10.3
Study Guide Notes
Name_____________
Gilded Age ________________________________________________________________________
Social Darwinism____________________________________________________________________
Gospel of Wealth___________________________________________________________________
philanthropy _______________________________________________________________________
realism ___________________________________________________________________________
vaudeville _________________________________________________________________________
ragtime ___________________________________________________________________________
Scott Joplin________________________________________________________________________
In 1873 Mark Twain and Charles Warner co-wrote the novel, _______________________________.
Historians use this term to refer to the time between 1870 and 1900.
The term “___________________” refers to something being gold on the outside while the inside is
made of cheaper material.
The authors tried to point out that although this was a time of ___________________, beneath the
surface were corruption, poverty, and a huge difference between rich and poor.
Industrialization and urbanization caused Americans to look at ___________________in a different
way.
This gave way to new values, art, and forms of entertainment.
A strong belief during the Gilded Age was the idea of ___________________.
This is the belief that regardless of your background, you could still rise in society.
Horatio Alger, a minister from Massachusetts, left the clergy and moved to New York where he
wrote over 100 novels about rags-to-riches stories.
________________________________, an English philosopher, first proposed the idea of
______________________________________.
Spencer took __________________________theory of evolution and natural selection and applied
it to human society.
Like Darwin’s theory–that a species that cannot adapt to the environment will eventually die out–
Spencer felt that human society evolved through competition.
He concluded that society progressed and became better because only the fittest people survived.
Industrial leaders agreed with Social Darwinism.
Social Darwinism paralleled _______________________, an economic doctrine that was opposed to
government interference with business.
Many devout Christians and some leading scientists opposed the idea of Darwin’s conclusions about
the origin of new species.
They rejected the theory of ___________________because it went against the Bible’s account of
creation.
Andrew Carnegie, a wealthy business leader, believed in Social Darwinism and laissez-faire.
However, he also felt those who profited from society should give something back, so he softened
Social Darwinism with his ______________________________________.
This philosophy stated that wealthy Americans were responsible and should engage in
___________________, using great fortunes to further social progress.
A new movement in art and literature, called ___________________, portrayed people in realistic
situations instead of idealizing them as the romantic artists had done.
___________________________, a painter from Philadelphia, observed and painted day-to-day
living in a realistic fashion.
He used realistic detail and precise lighting.
Writer and literary critic ______________________________________ wrote realistically about
American life.
He also recognized talent in several writers of this time, including Mark Twain, who wrote
Adventures of Huckleberry Finn in 1884.
Twain is thought to have written the first true American novel.
_____________________________, an English writer, portrayed the lives of the upper class in his
1881 novel, Portrait of a Lady.
___________________________ won a Pulitzer Prize for the novel The Age of Innocence, which
portrayed the complicated lives of the upper-class in New York in the 1870s.
Popular culture changed in the late 1800s.
People had more ___________________to spend on entertainment and recreation.
Work became separate from home.
People looked to have fun by “_____________________________” to public entertainment.
During the 1800s, the saloon acted like a community and political center for male workers.
It offered free toilets, water for horses, free newspapers, and free lunches.
_____________________________in New York was an amusement park that attracted working
class families and single adults.
It offered amusements such as water slides and railroad rides.
Watching ___________________ became very popular in the late 1800s.
Baseball began to appear in the United States in the early 1800s.
In 1869 the first salaried team, the Cincinnati Red Stockings, was formed.
Football and basketball also became popular during this time.
In the early 1880s, _____________________ became popular.
It was adapted from the French theater and combined animal acts, acrobats, gymnasts, and dancers
in its performance.
During this time, people began enjoying ___________________music.
The most famous African American ragtime composer was _________________________________,
who became known as the King of Ragtime.