M.V.FOUNDATION
Presentation to
Planning Commission
Civil Society Window
Shantha Sinha
Prof.Aditya Mukherjee, Prof.Mridula Mukherjee,
M.R.Vikram, Dr. Himanshu
MVFoundation-Profile
 400,000
children
withdrawn
from
work
and
mainstreamed into formal schools in Andhra Pradesh
 15000 bonded laborers have been released
 25000 adolescent girls have accessed schools
 80000
volunteers and members of Child Rights
Protection Forums on a voluntary basis
 2500
government
teachers
abolition of Child Labour
involved
actively
in
MVF in India
Andhra Pradesh
Madhya Pradesh
Bihar
Rajasthan
Rural and Urban Poor
Maharashtra
Tribal Communities
Tamil Nadu
Migrant Labour
Assam
Coastal population
Orissa
&
Nepal
MVF’s perspective
Recognition of an explosive demand for education
among poor parents and their willingness to make
enormous sacrifices
Some Guiding Principles of MVF’s
Programme
 Child Labor defined as “all children out of school”
 Poverty is no excuse for Child Labour
 All children must be in full time formal day schools
 All work to a Child is hazardous
 No parallel institutions set up, in fact existing institutions
strengthened
 Youth activists as anchors and conscience keepers of the entire
program who work relentlessly for children’s rights
Components of MVF Strategy
Resolving conflicts and establishing a social norm that no child must work and all
children must be in schools

All mobilization to result in institution building




Petition to departments concerned




Child Rights Protection Forum
Teachers Forum for Liberation of Child Labour
Gram Panchayats
For release of bonded labor and stopping child marriages
For change in school governance
Bus facilities etc
Creation of a resource base of child rights activists taking independent
actions, offering technical support to other agencies (official and NGOs)
Inclusion on the basis of commitment for abolishing child labor, stopping
child marriages, and protection of children’s right to education through
full time formal schools, and planning for every child
Mainstreaming Children-Some
Methods
ENROLMENT
RETENTION
Direct
SCHOOLS
Short Term Camp
(3 Days)
Camp*
Short Term Camp
(3 Days)
Motivation Centers
Motivation Centers
Camp*
Motivation Centers
Bridge Course for children,
Tutions and Coaching for Exams
Camp*
Monitoring School Attendance and
status of out of school children
Re-enrolment of children
especially girls who dropped
out from classes 5 & 7
Inst. arrangements for shifting
children from primary schools to
upper primary and high schools
*Camps - 4 months for children in 9 - 11 years age group
12-18 months for children in 12-14 years age group
Impact
 Children become children, parents become parents, men share in
domestic work, families become families
 Changes in school governance and procedures of admission,
issuing of transfer certificates, examinations for older children in
schools, and demand for quality education

Deepening of democracy with members of CRPF getting elected
for gram panchayats and other local bodies, gram panchayats take
pride in speaking for children’s rights
 Stopping of girl child marriage, emergence of girl youth forums
 Issue of children in 0-6 years comes to the forefront
The Economic Impact
Wage increase for adults
Child labour causes Poverty and depresses Quality of Life
Impact in Shankarpalle
Shankrapalle 1997-1998
Shankarpalle 2005-2006
Shankarpalle 1995-1996
10
10
362
440
10
9
9381
422
9
8
8 517
7
7 528
6
6 595
5
5
4
4
Class
3
3
2
2
1
1
0
597
771
7
1232
1424
1345
4
1056
3380
2000
1116
2
1850
1000 2000
1248
3
1701
1000
1235
5
1260
831
0
8
class
1114
738
1041
6
872
675
1101
1073
1
3165
1391
0
3000 3000 4000 4000
500
1000
School
Year
Classrooms
Teachers
UPS
HS
1997-1998
198
124
6
7
2005-2006
246
214
17
11
1500
Status of child labour and school attendance in
Andhra Pradesh-Some Positive Notes
 Rajasthan and Andhra Pradesh are the two states with
highest jump in educational attendance ratios between
1991 and 2001. AP showed an increase of 25% and
Rajasthan 26% as against an all India increase of 16%
 Rajasthan showed a jump of 31% and AP 29% as
against an all India jump of 19% for girls
 AP jumped from 13th position to 4th position in case
of girls in between 1991 and 2001next only to Kerala,
Himachal Pradesh and Tamil Nadu .
Challenges in MVF project area in AP
 Not enough school teachers at upper primary and high school level and
teachers under pressure for better exam results and therefore
systematically discourage children from taking the board examinations
in class 10
 Corporal punishment, insults, lack of text books, insistence on payment
of school fees, school uniforms, push children out and especially from
class six onwards
 Growth of fee charging private schools shows demand from the poor
 Girls in 13-14 years find it difficult to stay in school and away from
marriage
 Over reporting of children in schools-only 420000 children out of
schools in AP in 2004-05 according to SSA
Class wise DISE data- 1996-97 to 2005-06 in Andhra Pradesh
Estimating Dropouts through Cohort Analysis
year
1
2
3
4
5
6
7
8
9
10
my sum
1996-1997 2487910 1616554 1406229 1241855 1145841 888711
796024
619029
558350
497030 11257533
1997-1998 2624248 1780155 1472416 1290678 1198595 920020
826923
626134
549816
497380 11786365
1998-1999 2657745 1863330 1635120 1375434 1265520 977850
867312
674446
577539
505912 12400208
1999-2000 2594755 1929440 1720561 1522825 1344480 1039521 922171
720014
628253
547103 12969123
2000-2001 2289220 1860561 1733326 1567239 1455607 1092855 978606
751891
669156
583540 12982001
2001-2002 1953581 1919690 1685989 1571567 1495414 1220297 1040598 829056
712799
642607 13071598
2002-2003 1935871 1746207 1752489 1569562 1529502 1305725 1153899 904489
784698
682809 13365251
2003-2004 1664932 1649476 1589359 1582680 1489212 1301798 1200332 1000339 849070
747791 13074989
2004-2005 1570421 1491928 1559096 1513223 1557743 1331660 1244524 1066846 950951
817376 13103768
2005-2006 1631554 1412387 1423787 1454154 1470040 1379616 1263689 1087713 999584 903865 13026389
dorpouts
by class
158034 241145 481717 483541 909604 1331066 1570032 1624664 1584045 8383848
Crucial Dropout Years
year
1 to 2
2 to 3
3 to 4
4 to 5
5 to 6
6 to 7
7 to 8
8 to 9
9 to 10
Fail % in
SSC
1996-1997
28.45
8.92
8.22
3.48
19.71
6.95
21.34
11.18
10.92
43.33
1997-1998
29.00
8.15
6.59
1.95
18.42
5.73
18.44
7.76
7.99
53.24
1998-1999
27.40
7.66
6.87
2.25
17.86
5.69
16.98
6.85
5.27
47.33
1999-2000
28.30
10.16
8.91
4.41
18.72
5.86
18.47
7.06
7.12
44.89
2000-2001
16.16
9.40
9.35
4.61
16.19
4.81
15.32
5.23
4.01
34.89
2001-2002
10.59
8.69
6.88
2.65
12.66
5.42
13.05
5.31
4.17
31.89
2002-2003
14.79
8.98
9.69
5.12
14.89
8.07
13.31
6.13
4.70
25.00
2003-2004
10.39
5.48
4.79
1.58
10.58
4.40
11.12
4.94
3.73
19.45
2004-2005
10.06
4.57
6.73
2.85
11.43
5.10
12.60
6.30
4.95
27.59
Average dropout
percentage
19.46
8.00
7.56
3.21
15.61
5.78
15.63
6.75
5.87
36.40
Challenges
 The entire education system

has to be prepared to accept the backlog of millions
of children in full time formal school with their
complex backgrounds

Take up the responsibility for integrating them and
not push them out as they do not have the required
standards
What needs to change

The Nation must believe that is POSSIBLE to abolish child labour and universalise education and
provide both the Legal and the Normative Framework to make it happen.

Campaign Mode

To motivate all sections of society for TOTAL abolition of child labour

Emphasis on Process and Institution building and not on data and targets.

Community Mobilization-v ia Gram Panchayats- & Youth Activists -the key to effective
universalisation

Area Based Approach

To cover universe of all children in a 6-14 year Age group who are both in schools and out of
schools



Distinction between hazardous and Non-hazardous work must go

Provide for children continuing in schools upto ClassX
Funding Allocation must be demand driven

Pattern of Expenditure to be varied based on Demand

Need for sustained expenditure over defined periods of time WITHOUT a break
Right to Education as a National Law