AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
1
Cisco AutoQoS
Technical Presentation
Ramya Venkatraman
Technical Marketing Engineer – QoS
Internet Technologies Group
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
2
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco AutoQoS Framework
• Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
• AutoQoS Deployment Case Study
• Summary
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
3
Introduction –
IETF DiffServ Architecture (RFC-2475)
• The idea: different service levels for packets
• The service: some significant characteristics of packet
transmission in one direction across the network
Examples: bandwidth and latency
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
4
A New Paradigm for Automating the
Delivery of Network Quality of Service
• Key Takeaways:
Simpler QoS deployments – Reduces operator errors
Cheaper QoS deployments – Up to 2/3rds reduction in cost
Faster QoS deployments – Up to 2/3rds reduction in
deployment time
• Cisco AutoQoS initial focus: QoS for Voice over IP
IP Telephony is here!
IP Telephony requires QoS
QoS deployment can be challenging
Cisco AutoQoS makes VoIP deployments simpler, cheaper,
and faster
• Cisco AutoQoS retains 100% customer control over
configuration
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
5
Cisco QoS Introduction:
A Complete Diffserv Toolkit
Buffer Management & WRED
Queuing & Scheduling (WRR, PQ)
Policing & Marking (Aggregate & Micro Flow Policing)
ROUTER
Classification & Marking (DSCP, IP Precedence, nBAR, etc.)
Congestion Avoidance Mechanisms (WRED, WRED-ECN)
Traffic Conditioners (Policing, Shaping)
Congestion Management Techniques (WFQ,CBWFQ,LLQ)
Link Efficiency Mechanisms (Compression, Fragmentation)
FRAME
RELAY
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
PPP
HDLC
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
ATM
GE
PROVISIONING & MONITORING
CBQoSMIB, QPM 3.0
SWITCH
Classification (CoS,
(CoS, DSCP,
DSCP, ACLs,
ACLs, VLAN,
VLAN, Port-based)
Port-based)
Classification
FE
6
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco AutoQoS Framework
• Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
• AutoQoS Deployment Case Study
• Summary
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
7
Cisco AutoQoS - VoIP Framework
DiffServ Functions Automated
• Automation and simplification of the existing user interface to
expedite deployment of QoS features for VoIP
• Fine-tuning of AutoQoS generated parameters by user, if desired
DiffServ
Function
Classification
Cisco IOS QoS Feature
NBAR
DSCP, Port
Behavior
Classification of VoIP based on packet
attributes or port trust
Marking
Class-Based Marking
Set L3 / L2 attributes to bucketize packets
into a class
Congestion
Management
% based LLQ,
Provide EF treatment to voice & BE
treatment to data
Shaping
Class-based Shaping or FRTS
Shape to CIR to prevent burst & smooth
Traffic to Configured Rate
Link Efficiency
Mechanism
Header Compression
Reduce the VoIP bandwidth requirement
Link Efficiency
Mechanism
Link Fragmentation &
Interleaving
Reduce jitter experienced by voice packets
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
WRR
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
8
Cisco AutoQoS Framework –
Network Based Application Recognition
What Applications
are running through
my network?
Link Utilization
Citrix
Netshow
Fasttrack
25%
15%
10%
FTP
HTTP
30%
20%
• Benefits
Identifies Layer 4 to Layer 7 applications and protocols
• Stateful & deep packet inspection
Protocol Discovery analyzes application traffic patterns in real
time and identifies traffic is running on the network
• Platform Support
Cisco 1700, 2600, 3600, 7100, 7200, FlexWan Series Routers
Switches: MSFC support on Sup 1a & Sup 2 introduced in
Release 12.1(13)E
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
9
Cisco AutoQoS Framework –
nBAR RTP Payload Type Classification
• Eases classification of
voice and video traffic
VoIP, streaming / real time
video, audio / video
conferencing, Fax Over IP
• Distinguishes between
RTP packets based on
payload type and
CODECS
• Removes dependencies
on UDP Port Range &
DSCP markings
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
CODEC
Payload Type
G.711 (Audio) 0 (mu-law) 8 (a-law)
G.721 (Audio)
2
G.722 (Audio)
9
G.723 (Audio)
4
G.728 (Audio)
15
G.729 (Audio)
18
H.261 (Video)
31
MPEG-1 (A/V)
14 (Audio), 32
(Video), 33 (A-V)
MPEG-2 (A/V)
Dynamic
96 - 127
10
Cisco AutoQoS Framework –
Percentage Based Policies
• Problems
Fixed CIR imposes scalability issues
Service policies differ by interface, with a wide range of
interface bandwidths
• Solution
Configure policies as a percentage of available
bandwidth
• Advantage
Increased Scalability & Manageability
Same Policy Map can be applied on multiple interfaces and on
interfaces with varying bandwidth
Build Once, Apply Many Policies
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
11
Cisco AutoQoS Framework –
MLPPP Link Fragmentation & Interleaving
Problem: large packets “freeze out” voice
Voice Packet
60 bytes
Every 20 ms
Voice Packet
60 bytes
Every >214 ms
Voice Packet
60 bytes
Every >214 ms
~214ms Serialization Delay
Voice
1500 Data Bytes
Voice
Voice
1500 Data Bytes
10mbps Ethernet
Voice
Voice
1500 Data Bytes
Voice
10mbps Ethernet
56kb WAN
• Implemented via Multilink PPP (MLP) over FR, ATM, and leased lines
• Fragments are interleaved with the real-time packets, reducing the
Serialization delay experienced by Voice packets
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Benefit: reduce the jitter in voice calls
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
12
Cisco AutoQoS Framework –
RTP Header Compression
PROBLEM: Header = 2 X Payload
CODEC
PPP
6 Bytes of Header
ATM
53 Bytes Cells with
a 48 Byte Payload
Frame-Relay
4 Bytes of Header
G.711 at 50 pps
82.4 kbps
106 Kbps
81.6 kbps
G.711 at 33 pps
75.5 kbps
84 Kbps
75 kbps
G.729A at 50 pps
26.4 kbps
42.4 Kbps
25.6 kbps
G.729A at 33 pps
20 kbps
28 Kbps
19.5 kbps
BENEFIT: Reduction in Voice Bandwidth Requirement
CODEC
PPP
6 Bytes of Header
ATM
53 Bytes Cells with
a 48 Byte Payload
Frame-Relay
4 Bytes of Header
G.711 at 50 pps
68 kbps
N/A
67 kbps
G.711 at 33 pps
66 kbps
N/A
65.5 kbps
G.729A at 50 pps
12 kbps
N/A
11.2 kbps
G.729A at 33 pps
10.5 kbps
N/A
10 kbps
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
13
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco AutoQoS Framework
• Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
• AutoQoS Deployment Case Study
• Summary
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
14
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS –
VoIP Intelligence in the LAN
Building
Building
Building
Access
Layer 2 Switch
Distribution
Layer 3 Switch
Core
Layer 3 Switched
Backbone
Server Farm
•
•
•
•
Server Farm
Enable Trust boundary (phone, access, uplink/downlink)
Enable Priority Queuing where required
Modify Queue Admission criteria where required
Configure CoS to DSCP and IP Prec to DSCP maps where required
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
15
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS –
VoIP Intelligence in the WAN
WAN
125 Remote Sites
Build MQC based policies for VoIP
Intelligent Classification (Trust / Untrust)
High Speed & Low Speed QoS Policies
Automatically enable QoS features specific to underlying transport protocol
(FR, ATM, PPP, FR-to-ATM)
Enable Traffic Shaping where required
Enable LFI (FRF.12, MLP) where required
Enable CRTP
Monitoring & SNMP Alerts
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
16
Cisco AutoQoS Benefits
Router Platforms
Cisco 2600, 2600-XM, 3600, 3700, and 7200
Series Routers
• User can meet the voice QoS requirements
without extensive knowledge about:
Underlying technologies (i.e.: PPP, FR, ATM)
Service policies
Link efficiency mechanisms
• AutoQoS lends itself to tuning of all
generated parameters & configurations
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
17
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms
• Supported on serial (PPP & HDLC), ATM PVCs,
FR DLCIs and FR/ATM links
Only on point-to-point sub-interfaces for FR and low
speed ATM PVCs
Policies are specific to underlying transport layer
protocol
• Automatically identifies H.323, MGCP, H.225
(Unicast), SIP and Skinny Signaling Protocols
• Command Line Interface
auto qos voip [trust] – Untrusted Mode by default
auto qos voip [fr-atm] – Enabled on FR DLCI for FR/ATM
Interworking
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
18
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
• Classification
Trust: relies on DSCP markings from switches (DSCP EF &
AF31)
Un trust: nBAR RTP Payload Type Classification & Access
Lists
• Provisioning
LLQ protects voice bearer and voice signaling traffic
WFQ shares bandwidth fairly in the Best Effort Data class
• Policy Generation
Enables high- (>768Kbps) and low- (<=768Kbps) speed QoS
• Monitoring
SNMP monitoring events are reported if the SNMP server is
enabled
Thresholds activated in RMON alarm table to monitor LLQ
drops
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
19
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
Without
AutoQoS
Configuring QoS for VoIP on Low Speed Frame Relay WAN Link
class-map VoIP-Bearer
match protocol rtp audio
class-map VoIP-Control
match access-group 101
!
policy-map QoS-Policy
class VoIP-Bearer
priority percent 30
set ip dscp ef
class VoIP-Control
bandwidth percent 5
set ip dscp af31
class class-default
fair-queue
!
Access-list 101 permit tcp
Access-list 101 permit tcp
Access-list 101 permit udp
Access-list 101 permit udp
Access-list 101 permit tcp
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Classify the traffic of
interest for QoS Policy
Frame
Relay
Define QoS Policy
Treatment
Define ACLs to classify
VoIP Signaling
any
any
any
any
any
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
any
any
any
any
any
eq 1720
\\H.323
range 11000 11999 \\H.323
eq 2427
\\MGCP
eq 2428
\\MGCP
range 2000 2002
\\ Skinny
20
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
Without
AutoQoS
Enabling FRTS, FRF.12 & CRTP
interface Serial4/0
encapsulation frame-relay
Enable Frame Relay
frame-relay traffic-shaping
Traffic Shaping
!
interface Serial4/0.1 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
Apply FR class-map to DLCI
class VoIP
Frame-relay ip rtp header-compression
!
Enable RTP Header Compression
map-class frame-relay VoIP
frame-relay cir 256000
Frame Relay Traffic Shaping
frame-relay bc 2560
frame-relay be 0
Apply QoS Policy
frame-relay mincir 256000
service-policy output QoS-Policy
frame-relay fragment 320
Frame
Relay
Enable FRF.12
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
21
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
With AutoQoS
FRTS enabled by
interface Serial4/0
AutoQoS
encapsulation frame-relay
frame-relay traffic-shaping
You specify BW, IP Addr
!
& FR DLCI
interface Serial4/0.1 point-to-point
bandwidth 256
ip address 10.1.71.1 255.255.255.0
You enable AutoQoS
frame-relay interface-dlci 100
class AutoQoS-VoIP-FR-Serial4/0-100
CRTP configuration
auto qos voip
generated by AutoQoS
frame-relay ip rtp header-compression
!
map-class frame-relay AutoQoS-VoIP-FR-Serial4/0-100
frame-relay cir 256000
FRTS & FRF.12 settings
frame-relay bc 2560
generated by AutoQoS
frame-relay be 0
frame-relay mincir 256000
service-policy output AutoQoS-Policy-UnTrust
frame-relay fragment 320
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Frame
Relay
22
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
class-map match-any AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Untrust
match protocol rtp audio
match access-group name AutoQoS-VOIP-RTCP
class-map AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Untrust
match access-group name AutoQoS-VOIP-Control
class-map match-any AutoQoS-VOIP-Remark
match ip dscp ef
Classification done by
match ip dscp af31
AutoQoS
!
policy-map AutoQoS-Policy-Untrust
class-map AutoQoS-VoIP-RTP-Untrust
priority percent 70
set dscp ef
class AutoQoS-VoIP-Control-Untrust
bandwidth percent 5
Provisioning done by
set dscp af31
AutoQoS
class AutoQoS-VoIP-Remark
set dscp default
class class-default
fair-queue
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
With AutoQoS
Frame
Relay
23
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Router Platforms (Cont)
With AutoQoS
Monitoring Drops in LLQ
• Thresholds are activated in RMON alarm
table to monitor drops in Voice Class
• Default drop threshold is 1bps
Frame
Relay
rmon event 33333 log trap AutoQoS description “AutoQoS
SNMP traps for Voice Drops” owner AutoQoS
rmon alarm 33350 cbQoSCMDDropBitRate.2881.2991 30
Absolute rising-threshold 1 33333 falling-threshold 0
Owner AutoQoS
RMON event configured
generated by AutoQoS
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
24
Cisco AutoQoS Benefits
Switch Platforms
Cisco Catalyst 6500, 4500, 3550, and 2950EI
Switches
• User can meet the voice QoS requirements
without extensive knowledge about:
Trust boundary
CoS to DSCP mappings
Weighted Round Robin (WRR) & Priority Queue (PQ)
Scheduling parameters
• Generated parameters and configurations are
user tunable
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
25
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Switch Platforms
• Single command at the interface level configures
interface and global QoS
Support for Cisco IP Phone & Cisco Soft Phone
Support for Cisco Soft Phone currently exists only on the Cat6500
Trust Boundary is disabled when IP Phone is moved / relocated
Buffer Allocation & Egress Queuing dependent on interface type
(GE/FE)
• Supported on Static, dynamic-access, voice VLAN
access, and trunk ports
• CDP must be enabled for AutoQoS to function properly
• Cisco Catalyst 2950 EI supports WRR, Strict Priority
Scheduling, and Strict Priority Queuing
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
26
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Switch Platforms (Cont)
Command Line Interface
• Cisco Catalyst 6500 Switch
Global: set qos autoqos
Interface: set port qos autoqos <mod/port> voip
[ciscosoftphone | ciscoipphone]
Trust Boundary: Set port qos autoqos <mod/port> trust
[cos|dscp]
• Cisco Catalyst 3550 and 2950EI Switches
auto qos voip trust – QoS Labels in ingress packets are trusted
auto qos voip Cisco-phone – Extends trust boundary if IP Phone
detected
• Cisco Catalyst 4500 Switch
Similar to Cat 3550/2950
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
27
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Switch Platforms (Cont)
Without
AutoQoS
Configuring QoS for VoIP on Trusted & Untrusted Ports in the LAN
set qos enable
set port qos mod/port cos 0
set port qos mod/port cos-ext 0
set port qos mod/port trust-ext untrusted
set port qos mod/port trust-device ciscoipphone
set qos acl ip ACL_IP-PHONES trust-cos any
commit qos acl ACL_IP-PHONES
set qos acl map ACL_IP-PHONES mode/port
set port qos mod/port trust trust-cos
set qos ipprec-dscp-map 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
set qos cos-dscp-map 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
set qos map 2q2t tx queue 2 2 cos 5,6,7
.............
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
28
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Series Switch
With AutoQoS
User enables AutoQoS
set port macro 4/1 ciscoipphone 10 110
Port 4/1 has been fully configured for ciscoipphone. Data
vlan set to 10, auxiliary vlan set to 110, port based autoqos
configured.
Global autoqos configured on all ports.
Generated by AutoQoS
set qos autoqos
All ingress and egress QoS scheduling parameters configured
on all ports. CoS to DSCP, DSCP to COS and IP Precedence to
DSCP maps configured. Global QoS configured
6500
6500
6500
6500
6500
set port qos autoqos 4/1 voip ciscoipphone
Port 4/1 has been fully configured for voip.
Global autoqos configured on all ports
Generated by AutoQoS
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
29
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Cisco Catalyst 3550 Series Switch
Without
AutoQoS
Configuring QoS for VoIP on Trusted Ports in the LAN
Map CoS Values in incoming
packets to DSCP values
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
mls qos
Ingress Classification set
!
to trust CoS value
interface FastEthernet0/1
received in the packet
Description to IP Phone
mls qos trust CoS
Assign packets with CoS 5 to
Queue 4 (Expedite Queue)
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
priority-queue out
3500
Enable Egress Expedite Queue
switchport voice vlan 111
switchport access vlan 11
switchport priority extend cos 0
6500
3500
6500
3500
Enable Trust Boundary on the phone
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
30
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Cisco Catalyst 3550 Series Switch
Interface FastEthernet0/1
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos voip cisco-phone
You enable AutoQoS
wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0
wrr-queue min-reserve 1 5
wrr-queue min-reserve 2 6
wrr-queue min-reserve 3 7
Generated by
wrr-queue min-reserve 4 8
AutoQoS
wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4
wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
3500
Interface GigabitEthernet0/1
priority-queue out
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
mls qos trust cos
auto qos voip cisco-phone
You enable AutoQoS
wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0
wrr-queue queue-limit 80 1 20 1
Generated by
wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4
AutoQoS
wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
AutoQoS Technical
priority-queue out
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
With AutoQoS
6500
3500
6500
3500
31
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Cisco Catalyst 2950EI Series Switch
Without
AutoQoS
Configuring QoS for VoIP on Trusted & Untrusted Ports in the LAN
mls qos
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 10 18 26 34 46 48 56
wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4
Map CoS Values in incoming
wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7
packets to DSCP values
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0 Assign packets with CoS 5 to
!
Queue 4 (Expedite Queue)
Interface GigabitEthernet0/1
Description Uplink to Trusted Source
mls qos trust dscp
!
3500
interface FastEthernet0/1
Description to IP Phone
Ingress Classification set to trust
mls qos trust CoS
CoS value received in the packet
switchport voice vlan 111
switchport access vlan 11
switchport priority extend cos 0
6500
3500
6500
3500
Enable Trust Boundary on the phone
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
32
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
Cisco Catalyst 2950EI Series Switch
With AutoQoS
Generated by AutoQoS
mls qos map cos-dscp 0 8 16 26 32 46 48 56
wrr-queue bandwidth 20 1 80 0
no wrr-queue cos-map
wrr-queue cos-map 1 0 1 2 4
wrr-queue cos-map 3 3 6 7
wrr-queue cos-map 4 5
!
You enable AutoQoS
interface GigabitEthernet0/2
auto qos voip trust
mls qos trust cos
!
auto qos voip trust
Interface FastEthernet0/1
auto qos voip cisco-phone
mls qos trust device cisco-phone
6500
3500
3500
6500
3500
auto qos voip cisco-phone
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
33
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco AutoQoS Framework
• Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
• AutoQoS Deployment Case Study
• Summary
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
34
QoS Deployment for VoIP
Goal: Deploy consistent, end-to-end QoS for VoIP
WAN
WAN
Access Layer
Classification & Trust
Boundary
Marking / Remarking
Egress Queue Scheduling
Buffer Management
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Intelligent Classification
Bandwidth Provisioning
Admission Control
Shaping
Link Fragmentation & Interleaving
Header Compression
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Distribution Layer
Layer 3 Policing
Egress Scheduling
(Multiple Queues with WRR)
Priority Queuing for VOIP
Buffer Management
35
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
Without AutoQoS
• Identify Traffic of Interest
• Trust & Untrust
• Consistent end-to-end
QoS across LAN & WAN
• Platform Consistency
Consistency
Monitoring
&
Reporting
• Monitor the
performance of
Voice traffic
Key
Elements
of QoS
Deployment
Policy
Generation
Configuration
•
•
•
•
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Application
Classification
• Link Efficiency
Mechanisms
• CoS to DSCP to
Queue mapping
• WRR & WRED
parameters
• Transport specific
features
Classes
Bandwidth requirements
High Speed Vs Low Speed QoS
Buffer Management
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
36
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
Manual Approach without AutoQoS
In the WAN
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Identify applications and protocols of interest
Untrusted edge vs. trusted edge
Remark traffic based on classification
Determine how many classes should be configured,
and what queuing should be enabled
Determine class bandwidth requirements
Configure transport specific features
Traffic Shaping, MLPPP & TX-Ring settings
Enable bandwidth specific QoS features
Header Compression & Fragmentation Settings
(MLP/LFI or FRF.12)
Configure alarm and event settings for monitoring
purposes
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
37
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
Manual Approach without AutoQoS
In the LAN
1.
Identify Trust Boundary & Extended Trust
Boundary
2.
4.
Remark traffic based on classification
Determine CoS to DSCP and IP Precedence to
DSCP mappings
Map CoS values to the different egress queues
5.
Queue Size Settings & WRR weights
3.
FE Vs GE ports
6.
Determine CoS to Egress queue mapping
7.
Configure QoS on a per port basis
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
38
QoS Deployment for VoIP–
Automation with Cisco AutoQoS (Phase I)
Identify VoIP
Bearer &
Control
Traffic
Traffic
Classification
Evaluate
Network
Environment
& Generate
Initial Policy
Policy
Generation
One
Command
Provisioning
VoIP Packet
Drop Alerts
CBQoSMIB
Support
Monitoring
Full LAN & WAN
Interoperability
Consistency
Accomplish all of the above in just 4 steps
1.
2.
3.
4.
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Configure Interface / Sub-Interface Bandwidth
Configure IP Address
Enable AutoQoS (Trust Vs Un Trust)
Fine Tune Parameters, if required
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
39
QoS Deployment for VoIP - Single Step
Approach Using Cisco AutoQoS
In the LAN
Enable Cisco AutoQoS for VoIP on the switch
1.
2.
3.
Cisco Catalyst 2950 and 3550 Switches: enable Auto QoS on the
interface
auto qos voip [trust | cisco-phone]
Cisco Catalyst 6500 Switch: enable Auto QoS on the port
set qos autoqos
set port qos autoqos <mod/port> voip [ciscosoftphone
| ciscoipphone]
set port qos autoqos <mod/port> trust [cos|dscp]
Parameter Tuning
Monitor Cisco AutoQoS on the Switch
1.
2.
3.
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
sh mls qos interface <x> [buffers | queuing]
(above command not supported on 2950)
show mls qos maps cos-dscp
show auto qos interface <x>
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40
QoS Deployment for VoIP - Single Step
Approach Using Cisco AutoQoS (Cont)
In the WAN
Enable Cisco AutoQoS for VoIP via Router CLI
1.
Configure IP address on interface or sub interface
2.
Configure bandwidth on interface or sub interface
3.
Enable “autoqos voip [ trust | fr-atm ]” on PVC, DLCI
or interface
4.
Parameter tuning & Configuration modifications
Monitor Cisco AutoQoS on the Router
1. show policy-map interface <x>
2. show auto qos [interface <interface type>]
3. show rmon [alarms | events]
Monitor Cisco AutoQoS using QPM 3.0
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
41
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
Class-Based QoS MIB (CBQoSMIB)
• Provides read access to configuration and statistical information
for MQC based QoS Policies
• Provides MQC configuration information and application statistics
• Provides CBQoS statistics on a per-policy/per-interface or PVC
basis
• Monitor pre- and post-policy bit rates on a device
Interface 2
Inbound
Policy
Interface 1
Outbound Policy
SNMP
Interface 3
Inbound
Policy
CBQoSMIB
Provide CBQoS Statistics &
Configuration Information Per policy
ftp://ftp.cisco.com/pub/mibs/v2/CISCO-CLASS-BASED-QOS-MIB.my
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
42
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
Monitoring & Reporting with QPM 3.0
CLI
Cisco Works QoS Policy Manager
interface Serial0
–bandwidth 256
–Ip address 10.1.61.1
255.255.255.0
–auto qos voip
interface Multilink1
ip address 10.1.61.1 255.255.255.0
ip tcp header-compression iphc-format
load-interval 30
service-policy output QoS-Policy
ppp multilink
ppp multilink fragment-delay 10
ppp multilink interleave
• Device-Based
• Single Command
• Intelligent
Classification
• Reporting via Syslog
& Traps
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
• Central web based tool
• QoS config guidance
• Templates, customize
• Deployment control
• File export
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
• Monitoring
• Reports
• Troubleshooting
• Multi-device, global
43
QoS Deployment for VoIP - Monitoring and
Reporting with CBQoSMIB & QPM 3.0
Before QOS
After QOS Policies have been applied
CMPrePolicyPkt
CMPrePolicyByte
CMPostPolicyPkt
CMDropPkt
CMDropByte
CMNoBufDropPkt
Bronze
Bronze
Silver
Silver
Gold
Gold
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
Drop=Pre- Post
Bronze
Silver
44
QoS Deployment for VoIP –
An example using QPM 3.0
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
45
Agenda
• Introduction
• Cisco AutoQoS Framework
• Automation with Cisco AutoQoS
• AutoQoS Deployment Case Study
• Summary
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
46
Highlights –
Cisco AutoQoS in the WAN
• Simplifies QoS configuration for VoIP
Phase I – a single command enables Cisco QoS for
VoIP
• End-to-end simplification, automation, and
intelligence
Classifies VoIP bearer and signaling (H.323,
Skinny, H.225 Unicast, SIP & MGCP) traffic
Provisioning based on Cisco Best Practices
• Generated parameters and configuration can
be user modified
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
47
Highlights –
Cisco AutoQoS in the WAN (Cont)
• Intelligent policy generation
Based on available bandwidth & underlying L2
technology
Enables IP RTP Header Compression and Frame
Relay Traffic Shaping, if required
Decides on fragmentation settings (FRF.12,
MLP/LFI), if required
• Supported on FR, ATM, HDLC, PPP & FR-toATM links
• Provides RMON alerts, if VoIP packet are
dropped
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
48
Highlights –
Cisco AutoQoS in the LAN
• Simplifies QoS configuration for VoIP
Phase I – a single command enables Cisco
QoS for VoIP
Support for Cisco IP Phone & Cisco SoftPhone
• Optimal Voice Performance
Parameters based on Cisco Best Practices,
extensive lab testing, and input from a broad
base of AVVID installations
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
49
Highlights –
Cisco AutoQoS in the LAN (Cont)
• Intelligent Policy generation
Automatically decides on trust and extended trust
boundary settings
– User can bypass telephone and connect their PC
directly to the switch
– Disables trust when IP phone is relocated
Configures CoS to DSCP to Queue mapping
Decides on WRR settings
• Supported on Static, Dynamic-access, voice
VLAN, and trunk ports
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
50
The Cisco Advantage –
Most Comprehensive QoS Functionality Available
First to ship Advanced Differentiated Services Toolkit in 2000
Comprehensive QoS language framework via MQC
First to ship Intelligent Application Level classification
(Cisco Network Based Application Recognition - NBAR)
Complete QoS monitoring & reporting support with
Cisco Works QPM 3.0
Broadest platform support (switch & router space) for QoS
Full interoperability across the LAN & WAN DiffServ nodes
Only vendor to ship a Complete End-to-End Differentiated
Services solution
First to ship QoS Automation & Simplification
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
51
Availability
Platforms
Switches
Routers
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
Software
Cisco Catalyst 2950EI
Cisco Catalyst 3550
Cisco IOS Software Release
12.1(12c)EA1
Cisco Catalyst 4500
Cisco IOS Software Release
12.1(19)E
Cisco Catalyst 6500
Cisco Catalyst Operating
System 7.5.1
Cisco 2600 Series
Cisco 2600XM Series
Cisco 3600 Series
Cisco 3700 Series
Cisco 7200 Series
Cisco IOS Software Release
12.2(15)T
© 2002, Cisco Systems, Inc. All rights reserved.
52
References
QoS Home Page
http://www.cisco.com/go/qos
CiscoWorks QPM 3.0
http://www.cisco.com/en/US/products/sw/cscowork/ps2064
AutoQoS Technical Documentation for Cat 3550 & 2950
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/c3550/12112cea/
3550scg/swqos.htm
http://www.cisco.com/univercd/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat2950/12112ce
a/2950scg/swqos.htm
AutoQoS Technical Documentation for Cat 6500
http://lbj.cisco.com/push_targets1/ucdit/cc/td/doc/product/lan/cat6000
/sw_7_5/confg_gd/autoqos.htm#10002
AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
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AutoQoS Technical
Presentation, 1/03
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54