacbb/5891890428/
Education
• MIT – OpenCourseWare
• Obama $2 billion for educational
resources
• ANU’s IP Policy
• Blackboard
Credits: Background photo by danishwindindustryassociation, Woolnorth, Tasmania,
CC-BY-NC, http://www.flickr.com/photos/danishwindindustryassociation/4150966664/
Trade Adjustment Assistance Community College and Career Training Grant Program:
US $2 billion in funding provided under federal education fund
to create OER resources for use in community colleges
P062311PS-0339 by The White House (US Government Work) http://www.flickr.com/photos/whitehouse/5937200216
Australian National University’s IP
Policy (1 July 2010)
Part 4 - Section 14. "Open Content" Licensing by [Staff] Member
14.1 …. A [Staff] Member who Creates copyright matter which is owned
by the University is granted a perpetual, irrevocable, worldwide, nonexclusive licence in respect of the copyright to grant licences to third
parties over the copyright matter:
– (a)
being an open content licence of the form maintained by
the Creative Commons Corporation; or
– (b)
being an open source licence in respect of Software, of the
form maintained by the Open Software Initiative or the Free
Software Foundation; or
– (c)
in any other form of open content licensing determined
from time to time in writing by the Vice Chancellor.
http://policies.anu.edu.au/policies/intellectual_property/policy
Credits: Background photo by Rock Portrait Photography, Tasmania Jan 08,
CC-BY-NC-ND, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hrdrck/3214272112/
Blackboard learning systems and
Creative Commons
• Blackboard announces plans to allow professors to make
their learning materials free and open online (Blackboard
is currently restricted to registered students only)
• “One key to Blackboard’s new “Share” feature is a
partnership with Creative Commons, which offers
licenses for free content. When professors choose to
make their courses free, they will be presented with
options to easily attach a Creative Commons license,
something they otherwise would have to do manually.”
Jeffrey R. Young, “In Victory for Open-Education Movement, Blackboard Embraces
Sharing”, Wired Campus, The Chronicle, 19 October 2011,
http://chronicle.com/blogs/wiredcampus/in-victory-for-open-education-movementblackboard-embraces-sharing/33776?sid=wc&utm_source=wc&utm_medium=en
Research
Credits: Background photo by danishwindindustryassociation, Woolnorth, Tasmania,
CC-BY-NC, http://www.flickr.com/photos/danishwindindustryassociation/4150966664/
Research publications and data
•
Public Library of Science (PLoS)
–
–
–
http://www.plos.org/
“All site content, unless otherwise noted, is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution licence.”
http://www.plos.org/journals/license.php
•
•
PubMed Central
–
–
many Open Access journal articles licensed under CC BY http://www.ncbi.nlm.nih.gov/pmc/journals/?filter=t1
“A well-being support program for patients with severe mental illness: a service evaluation”, Donna Eldridge,
Nicky Dawber and Richard Gray, BMC Psychiatry, 2011
•
•
The Public Library of Science (PLoS) applies the Creative Commons Attribution License (CCAL) to all works we publish
(read the human-readable summary or the full license legal code). Under the CCAL, authors retain ownership of the
copyright for their article, but authors allow anyone to download, reuse, reprint, modify, distribute, and/or copy articles
in PLoS journals, so long as the original authors and source are cited. No permission is required from the authors or the
publishers.
This is an Open Access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License
(http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/2.0), which permits unrestricted use, distribution, and reproduction in any
medium, provided the original work is properly cited.
Australian research publications and data
–
–
–
–
QUT ePrints – eg “Open Content Licensing: Cultivating the Creative Commons” (2007), Sydney University
Press and QUT ePrints - http://eprints.qut.edu.au/6677/ - licensed under CC BY NC ND 2.5 Licence - 20,000
downloads, ranks 15th in QUT ePrints
AIMS
Reef and Rainforest Research Centre data
AODN/IMOS
Credits: Background photo by Jayegirl99, Tasmania-4200
CC-BY-SA, http://www.flickr.com/photos/julieedgley/3258094114/
Reef and Rainforest Research Centre
Government
•
•
•
•
•
•
Australian Bureau of Statistics (ABS)
Geoscience Australia (GA)
Federal Budget papers – 2010, 2011
ComLaw
Australian Parliament
Emergency response report and wiki
Credits: Background photo by Matthew Knott, Tasmania
CC-BY-NC-SA, http://www.flickr.com/photos/mknott/606575243/
Sam the Koala and David Tree
Victorian bushfires, February 2009
Vale Sam
AUSTRALIA
AUSTRALIA
ComLaw: Copyright and related
matters
What ComLaw content is licensed under Creative Commons?
Except as noted above, all ComLaw content is licensed under a Creative Commons AttributionNonCommercial-ShareAlike 3.0 Unported License (the CC BY-NC-SA 3.0 licence) . You are free:
• to Share - to copy, distribute and transmit the content, and
• to Remix - to adapt the content
Under the following conditions:
• Attribution - You must attribute ComLaw content in the manner we specify, but not in any way that
suggests that we endorse you or your use of the material
• Non-commercial - You may not use this work for commercial purposes, and
• Share Alike - If you alter, transform, or build upon ComLaw content, you may distribute the
resulting work only under the same or similar licence to this one.
With the understanding that:
• Waiver - Any of the above conditions can be waived if you get permission from us.
• Public Domain - Where ComLaw content is in the public domain under applicable law, that status is
in no way affected by the licence.
• Other Rights - In no way are any of the following rights affected by the license:
–
–
–
your fair dealing or fair use rights, or other applicable copyright exceptions and limitations
the author's moral rights, and
rights other persons may have either in ComLaw content or in how it is used, such as publicity or privacy
rights.
This is a human-readable summary of the legal code (the full licence) .
Social Media and Emergency Response
• “Disaster Management and Social Media - a case study”, Queensland
Police Service (July 2011)
– QPS report on their experience using Social Media in the 2011 flood and Cyclone Yasi
emergencies
– licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution Licence
– See
http://www.police.qld.gov.au/Resources/Internet/services/reportsPublications/docume
nts/QPSSocialMediaCaseStudy.pdf
• Emergency 2.0 Wiki
– Licensed under CC BY NC
– See http://emergency20wiki.org/
Queensland Police Service, Disaster Management and Social Media - a case study, available at
http://www.police.qld.gov.au/Resources/Internet/services/reportsPublications/documents/QPSSocialMediaCaseStudy.pdf under a CC BY 2.5
Australia licence HTTP://CREATIVECOMMONS.ORG/LICENSES/BY/2.5/AU.
Advantages of using CC
• Discoverability and retrieval of CC materials by search engines (CC
machine readable code)
• Explicit statement of re-use rights: information provided upfront to users
about what they CAN do with the material
• Standard, internationally recognised icons depict the licence conditions –
surmounts language barriers
• Facilitates legal re-mix and re-use of CC-licensed materials
• Identification and attribution of the creator/owner of the licensed
material
• Licences are valid and enforceable by the courts
• Jacobsen v Katzer (US Court of Appeals for the Federal Circuit, 2008)
• Trumpet International v Ozemail (Australian Federal Court, Heerey J, 1996)
Credits: Background photo by Rock Portrait Photography, Tasmania Jan 08,
CC-BY-NC-ND, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hrdrck/3213598173/
Advantages of CC in the public sector
• mirrors the fundamental purpose for recognising copyright
in government materials
• supports government’s open access policy objectives –
contributes to the body of publicly funded content
available for innovative reuse
• clear statement about the source of the data
(attribution/provenance) – increased user confidence
• avoids financial and technical lock-up of taxpayer-funded
materials
Credits: Background photo by Rock Portrait Photography, Tasmania Jan 08,
CC-BY-NC-ND, http://www.flickr.com/photos/hrdrck/3213598173/
CC enables innovative use of
information/content
But, the journey towards the digital economy
has only just begun
For further information see
http://creativecommons.org.au
http://www.aupsi.org
http://www.oaklaw.qut.edu.au
Credits: Background photo by murphyeppoon, Stanley, Tasmania,
CC-BY-NC-SA, http://www.flickr.com/photos/29501884@N04/4542579777/
CC & Government Guide
Anne Fitzgerald, Neale Hooper & Cheryl
Foong (2011) –
CC & Government Guide: Using Creative
Commons 3.0 Australia Licences on
Government Copyright Materials
<http://eprints.qut.edu.au/38364/>
<http://creativecommons.org.au/sectors/government>
Townsville Tripping by Rob and Stephanie Levy
http://www.flickr.com/photos/robandstephanielevy/1557428475/