ICT ANALYSIS
“Application of Information and Communication Technology
to Production and Dissemination of Official statistics”
10 May – 11 July 2007
M Q Hasan
Lecturer/ Statistician
UN Statistical Institute for Asia and the Pacific
Chiba, Japan
Email : hasan@unsiap.or.jp
1
Objective
 To
gain knowledge on
– ICT in general
– Key ICT indicators
– Situation analysis
2
Contents
 ICT in general
 ICT in an organisation
 ICT in a particular context
 Some software
 Discussions
 References
3
ICT Definition
ICT consists of hardware, software,
networks, and media for collection,
storage, processing, transmission, and
presentation of information (voice, data,
text, images)
Information & Communication Technology Sector Strategy Paper of the
World Bank Group, April 2002, http://info.worldbank.org/ict/ICT_ssp.html
4
ICT Sector
ICT sectors are defined by the OECD as a
combination of manufacturing and services
industries that capture, transmit and
display data and information
electronically.
5
OECD Key ICT indicators
1. Access lines and channels in total /per
100 inhabitants for OECD
2. Mobile subscribers in total / per 100
inhabitants for OECD
3. Internet subscribers in total for OECD
4a. Broadband subscribers per 100
inhabitants in OECD countries
4b.Availability of Digital Subscriber Lines
(DSL) in OECD countries
6
OECD Key ICT indicators
5. Cable TV subscribers in total for
OECD
6a Households with access to the
Internet in selected OECD countries
6b Households with access to a home
computer
7
OECD Key ICT indicators
7a Internet penetration by size class.
Percentage of businesses with ten or
more employees using the Internet
7b Businesses using the Internet and
businesses receiving orders over the
Internet
8. Share of ICT-related occupations in the
total economy in selected countries
8
OECD Key ICT indicators
9a. Telecommunication services revenue in
total for OECD
9b. Mobile telecommunication services
revenue in total for OECD
9c. Telecommunication infrastructure
investment in total for OECD
9
OECD Key ICT indicators
11a. ICT patents as a percentage of national
total (EPO) in selected countries
11b. Share of countries in ICT patents at the
EPO
12. Trade in ICT goods and services
10
OECD Key ICT indicators
13. Top 50 telecommunications firms and IT
firms
14. Contribution of ICT-using services to
value added per person engaged
15. Contributions of ICT investment to GDP
growth
Source: http://www.oecd.org/
11
Evolutions in Technology


Optimisation and Performance
(mainframes  LANs)
Integration of components



Client server based systems
Increased ‘simplicity’ of applications



Operating systems etc.
Specialized software for statistical processing
Functionality/Price
Accessibility
12
ICT and the NSO
13
Missions of NSO

Providing statistical data for policy
formation
– Managing IT




Planning
Implementation
Evaluation
etc
14
Missions of NSO

Managing IT
Data collection
Data processing including validations
Data Analysis
Data archiving
Data dissemination
15
Missions of NSO

Data collection
Census
Sample survey
Administrative records
Others
16
Data Processing
Planning
Define Data
Requirements
Pre- processing
activities
Activities, such as
Sample design, Pilot
survey etc.
Data
Analysis
Data
Conversion
Data
Cleaning
Final
Report
Finalise
Indicators
Questionnaire
Design
Data
collection
Report
Writing
Possible Stages in data collection procedure
17
Data Input






Electronic Forms
Computer Assisted Interviewing (CAI)
Computer assisted data entry
Administrative records
Imaging/OMR/OCR etc
Keying
18
Throughput




Data integration and data processing
Classification
Imputation
Analysis
19
Data output




Data archiving
Data mining
Data confidentiality
Electronic online dissemination
–

Electronic offline dissemination
–


Real time, etc.
Manual intervention
Publication
Etc.
20
Further output

Data management
– DBMS etc.

Content Management
– System analysis
21
ICT ANALYSIS
22
ICT and the NSO



Computer hardware – CPU
Computer hardware - accessories
Computer software
–
–
–
–
–

Operating systems
Applications Software
Development Software
Resource sharing tools
Etc.
Computer network equipments
23
ICT and the NSO
NSO Concerns




Available Expertise
Development
Trainings
Cost
–
–
Establishment
Procurement

–
H/W, S/W, L/W
Maintenance
24
ICT and the NSO
Factors influencing the choice of software








Functionality
Robust and Reliable
Easy to learn/operate/maintain
Hardware platform
Human resources
Affordable
Training
Previous knowledge/reference
25
ICT and the NSO
Selected areas of interest









Hardware and operating system
Communication (software side)
Communication (network side)
Storage
Security
Data Conversion
Back-end Servers
Report Preparations and Presentations
Graphics
26
ICT and the NSO

Hardware and operating system
– Operating systems

Different flavors of Unix
– Sun Solaris, HP Unix etc




Linux
Windows based system
Apple Macintosh based systems
Etc.
27
ICT and the NSO

Computer software
–
Application / Development software
 Data entry, processing, management
 Statistical Analysis
 Data Dissemination
 Database
 Compilers
 AntiVirus and Security
 Content Management
28
Free software

Users' have freedom to run, copy, distribute, study, change
and improve the software.

More precisely, it refers to four kinds of freedom
– The freedom to run the program, for any purpose
(freedom 0).
– The freedom to study how the program works, and adapt it
to your needs (freedom 1). Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.
– The freedom to redistribute copies so you can help your
neighbor (freedom 2).
– The freedom to improve the program, and release your
improvements to the public, so that the whole community
benefits (freedom 3). Access to the source code is a
precondition for this.

http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
29
Open Source Initiative (OSI)


Non-profit corporation dedicated to managing and
promoting the Open Source Definition for the good
of the community, specifically through the OSI
Certified Open Source Software certification mark
and program. You can read about successful software
products that have these properties, and about our
certification mark and program, which allow you to
be confident that software really is "Open Source."
We also make copies of approved open source
licenses here.
http://www.opensource.org
30
Apache Web Server





Product maintained by the Apache HTTP Server
Project
Open-source HTTP server for modern operating
systems including UNIX and Windows NT.
Apache has been the most popular web server on the
Internet since April of 1996.
The February 2005 “Netcraft Web Server Survey”
found that more than 68% of the web sites on the
Internet are using Apache
http://httpd.apache.org/
31
Operating systems - Linux



"open source" software project is developed
by an online community of volunteers
Backed by big and small corporate players
(like IBM and Red Hat) who provide support
and tailor the software for individual business
needs.
Linux, its champions say, is more stable and
secure than anything Microsoft has ever
produce
32
Linux ..in short






Runs on more CPUs and platforms than any
other computer operating system.
Multi-tasking operating system.
Comes with documentation.
Immune to most viruses.
Commercial versions (e.g. Red Hat) supports
24/7 customer service.
Many bugs are fixed by on-line users very
quickly.
33
K Desktop Environment





K Desktop Environment
KDE is a powerful graphical desktop environment
for Linux and Unix workstations.
It is Free Software
Combines ease of use, contemporary functionality,
and outstanding graphical design with the
technological superiority of the Unix operating
system.
http://www.kde.org/
34
Free office suite …OpenOffice






Multi-platform
Multilingual
Version 2.2
Text document
Spreadsheet
Presentation
35
Free office suite …OpenOffice




Office suite
An open-source project
Compatible with all other major office suites
http://www.openoffice.org/
36
Editing pictures suite





GIMP stands for GNU Image Manipulation
Program
Photo retouching, image composition and
image authoring.
It works on many operating systems, in many
languages.
The open source "Gimp" is powerful http://www.gimp.org/
Google's free Picasa
37
File and Print services:



Samba is an Open Source/Free Software suite
Samba is freely available under the GNU
General Public License.
Since 1992, provided file and print services to
all manner of SMB/CIFS clients, including the
numerous versions of Microsoft Windows
operating systems.
38
Statistical Software

Epi Info is a trademark of the Centers for Disease
Control and Prevention (CDC)
http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/epiinfo.htm

“Cspro" is a trademark of the US Census Bureau
http://www.census.gov/ipc/www
39
Browser statistics : April 2007*
Microsoft's Internet Explorer 7.0
19.2%
Microsoft IE 6.
37.3%
IE 5.0
1.7%
Firefox
32.9%
Mozilla
1.3%
Safari (identified as Mozilla before 2007)
1.7%
Opera
1.7%
*Ref : http://www.w3schools.com/browsers/browsers_stats.asp
40
Browser .. Firefox





Mozilla Firefox, the open source web browser.
“Firefox empowers you to browse faster, more
safely and more efficiently than with any other
browser” – Firefox website
Available for Windows, Mac OS X and Linux.
9 million download in 9 months, standing
around 50 million users at the moment
Reference http://www.mozilla.com/firefox
41
OCR software



Readiris pro 11
Convert your paper documents and PDF
files into editable text
Available for Windows, Mac OS
–
http://www.irislink.com/opt/uk/products/download/downgoogle.
html
42
Anti virus …Clamwin





Anti-virus software
Scanning Scheduler
Standalone Virus Scanner
Automatic Virus Database Updates.
ClamAV team updates Virus Databases on a
regular basis and almost immediately after
a new virus/variant is out;
Need to manually scan a file in order to
detect a virus
43
Database …MySQL





Available free under GPL - database enable
your web site.
Allows different level of access control.
Portable.
Fast.
Easy to download and install.
44
Data conversion …DBMS/Copy




Not a free software.
Point-and-click file format conversion.
– 80 different native file formats.
 SAS, SPSS, etc.
 Access, Oracle, etc.
 Excel, Access and ODBC.
Fundamental data analysis capabilities.
Drill-down data analysis and discovery, including
graphing, charting and reporting capabilities
45
MicrOsiris Statistical and Data
Management Software System
http://www.microsiris.com/MicrOsiris.htm





Handles any size data set.
Interactive dialogs and batched run files.
Data entry with Excel
Imports and exports to SAS, SPSS, STATA
Special Data Mining techniques for market
analysis (SEARCH --very fast for large
datasets).
46
MicrOsiris Statistical and Data
Management Software System





Interactive statistical decision tree for
selecting appropriate statistics.
Special nominal and ordinal statistical analysis
techniques (MCA, MNA).
Can read OSIRIS data sets from the Institute
for Political and Social Research (ICPSR).
Reads UNESCO IDAMS datasets.
Online manual
47
MicrOsiris Statistical and Data
Management Software System




Decision Tree for choosing statistics and
commands to compute them
Online context sensitive help system with
additional links to manual.
Requires only 6MB when fully loaded;
additional memory allocated as needed
depending on number of variables used.
Less than 12MB on disk--including manual
and Statistical Decision Tree.
48
References
1.
2.
3.
4.
5.
6.
7.
Open Source Initiative - http://www.opensource.org/
K Desktop Environment - http://www.kde.org/
Samba - http://us3.samba.org/samba/docs/GPL.html
The Free Software Definition http://www.gnu.org/philosophy/free-sw.html
OpenOffice - http://www.openoffice.org/
GNU Image Manipulation Program - http://www.gimp.org/
Information & Communication Technology Sector
Strategy Paper of the World Bank Group,
http://info.worldbank.org/ict/ICT_ssp.html
49
References ….contd.
8.
9.
10.
11.
12.
Organisation for Economic Co-operation and
Development - http://www.oecd.org/home/
BBC news 9 May 2005,
http://news.bbc.co.uk/2/hi/business/4508897.stm
INFORMATION INSECURITY- A survival guide to the
uncharted territories of cyber-threats and cyber-security,
Eduardo Gelbstein &Ahmad Kamal, United Nations ICT Task
Force and United Nations Institute of Training and Research
Epi Info - the Centers for Disease Control and Prevention
(CDC) -http://www.cdc.gov/epiinfo/epiinfo.htm
Cspro - http://www.census.gov/ipc/www
50
References ….contd.
13.
14.
15.
16.
The Apache Software Foundation - http://www.apache.org/
the Apache HTTP Server Project - http://httpd.apache.org
ClamWin - http://www.clamwin.com
DBMS/Copy- http://www.dataflux.com/ProductServices/Products/dbms.asp
17. MySQL - http://www.mysql.com
18. MicrOsiris - http://www.microsiris.com/MicrOsiris.htm
51