Snapshot
What is matter?
Write a few sentences describing what you
understand about matter. What is it? What is
it made of? Are there different kinds of
matter?
SNAPSHOT: Copy the chart and fill in the empty spaces
Times Up!
• PS.1 Test Make-ups
What is matter?
Matter is anything that has mass
and takes up space.
Particle Theory of Matter
All matter is made up of tiny particles
 Each substance has unique particles that are
different from other particles
 Empty spaces exist between particles
 Particles attract each other
 Particles move all the time
 Particles at high temperatures move faster
then particles at lower temperatures

States of Matter
Solid
 Liquid
 Gas
 Plasma

SOLID
A solid is matter that has that has definite size
and shape
 Particles close together have a stronger
attraction

Example: Put a sneaker in a box. It stays the
same.
SOLIDS
LIQUID

A liquid takes the shape of any container

Particles further apart, strong attraction
Example: Pour juice into a glass. The juice will
take on the shape of the glass.
Liquids
Gas
Gas is matter that has no definite shape
 Gases fill whatever container they are in
 Particles far apart, weak attraction

Example: The air all around us is a gas.
GAS
Phase Changes
PLASMA
Plasma
Plasma is matter with positively charged and
negatively charged particles
 Forces strip electrons (sub-particles) from
particles
 Most common state of matter in the universe

States of Matter
• BrainPop
– Record definitions as you watch
– Take quiz after the video
Snapshot
1. Objects with definite size and volume are
________.
2. Matter that fills up the container it is in is in
the ________ state.
3. Matter that takes the shape of its container is
in the _________ state.
4. Electrically charged gas is called _________.
5. What happens to the chemical structure of
matter when is goes from gas to liquid?
Test Review
Foldable
Outside:
Solids
Liquids
Gas
Plasma
Shutter Fold
Label the four
quadrants
Foldable
Solids are….
Liquids are…
Gases are…
Plasma is….
Inside:
Definition
Illustration
Example
Snapshot
List and define the four states of matter
Snapshot
List and define the four states of matter
QUIZ
• Quiz on Thursday
– States of Matter
– Physical vs Chemical Properties
Snapshot
All matter is made up of tiny _______1______
 _____2_____ spaces exist between particles
 Particles ____3_____ each other
 Particles _____4____ all the time
 Particles at ____5_____ temperatures move
faster

Snapshot
• Draw the diagram. Label the correct state of
matter shown in each phase (1-4)
Times Up!
• Quiz- Thursday
– States of Matter
– Physical and Chemical chnages
Homework Check
• Review and make corrections
• Store in Matter section of binder
States of Matter Lab
• We will observe how the temperature of ice
water changes over time
• We will observe several phase changes during
our experiment
• IV- Time
• DV- Temperature
States of Matter Lab
• Constants
– Amount of milk, sugar, salt, flavoring, etc
– Type of bags
– Shaking time
– Room temperature
States of Matter Lab
• Title
– The effect of IV on the DV
States of Matter Lab
• Problem Statement
– What question are we answering?
States of Matter Lab
• Research
– Use notes and textbook to answer research question
– Answer question #3 tonight for homework
States of Matter Lab
• Hypothesis
– Form a hypothesis
– If the IV is _________, then the DV will __________
Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
•
240mL milk
45mL sugar
80mL salt
2.5mL vanilla or chocolate flavoring
2 empty cups
ice
large zipper bag
small zipper bag
spoons
Celsius thermometer
Tub
1 Paper towel
Procedure
• Place the tub on your desk.
• In the small zipper bag, pour
– 240mL of milk
– 45mL of sugar
– 2.5mL vanilla flavoring
• CAREFULLY seal the bag and shake up the
mixture thoroughly.
Procedure
• In the large bag add enough ice to cover the
small bag
• Add 80mL of salt
• Take the temperature of the ice and record
this on your lab sheet
• CAREFULLY SEAL THE BAG AND GET READY TO
MAKE A PHASE CHANGE!
Procedure
• Take turns shaking the bag inside of the tub. Hold
the bag by its corners. Shake the bag for 3
minutes and take the temperature of the ice.
Record your data.
• Continue to flip the bag and take the temperature
every 3 minutes until your milk has become a
solid. Record your times and temperatures in the
data table.
• Remember to keep the bag in the tub at all times.
It should take 10 to 15 minutes to freeze.
Procedure
• When you have ice cream, take the
smaller bag out and wipe it off with a
paper towel.
• Dish out the ice cream equally into the
cups, and ENJOY!
• Clean up your area. (Leave it neater than
you found it!)
Project
• Graphing project DUE: Tuesday, October 14th
Snapshot
1. Which metric prefix is equal to 10-3?
2. Two marbles are placed in the graduated
cylinder below. Each marble is the same size.
What is the volume of one marble?
Times Up!
• Reminders– Quiz
– Project due Tuesday
Data Table
Time
Temperature
0
0
3
-2
6
-4.5
9
-6
12
-9
15
-10.5
Final
-12
Graph
•
•
•
•
•
X-axis- IV
Y-axis- DV
Label each axis
Provide an appropriate scale
Title your graph
Conclusion
Answer the following questions with full sentences:
• Did the data support your hypothesis?
• What state of matter was the milk when you began?
• What state of matter was the milk when you were
done?
• What was the temperature of the ice when you
started? When ended?
• In order to change the phase of the milk, what had to
be removed?
• What phase change did the ice go through?
• Why did the outside of the bag get wet? (Assume
that your bag did not spring a leak.)
Properties
• 2 Types
– Physical= descriptive
• Observed using 5 senses
• Found without destroying object
• EX: color
– Chemical
• How it reacts with something else
• Changes original substance into new substance
• EX: Combustibility
Physical Properties
•
•
•
•
•
•
Shape
Mass
Density
Solubility
Odor
Melting point
– Point at which solid becomes a liquid
• Boiling point
– Point at which liquid becomes a gas
• Color
Chemical Properties
• pH
– acidity
• Combustibility
– How easily it burns
• Reactivity
– How easily it reacts with other substances
PS.2 The student
will understand &
investigate the basic
Physical changes in matter
A Physical change is a change in how matter looks, but
not the kind of matter is it is.









Tear
Cut
Folded
Written
Liquid
Solid
Gas
Mixture
Solution
PHYSICAL CHANGES
Chemical changes in matter
New Matter is formed
Burning
 Rusting
 Cooking

CHEMICAL CHANGES
Snapshot
• What are the two type of properties?
• Give an example of each.
Times Up!
Science Fair
• Title and Purpose due Tuesday October 14th
• Title: The effect of ____IV____ on ____DV_____
• Purpose:
– The purpose of this project is to determine…
– The results of this experiment will help…
– While it is already known that __________,
additional information on __________ will help to…
54
Properties of Matter foldable
Outside:
List each of these
properties on your ten
flaps
Inside:
• Define property
• Identify each as
either a Physical or a
Chemical Property
Color
Shape
Acidity
Mass
Melting Point
Combustibility
Odor
Density
Reactivity
Boiling Point
Physical vs Chemical Properties
Practice
Snapshot
1. What are the four
4. What type of property
states of matter?
is each of the
following?
2. Which state of matter
a. acidity
has definite volume but
b. mass
no definite shape?
c. boiling point
3. What are the two types
d. Combustibility
of properties used to
e. Color
describe matter?
QUIZ
• States of Matter
• Physical vs Chemical properties
Different Ways to Categorize
What is another way we could classify matter?
 Phases is a category based on movement and
temperature
 We can also categorize based on type of
particles and how they combine

Different Ways to Categorize

State / Phase


Movement
Attraction

Classification / Type


Kind of particles
How they combine
Matter Classification

Pure Substances
- Elements
- Compounds

Mixtures
Classes of Matter
• 3 Classes
– Elements
• Atoms in their simplest form that have the same properties
• Cannot be broken down into a simpler type of matter.
• Same number of protons
• Example: Oxygen
– Compounds
• 2 or more elements that are chemically combined in a fixed ration
• You can write a formula for it
– Ex. Water H2O
– Mixtures
• Two or more substances not chemically combined
• Can be separated manually or without a chemical change
Elements
• Made up of atoms that are all the same
Compounds
• Two or more atoms chemically bonded
together
Mixtures
• Two or more different substances not
chemically bonded
Mixtures
Mixture of elements
Mixture of compounds
Mixture of elements
and compounds
Draw it!
• Draw an image of
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
an element
a compound
a mixture of elements
a mixture of compounds
a mixture of elements and compounds
Please turn in your Title & Purpose
• Draw the following diagrams. Label each one as
either an element, a compound, or a mixture
Which is it?
• Classify each example as a:
– Element
• One type of particle
– Compound
• Two or more particles combined together
– Mixture
• Two or more particles not combined together
Watch it!
• BrainPop
Snapshot
• Draw an example of:
– an element
– a compound
– a mixture
Snapshot
• Identify each substance as a element,
compound, or mixture:
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
air
pure water
soil
copper
salt
helium
Reminders
• DUE TODAY– Graphing Project
– Science Fair Title and Purpose
• QUIZ on elements, compounds, and mixtures
• 1/2 phase- Thursday
• 7/8 phase- Wednesday
Substances Vs. Mixtures:
Identify each as a E, C, or M
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Sodium
Water
Soil
Coffee
Oxygen
Alcohol
Carbon
dioxide
8. Cake batter
9. Air
10.Soup
11.Iron
12.Salt water
13.Ice cream
14.Nitrogen
15.Eggs
16.Blood
17.Table salt
18.Nail polish
19.Milk
20.Cola
Classes of Matter
• Foldable on elements, compounds, & mixtures
– Definition
– Examples
– Illustration
• Page 449- use textbook chapter as a reference
• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures classification
Exit Ticket
1. What is the definition of:
a. and element
b. a compound
c. a mixture
2. Give an example of each
Snapshot
• Draw the diagrams and label each with the
correct class of matter.
1
2
3
Times Up
• Take out PS.2 Classification of Matter Notes
• Any late work
– project
– science fair title and purpose
Types of Mixtures
• Homogeneous
– Homo= same
– Look the same throughout
• Ex. Alcohol & water
• Heterogeneous
–
–
–
–
Hetero = Different
Visibly have different substances & different phases
Mechanically separated
Example: Salt and pepper combined
Homogenous Mixtures
• Salt water
• Milk
• Air
Heterogeneous Mixtures
•
•
•
•
Salad dressing
Soils
Rocks
Cereal
Copy the chart and fill in the empty spaces
Solutions
• Solution
– Contains two or more components
•
•
•
•
•
One component is dissolved in the solution
Particles are very small
Will not settle or separate
Homogeneous
Ex. Sugar dissolved in water
Suspensions vs Colloids
• Suspension
– Visibly contains two
states
• Solid mixed in liquid
• Will separate if
allowed to sit
• Heterogeneous
• Ex. Flour & water
• Colloid
– Contains two or
more states
• Cannot be seen
under microscopes
• Will not settle or
separate
• Homogeneous
• Ex. Milk
Tyndall Effect
• BrainPop
• Elements, Compounds, Mixtures Worksheet
Snapshot
• Draw the diagrams and label each with the
correct class of matter.
1
2
3
Quiz
Mixtures Lab
• Materials
– Per group•
•
•
•
•
•
•
six test tubes half full of water
test tube seals
0.5 g sugar
a few drops of milk
0.5 g CuSO4 (copper sulfate)
2 mL olive oil
0.5 g soil
– Per student• Lab sheet
• Pencil
Snapshot
• Define each of the following terms
– homogenous mixture
– heterogenous mixture
– solution
– suspension
– colloid
Times Up!
• Any late work?
– projects
– science fair title and purpose
• Take out PS.2 notes
• Study guide due Wednesday
• Organic
Types of Compounds
– Any compound containing the element carbon and
Hydrogen
• C&H
• Usually found in organisms
• Ex. glucose C6H12O6
• Inorganic
– Compounds that are not organic
– Does not contain C& H
Organic vs Inorganic
Organic vs Inorganic
pH
• How many H+ ions are in a substance
• Ranges from 0 to 14
– Acidity
• Able to make H3O+
• pH of 6.9 and below
– Basicity
• Able to make OH• pH of 7.01 & Higher
– Neutral
• pH of 7.0000
• When an acid and a base combine
– Salt & water are produced
Acids vs Bases
Acids:
Bases:
Taste sour.
Taste bitter.
Give sharp stinging pain
in a cut or wound.
Feels slippery
Turn blue litmus paper
red.
Turn red litmus paper
blue.
pH of 0 to 6.9
pH of 7.01 to 14
Ex. HCl
NaOH
Salts
• Result of neutralizing
acid and base
• Contains a positively
charged ion (+) and a
negatively charged ion
(-)
• Ex. 3HCl + 3NaOH 
3NaCl + 3H2O
• hydrochloric acid + sodium
hydroxide  sodium
chloride + water
– Cancel each other out
– Neutral
• Form crystals
• Different colors, tastes
• Metal or positive parts
comes first
NaCl
pH Scale
• Foldable
• 15 sections 20 mm wide
pH Scale
Acids
0
1
2
3
4
5
Bases
Neutral
6
7
8
9
10 11 12 13 14
pH Scale
Snapshot
• Write each sentence and identify the substance
being described as either an acid or a base.
1. ____ Taste bitter
2. ____ Taste sour
3. ____ Have a pH higher then 7
4. ____ Have a pH lower then 7
5. ____ Turn litmus paper red
6. ____ Turn litmus paper blue
Times Up!
• Clear desks of everything but a pencil
pH Lab
• Read instructions to yourself as I read them
out loud
• Raise you hand if you have any questions
Materials
•
•
•
•
•
•
Lab sheet
Pencil
Six liquids
One eye dropper
Two piece of red litmus paper
Two piece of blue litmus paper
pH Lab
• Step 1: Make observations
– Use your senses
– WAFT, don’t sniff!
– No tasting!
• Step 2: Make a prediction
– Will each substance be an acid or a base?
pH Lab
• Step 4: Test substance 1 by dropping ONE drop
of liquid on to the red and the blue litmus
paper
• Step 5: Test each other substance by dropping
ONE drop of each liquid on to the red and the
blue litmus paper
Acids and Bases
• BrainPop