Identification of
needed competences
Socio-economic development in the era of renewable energies:
Towards the creation of a research institution for the MENA region
based on DESERTEC concept
Tunis, 3-4 September 2012
RE motivations
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Enhance energy security
Reduce carbon dioxide emissions
Reduce energy price volatility
Improve energy access
Technology development
Job creation (development of manufacturing industry)
• Policy to promote job creation
• Support for the acquisition of the necessary skills
Data
In 2010 3.5 Millions positions (REN21)
Of these Jobs:
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630 000 Wind Industry
350 000 Solar PV industry
1.5 Millions: Biofuel
Location Majority in: China, Brazil (Ethanol), Germany, India, USA,
Denmark
RE are more labor-intensive than fossil fuel technologies, with PV
technologies accounting for the highest number of Job-Years per GWh
over the lifetime of the facility
Job.Years/ GWh
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Solar PV: 0.85
Small Hydro: 0.27
Geothermal: 0.25
Solar thermal: 0.22
Biomass: 0.21
Wind: 0.19
Nuclear: 0.18
Natural Gas: 0.11 / 0.12
Job nature
• Jobs related to fuel free technologies
(Large scale RE Electricity, Domestic and industrial
applications of RE)
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Installation and /or Plant construction
Manufacturing
Administration / Management
Project design
Operation and Maintenance
Decommissioning
• Jobs related to fuel based technologies
(biofuel for transport industries)
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Feedstock
Production of Biofuel
Distribution of Biofuel
Job classification
• Direct Jobs
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Feedstock conversion
Manufacturing
Project development (including site preparation and installation)
Operation and Maintenance
• Indirect Jobs
 Supplying the RE industry
 Industrial input sectors in the production, operation and
Maintenance
 Positions in Government
 Regulatory Body
 Consultancy firms
 Research organizations
• Induced Jobs
Created when wealth is generated, spent elsewhere in the economy (Expl.
Stimulating consumption / Tourism …)
Fields of activity
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Feedstock production
Local / Export Industries
Project development
Installation
Operation and Maintenance
Decommissioning
Fuel free technology
The case of PV industry
Processing of
Raw Material
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Engineers
Technicians
Installation /
Plant
construction
Manufacture of
Cells and
Modules
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Engineers
technicians
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Project
development
analyst
Wholesaler
Solar PV system
designer
Construction
workers
Meteorologists
Operation &
Maintenance
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Technicians
Maintenance
staff
Decommissioning
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Construction
workers
Material
recyclers
Fuel based technology
• Biomass based electricity generation
• Liquid biofuel for transport
Feed stock production
Refinement of ethanol
and Transesterification
of biodiesel
Biofuel distribution
• Agriculture Jobs
(farmers, seasonal
labor)
• Collection of
residues and their
pretreatment
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• Logistic officers
• Machine Operators
Engineers
Chemists
Machine Operators
(depending on fuel,
Technology used)
Skills
• In Germany:
 RE: 82% have vocational training  40% university degree
 Whole Industry: 70% have vocational training  10% University
degree
• High Skills:
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Engineering
Meteorology
Project Development
R&D
• Unskilled:
 Installation / Construction
 Indirect Jobs: Transport / Administration
 Collection of fuel feedstock (farmers / Seasonal Labors)
Skills
• Similar to those needed in the conventional work force
• Specific to certain RE technologies
• Appropriate training
• Education policy
How to promote employment
benefits of RE
• Stable deployment policy
• Financial support for RE Technology
• Carbon dioxide pricing & Elimination of subsidies for conventional power
generation
• Provision of financial support
• Labor market policy
• Implement training programs:
 intensive vocational tailor made
 Courses directed towards specific needs of employers
• Policies for Education and Training
 Education delivered at the level of companies:
 New vocational training programs on RE
 Adjustment of existing programs
 Formal education sector:
 Introducing new programs (degrees in RE)
 Adjusting those already existing programs by adding modules related to RE
• Industrial Policy
• Policy aimed at deployment
• Increase industry ability to compete in national and International Market
Target group
• The programs developed need to extent beyond the workforce in
the direct manufacturer and installation and also addresses
employers and supporting institutions:
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Government agencies
Ministries
Financial institutions
Other business services / private sector
• Both vocational and formal education must provide
• Specialized education & Trainings for RE Industry
• Broader education requirements in Engineering & Management
The competitiveness of a domestic industry depend on the availability
and skills of the labor force and measures to ensure this.
Which subjects for training?
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Energy Geopolitics
Energy market / Price making
Energy strategy / Optimization of energy systems
Energy Policy
Investment choices
Financing tools for RE projects
Available Resources (solar / Wind/ Biomass …)
Site assessment
Thermal power plants
Physics of solar collectors
Energy conversion
Energy storage
Operation & Maintenance
Electric Power transmission
Economic aspects
Social & Strategic aspects
Beyond the DESERTEC concept
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Energy saving in dwellings / ecobuildings
Energy conversion and management for domestic applications
Energy conversion for Industrial applications
Energy conversion for Agriculture and in rural area
Energy efficiency
Thank you for your kind attention