Manufacturing Accounts BY INQILAB PAT EL MAIN CAMPUS Manufacturing Business MANY BUSINESS ENTITIES ENGAGE IN MANUFACTURING ACTIVITIES AND THIS INVOLVES: The purchasing of raw materials Incurring labor and other cost IN CONVERTING THE RAW MATERIALS INTO FINISHED GOODS. Manufacturing Business In order to ascertain the cost of producing the goods a manufacturing account is prepared. This account is also normally prepared at the end of the accounting period. Both direct and indirect expenses associated with the manufacturing process debited to the manufacturing account. The balance of this account representing cost of the goods produced is then transferred to the trading account. Manufacturing Business The order of presentation of the final accounts is as under: (a) Manufacturing Account Part (b) Trading Account Part (c) Profit and Loss Account Part (d) Balance Sheet Part. Division of Costs Direct Materials Prime Direct Labour Cost Production Direct Expenses Cost Plus Factory Overhead Plus Administrative Expenses Selling & Distribution Expenses Financial Charges Total Cost Production Cost Prime Cost Add: Factory Overhead Production cost xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (Production Cost = Prime cost (Direct Cost)+ Factory overhead expenses (Indirect cost) Prime Cost Direct Material Add: Direct Labour Direct Expenses Prime Cost xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (Prime Cost = Direct Material+ Direct Labour + Direct Expenses) 1. Direct materials • • • • • Costs of the materials used during the period. Include Opening Inventory of Raw Materials + Purchase price of the raw materials and the acquisition costs related to the purchase. - Closing Inventory of Raw Materials Examples: Opening Inventory of Raw Materials xxxxx Add: Purchase of raw materials Carriage inwards / freight charges Available for use Less: Closing Inventory of Raw Materials Direct Material used xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx (xxxx) xxxxx 2. Direct labour • Wages paid to the people who are directly involved in the manufacturing process. Example: Direct labour, Direct wages, Factory wages, Production wages, Manufacturing wages • • Wages of a machine operator making a particular item 3. Direct Expenses • They refer to the expenses paid according to each unit of production. • Examples: Royalties Prime Cost Direct Material Add: Direct Labour Direct Expenses Prime Cost xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx xxxxx Factory Overhead (Indirect Manufacturing Costs) Factory Overhead or Indirect Manufacturing Costs are all those costs which occur in the factory or other place where production is being done, but which cannot be traced to the items being manufactured. Example: Wages of Cleaner Wages of Crane operator Wages of Supervisors Rent and Rates of Factory Depreciation of Plant and Machinery Factory Power Factory Lighting Factory Overhead (Indirect Manufacturing Costs) Factory Overhead or Indirect Manufacturing Costs are all those costs which occur in the factory or other place where production is being done, but which cannot be traced to the items being manufactured. Production Cost Direct Materials Prime Direct Labour Cost Direct Expenses Plus Factory Overhead Production Cost Work in Process It refers to the semi-finished goods, which should be included in the cost of goods manufactured. The opening inventory of the Work In Process should be added And The closing inventory of the Work In Process should be subtracted Direct Materials Prime Direct Labour Cost Production Direct Expenses Cost Plus Factory Overhead Plus Work in Process (opening) Less Work in Process (Closing) Total Cost of Goods Manufactured (a) Manufacturing Account (b) Trading Account This includes: Production cost brought down from Manufacturing Account Opening and Closing Stock of Finished Goods Sales (c) Profit & Loss Account This includes: Gross Profit brought down from Trading Account All administrative expenses All selling and distribution Expenses All Financial Charges (d) Balance Sheet This includes: All Assets (Current & Fixed) All Liabilities (Current & Long-term) All Capital & Drawing and Net Profit or Loss (d) Balance Sheet Thank You MAIN CAMPUS INQILAB PATEL inqilab@ruknuddin.com