Primary: Provide a user friendly monitoring
system which can be used to detect fires and
explosions in a commercial building
 Purpose:

› Reduce response time by rescue officials
› Integrate into sponsors system:
 Release emergency doors which have delays
Provide an area of coverage of 40’ x 40’ x 15’
 Detect incendiary events:

› Room Temperature- Threshold set to 120˚F
 Meet National Fire Protection Association(NFPA)
standards “Low” under the category of heat detector.
› Monitor room air for smoke

Detect explosions:
› Room acoustic - Threshold set at 100dB(default)
Provide battery backup: 24 Hrs
 GUI monitoring system for end user

Controls – Frank Ogadah
 User Interface – Tien Tran
 Power Management - Alan Seims
 Sensors - Andrew Farrell

Manufacturer : PCB Piezotronics
 Model : 130D20
 Type: piezoelectric
 Frequency response : 20Hz – 20kHz
 pSPL(linear response) – 120dB
 Cost: $420.00

5Vdc
R4
10k
R3
5k
0
130D20
BNC Connector
AD790
1
+Vs
Vl
+V
Vo
3 -V
GND
C1
2
10uF
R1
4.6k
4 -Vs
L
D1
D1N5314
0
24Vdc Power Supply
8
7
Pin_26
6
5
R2
10k

National Semiconductor
› Model: LM19
› Temperature range: -55˚C – 130˚C
› Sensitivity: 11.9 mV/ ˚C
› Tolerance: +/- 2.5˚C using a parabolic
transfer function
› Transfer Function:
› Cost: $0.34
5Vdc
R1
10k
5Vdc
R4
3k
R2
8
5k
0
2
Vo
+
1
4
Vs
3
C1
LM19
0.1uF
gnd
0
R3
4.7k
U2A
LM2903
Pin_27
Model: 276-142
 Matched IR Emitter/PhotoTransistor
 Emitter:


λpeak = 850nm

Phototransistor
› Spectral Bandwidth = 620nm - 950nm
› Peak Sensitivity = 850nm

Cost: $3.49
5VDC
R6
10k
5VDC
5VDC
R4
R2
3k
8
1
0
2
2
276-142
R1
180
3
2
+
U2A
1
-
R3
3k
4
1 U3
3k
R5
5k
LM2903
Pin_27
 Processing Times
 Analog/Digital Converter
 Memory
 Power
Supply
 Cost
› Financial
› Development
 Software
 Learning Curve
Microcontroller
ATmega 328P
MC9S08SH8
MSP 430
Processing Time
5µs
2.5µs
62.5 ns
A/D Converter
Yes
Yes
Yes
Dev Board Cost
$29.99
$50.00
$22.95
About $3.00
About $3.00
Around $2.00
Software Cost
Free
Restricted/$195
Restricted/$149
Power Supply
1.8-5.5 V
0.3-5.8 V
1.8-3.6 V
Bit Architecture
8
8
16
I/O Pins
28
16
15
Memory
1KB/2 KB
512B/8192 B
256/2000B
Memory Types
EEPROM/RAM
Flash /RAM
Flash/RAM
Final Est. Cost
$29.99
$245
$171.95
MCU Cost
 ATmega
328P Final Choice
 20 MIPS Throughput at 20 MHz
 6 Channel 10 Bit ADC PDIP (Input)
 Programmable Serial USART
 13 Programmable Lines (I/O)
 6 Power Channels (PWM)
 On chip analog comparator
 Arduino IDE, C++ compatible
Acoustic Sensor
Thermal Sensor
MCU
ATMega328
Smoke Sensor

Sensors send Analog
Signals to Assigned pins

MCU will control Sensors
via Digital Signals through
Quad-High-Side-Switch

Sensors connected to LED
to confirm activity

Communicate through
FT232RL
CPU
(GUI)

Receive communication
from MCU
(Optional)


Transmit data via USB to
Desktop
Have TX and RX LED to
verify communication
taking place
RS232
FT232RL
USB
CPU
(GUI)

Used Arduino 0015 IDE

Program input and output pins

Program Function to collect &
Display Analog Data

Control Function to Control
Sensors

Function to sound an Alarm or
buzzer for event or sensor
malfunction
Log-in system
 Database
management
 Alert System
 Monitor
Safety Device
 System Log

GUI (Graphical User Interface), for easy user
interaction
 Language C#

› Object Oriented programming

IDE – Microsoft Visual Studio 2008
› Provides very easy GUI creation tools and
environments
› Cost = Free from msdn

Start

End
Password
Form
Verify
Account
Main
Form



A class per form
Password Form start/ends program
System Log updates at for each event
Verifies user has correct access to use
the system
Branches to Main Form if successful

Alert
Form
System Log
Form
Main
Form
Monitor
Form

Admin
Check

Emergency
Contact Form
User Account
Form
Add/Edit
Form
Add/Edit
Form

Main form branches to 5 other
forms
Monitor and Alert deals with
microcontroller and outside
contact
System Log is updated
automatically at certain events
Admin rights determines ability
to modify EContact and
UserAccount data
 New editing or adding new
entry
3 Text files for storing specific system
information
 UserAccount.txt – Holds user account info
 EContacts.txt – Hold emergency contact
information
 SystemLog.txt – Holds log data for specific
events occurring during operation

UserAccount.txt
EContact.txt
SystemLog.txt
File Name
LoginID
Password
Name
Telephone
Email
Adminstrator
Name
loginID
password
name
telephone
email
admin
Field Type
String
String
String
String
String
Boolean
Allows Nulls
No
No
No
No
Yes
No
Name
Telephone
Email
TextMessage
Priority
name
telephone
email
txtMessage
priority
String
String
String
Boolean
Int
No
Yes
Yes
No
No
EventID
DateTime
EventInfo
eventID
dateTime
eventInfo
Int
Datetime
String
No
No
No

UserAccount.txt – 174 bytes/Entry
› 20 X 174 = 3480 bytes or 3.4 kilobytes

EContacts.txt - 134 bytes/Entry
› 20 X 134 = 2680 bytes or 2.62 kilobytes

SystemLog.txt – 115 bytes/Entry
› (4-logs X 2-instances X 365-days) X 115 bytes =
335800 bytes or 327.9 KB or .32 MB

Cheapest and smallest HD 160 GB for $30
Newegg

Alert Form
› Sends important messages to selected individuals
› Message is dictated by user
› Update log
Uses data from EContact.txt
 Two forms of alert:

› Email
› Text messaging
Start

Execution tier:
Match
Priority
› Email
› Text message

Cycle through each
contact entry and checks
priority and executes
based on priority
› Priority levels: 1 - 3
Send
Email
Check if
Texting
Send Text
Message
Next
Entry
Use smtp mail server to send out email and text
message
 Requires an account with username and
password
 Demonstration: Smtp from Google using GMAIL

› smtp.gmail.com, port 587
Monitor Form class
 Connects to detection device
 Turn off individual sensors or resets them
 Monitors signals transferred from device
 Automatically calls the alert method in Alert
form class if a sensor is tripped.
 Can call Alert Form manually if communication
protocol fails.

The device requires a continuous supply of at
least 24 VDC.
 The system has two power sources: main power
supply and battery backup.

› Battery Backup provides 24-Hr run time

Power to each sensor is controlled by the Central
Monitoring System.
Switch-mode power supply
 50 kHz switching frequency
 88-264 VAC/47-63 Hz input
 Provides 36 VDC at 1 A
 Small size (3.9” x 3.2” x 1.4”)
 Cost: $19.03

Ensures uninterrupted power to the device for
24-Hrs.
 Two PS-1221S 12 V SLA batteries in series.
 2 Ah capacity
 5.75” x 3.5” x .75”
 1.5 lb ea.
 Cost: $22.95 ea.

Designed specifically for Sealed Lead Acid
Batteries
 Programmable charge current
 Used as a three level float charger
 16 pin DIP IC ( .785”x.3” )
 Input voltage range: 6-40 V
 Cost: $5.50








Solid state switch compared to electro-mechanical
relay.
20 lead plastic DIP
Enables the Central Monitoring System to control
sensor power.
Input voltage: 8-48 V
Fully enhances N-channel
MOSFET switches
Individual short circuit
protection for the sensors
Cost: Free
Adjustable voltage through the use of an external
voltage divider circuit
 Output voltage: 1.2-37 V
 Output current: .5 A
 Cost: $.69 ea.

Item
Supply Voltage
Supply Current
MicroController
5.5 V
25 mA
Power
Consumption
137.5 mW
Comparators (3)
5V
Buffers (3)
5V
LT1161
24 V
.75 mA x 3 =
2.25 mA
1.1 mA x 3 =
3.3 mA
10.55 mA
3.75 mW x 3 = 11.25
mW
5.5 mW x 3 = 16.5
mW
253.2 mW
Thermal Sensor
5.5 V
10 µA
55 µW
Acoustic Sensor
24 V
4.7 mA
48 mW
Smoke Sensor
5V
30.2 mA
151 mW
UC3906 and
Charging Circuit
36 V
1.6 mA (standby),
550 mA (max)
57.6 mW (min),
19.8 W (max)
Total = 77.61-627.61
mA
Total = 675.11mW20.48W

System Testing:
› Acoustic: point charges at a distance of 15’- 40’
› Thermal Detector: use a heat gun
› Smoke: Use a fire detector test spray
Battery Backup: disconnect main power and test.
 Software testing:

› Proper alerts were executed
Item
Manufacturer
1
Pamona Electronics
2
Part #:
Quantity Final Price
5.39
1
Distributor
Stock #:
Price
4969
Digi-key
501-1030-ND
$5.39
2222 097 50109
Newark
98K6800
$0.11
1
0.11
3
Vishay SemiConductors
American Power
Devices
1N5314
Newark
91B2161
$6.33
1
6.33
4
Vishay SemiConductors
1N4148
Newark
44K0365
$0.01
2
0.02
5
Tyco Electronics
2-1676913-6
Newark
98K3495
$0.20
2
0.4
6
TDK Lambda
Newark
08N3006
$18.44
1
18.44
7
United Chemi-Con
LS5048
ESMG500ELLR10ME1
1D
Newark
$0.06
5
0.3
8
National Semiconductor
LMP7709
Digi-key
23K5034
LMP7709MT-ND
$3.38
1
3.38
9
National Semiconductor
LMV7219M5/NOPB
Digikey
LMV7219M5CT-ND
$1.53
1
1.53
10
PCB Piezotronics
130D20
Sales Office
$420.00
1
420
11
Smoke Sensor
tbd
tbd
tbd
12
National Semiconductors
Digi-key
LM19CIZ-ND
$0.34
1
0.34
13
United Chemi-Con
LM19
ESMG500ELLR10ME1
1D
Newark
$0.06
5
0.3
14
National Semiconductor
LMP7709
Digi-key
23k5034
LMP7709MT-ND
$3.38
1
3.38
15
16
National Semiconductor
Linear Technology
LMV7219M5/NOPB
LTC4009
Digikey
Digikey
LMV7219M5CT-ND
1
1
1.53
LTC4009CUF#PBF-ND
$1.53
$3.58
17
PowerSonic
PS-1221S
Batterymart.com
SLA-12V2-T
$22.95
2
45.9
18
Linear Technology
LT1161
LT1161IN#PBF-ND
$3.70
1
3.7
19
Arduino
W5100
Digikey
SparkFun
DEV-09026
45.95
1
45.95
20
Arduino
Duemilanove
SparkFun
DEV-00666
29.95
1
29.95
21
Bud Industries
BT-2742
Digikey
377-1548-ND
59.34
1
59.34
22
Keystone Electronics
8442G
Digikey
8442GK-ND
0.908
8
7.264
$627.14
39
657.134
TOTAL
0
3.58
S.M.D.S Development
Design Specifications
Hardware Design
Software Design
Parts Acquisition
% Completed
Hardware Implementation
Software Implementation
System Testing
0
10
20
30
40
50
60
70
80
90
100