The Skeletal System –
Chapter 5

Parts of the skeletal system

Divided into two divisions
– Axial skeleton
– Appendicular skeleton
Functions of Bones



Hematopoiesis
Bones of the Human Body

Osseous tissue

Two types of bone tissue:
Figure 5.2b
Classification of Bones
 1.
Long bones
 Examples:
Classification of Bones
 2.
Short bones
 Examples:
Classification of Bones
 3.
Flat bones
 Examples:
Classification of Bones
 4.
Irregular bones
 Example:
Classification of Bones on the Basis
of Shape
Figure 5.1
Gross Anatomy of a Long Bone

Diaphysis

Epiphysis
Figure 5.2a
Structures of a Long Bone

Periosteum
–

Sharpey’s fibers

Arteries
Figure 5.2c
Structures of a Long Bone

Articular cartilage
(Articular – relates to the joints)
Figure 5.2a

Epiphyseal Plate
Structures of a Long Bone

Medullary cavity
– Infants –
– Adults –
Figure 5.2a
Quick Write

Draw and label bone:
– Diaphysis
– Epiphysis
– Periosteum (what do I do??)
– Sharpey’s fibers (what do I do??)
– Articular Cartilage (what do I do??)
LET’S DO THE
CHICKEN
DANCE!!!!!!



Microscopic Anatomy of Bone
Osteon (Haversian System)
Central (Haversian) canal
Volkmann’s (perforating) canal
Microscopic Anatomy of Bone

Lacuna –

Canaliculi –

Lamella –
Detail of Figure 5.3
Quick Write

How do osteocytes receive nutrients?
Changes in the Human Skeleton
Ossification
 Cartilage remains in isolated areas

(hyaline, fibro, elastic, articular)
Types of Bone Cells

Osteocytes

Osteoblasts

Osteoclasts

remake entire skeleton about every 10 years
– 10%/year
Bone Growth

Epiphyseal plates allow for growth of
long bone during childhood
Stages of Bone Growth
1.
2.
Bone Remodeling

Dependent on:
Bone Fractures
–Closed (simple) fracture –
–Open (compound) fracture –
 Treatment:
Common Types of Fractures –
(p. 137)
Table 5.2
surgery
Broken bone kickboxing
medical
wr
Repair of Bone Fractures
(diagram)
STOP
Bone Markings
• Bulges, depressions, and holes
that serve as:
–Sites of attachment for muscles,
ligaments, and tendons
–Joint surfaces
–Conduits for blood vessels and
nerves
Bone Markings
(see table pg 134)
 Categories
of bone markings
–A. Projections and processes –
grow out from the bone surface “T”
–B. Depressions or cavities –
indentations “F”
Bone Markings: Projections –
Sites of Muscle and Ligament
Attachment
• Tuberosity – rounded projection
• Crest – narrow, prominent ridge of
bone
• Trochanter – large, blunt,
irregular surface
• Tubercle – small rounded
projection
• Epicondyle – raised area
above a condyle
• Spine – sharp, slender projection
• Process – any bony prominence
Bone Markings: Projections –
Projections That Help to Form
Joints
• Head – bony expansion carried on a
narrow neck
• Facet – smooth, nearly flat articular
surface
• Condyle – rounded articular
projection
• Ramus – armlike bar of bone
Bone Markings: Depressions and
Openings
• Meatus – canal-like passageway
• Sinus – cavity within a bone
• Fossa – shallow, basin-like
depression
• Foramen – round or oval opening
through a bone