INTEGRATED LIVESTOCK FEED
INTERVENTIONS
in the maize-based systems of
Babati district.
Ben Lukuyu; Leonard Marwa, Gregory Sikumba and
David Ngunga
the Livestock angle!
 Integrating improved FORAGES as
animal FEED and LAND
MANAGEMENT strategy (ILRI/CIAT)
 Enhancing use of CROP RESIDUES
(cereals, legumes and vegetable
waste) as animal FEED (ILRI/CIAT)
 Exploiting locally available feed
resources to feed indigenous chickens
(ILRI/AVRDC)
RESEARCH
Survey for
indigenous
chickens
Scoping
visits
Feed assessments using
the FEAST tool
2010 2011
Purchased more
efficient forage
Chicken
choppers and Develop business
rations
models around
On farm testing formulated feed mills
forage choppers &
of forage
Forage ‘best bets’ Chicken
varieties
rations tested feed mills
identified
On station testing
of forage varieties
2012
Introduced and
tested forage
choppers
2013
2014
2015
2016
Tested various forage
Pilot chicken rations
combinations on farm
Forage ‘best best’
combinations
identified
Identify forage
Initiate
champions
integration on
farms
Develop a forage seed
and planting materials
supply system
DEVELOPEMENT
Activity 1: Introduce improved forages for livestock feed and as
a land management strategy into existing farming systems.
 Pilot testing improved forages
in Seloto, Sabilo and Long
villages of Babati district.
 Conducted participatory
preference assessments of
introduced forage varieties
with communities
Forages technologies….
Napier grass/ Leucaena leucocephala plot in Babati
Desmodium/Napier grass
intercrop plot in Babati
A Napier grass plot in
Babati
Desmodium green leaf plot in Babati
Performance of Napier grass accessions
Yield (Ton/DM/acre)
25.00
20.00
15.00
10.00
5.00
ILRI 16835
Leaf Yield (Ton/DM/acre)
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16837
ILRI 14984
Napier grass acessions
Stem Yield (Ton/DM/acre)
Kakamega 1 Kakamega 2
Total Average yield (Ton/DM/acre)
Farmer variety preferences
Accession
ILRI 16837
KK2
ILRI 16835
Attributes
1) Large number of leaves /plant and
shoots/stool
1) Resistant to drought
1) Rapid recovery after cutting
1) Late flowering
1) Fewer leaves/stem, shoots/stool and
medium height stems
1) Resilient to drought
1) Fast recovery after cutting
1) Large size leaves and thick stems
1) Fewer shoots but vigorous
1) Tolerant to drought
1) Late flowering
Ranking of
attributes
Rank by
Rank by
total
quality (leaf:
yield
stem ratio
1
3
2
4
3
1
1
3
2
2
1
4
3
2
1
3
2
Growth Results 2015 Long Village
Accession
Kakamega 1
Kakamega 2
ILRI 16837
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Total
ILPT (cm)
10.75
12.17
9.12
11.83
12.17
13.67
11.30
Average
Height (cm) # LPT # TPP # IPT
189.83
15
58
165.67
11
30
199.83
13
39
154.33
9
82
280.00
15
34
173.33
11
60
190.93
13
48
7
5
6
2
8
4
5
LA
SC
-2
(cm ) (cm)
228.20
6.50
372.55
6.50
388.32
7.40
209.35
5.00
477.54
7.00
271.95
6.00
326.33
6.53
Growth Results 2015 Sabilo Village
Accession
Kakamega 1
Kakamega 2
ILRI 16837
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Total
ILPT
(cm)
9
9
7
9
10
9
9
Average Height
(cm)
# LPT # TPP
# IPT LA (cm-2) SC (cm)
165.83
13
66
7
242.15
7.33
154.83
13
36
7
340.91
7.00
151.17
14
34
7
335.30
5.83
145.67
14
41
6
187.37
4.00
217.67
14
30
6
305.04
7.67
157.67
13
67
4
231.74
5.67
166.18
14
44
6
277.57
6.30
Note: LPT=Number of Leaves per Tiller, TPP=Number of Tillers per plant, IPT=Number of Internode per Tiller,
ILPT=Internode length per tiller (cm), LA=Leaf Area (cm2), SC=Stem Circumference (cm)
Napier Forage yield
(2015 long rain season )
Yield ton/ha
Long Village Average Napier Yield
(ton/ha)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Leaf
Stem
Kakamega
Yield ton/ha
Sabilo Village Average Napier Yield
(ton/ha)
10
9
8
7
6
5
4
3
2
1
0
Stem
KK2
ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984
ILRI 16837 ILRI 16803 ILRI 16835 ILRI 14984
 High yield of stems
Leaf
Kakamega
KK2
These stems go to waste due
to poor processing. Results
warrants the need to increase
use of forage choppers.
There is no much difference in
nutritional quality (CP%), and True In
vitro Organic Matter digestibility
percent (TIVOMD).
Plant Leaf Chemical Results
100
90
80
70
60
50
40
30
20
10
0
Kakamega
KK2
ILRI 16837
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Average
Stem Chemical analysis Results
100
NIRS and Wet chemistry laboratory
results for Stem and leaf for 6 Napier
accessions.
Note:
Samples of crop residues and other
available feed and forages have been
sampled and analyzed for quality to
formulate rations for both livestock
and poultry.
90
80
70
Kakamega
60
KK2
50
ILRI 16837
40
30
20
10
0
ILRI 16803
ILRI 16835
ILRI 14984
Overall
Activity2: Crop residue utilization
Large areas are committed to crop production
with limited areas of land committed to
planted fodder.
Crop residues such as maize stover and bean
haulms are commonly fed to livestock due to
inadequate grazing land.
Crop residues are abundant but poorly stored
and used.
Availability of major types of crop residues in
Long, Sabilo and Seloto villages, Babati district
Type of crop
residues
Maizestover
Beans haulms
Pigeon pea haulms
Sorghum straw
Chick pea haulms
Finger millet straw
Jan
Feb
Mar
Apr
May June July
Aug
Sept
Oct
Nov
Dec
Maize stover yields observed in selected villages in Babati
during the 2012-2013 cropping season
Enhancing crop residues use
 Post-harvest forage processing technologies offer
potential to enhance use of crop residues for
livestock feeding through;
o Improved storage
o Handling
o Transportation
o Increased feed intake
Tested forage choppers with farmers
Fuel driven forage chopper in Babati
Maize stover baler in Babati
Emerging needs
Capacity development around forage
choppers
Building business models around
forages
Activity 3: Improved feeding of indigenous chickens using
local feed resources
Key findings
• Plenty cereal and legume grain products available on
farms
• Plenty of unutilized vegetable waste exist in vegetable
growing areas
• Poor processing of cereal and vegetable by
products/waste (a lack of technology)
• Poor storage of feed resources
• Indigenous chickens comprise 96.5% of the chickens
kept in Babati district.
• Farmers own an average of 5 birds per HH.
• A total of 53.2% of HH keep indigenous chickens
under extensive system
• There is high mortality rate (60%) mainly due to
malnutrition, diseases, predators, and rough
environmental conditions.
Ongoing work…
 Chicken feed rations based on locally available
resources being tested with farmers
Vegetable based rations (2)
Cereal by product based rations (2)
 Introduction of three (3) feeds mills for chicken feed
 Piloting ‘best bet’ rations with farmers
Next steps….Integration and
sustainability of the
technologies
Pilot ‘best bet’ chicken feed
rations
Test a business model around
feeds mills
for making chicken feed
Thank you
Africa Research in Sustainable Intensification for the Next Generation
africa-rising.net